Acute PainPhase 4NCT03894800
Determination of Analgesic Equipotent Doses of Inhaled Metoxyflurane vs. Intravenous Fentanyl
A Phase 4 study testing Methoxyflurane (M), Fentanyl (F1) and Fentanyl (F2) in people with Acute Pain and Trauma, run by Oslo University Hospital at 1 site in Norway.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to determinate the equipotent doses of inhaled metoxyflurane vs. intravenous fentanyl. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 64 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Pain, Trauma, Hypovolemia
- What is being tested?
- Methoxyflurane (M), Fentanyl (F1) and Fentanyl (F2)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 12 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNorway
- Study dates
- 23 Apr 2019to 29 Oct 2019
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 64 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy volunteers
- Age 18 - 64
- Both sex
- No chronic disease
- No regular medication
- Recruited from the general population
- Signed informed consent and expected cooperation of the subjects for the treatment and follow up must be obtained and documented according to ICH GCP, and national/local regulations
Who cannot join
- Use of pain medication the last 2 days before a session
- Use of complementary medicine the last 2 days before a session
- Use of regular medication
- Previous substance abuse
- Pregnancy
- Know allergies or serious side effects to opioids or metoxyflurane
Show all 28Show fewer
- Use of alcohol last 24 h before each session
- Exclusion criteria with respect to fentanyl:
- Hypersensitivity opposite the active substance (fentanyl) or other opioids
- Hypersensitivity opposite the excipients (to fentanyl): sodiumclorid, water for injection, hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide
- Respiratory depression without artificial ventilation
- Use of MAO-inhibitor or use of MAO-inhibitor by two weeks before inclusion
- Elevated intracranial pressure or brain trauma
- Hypovolemia or hypotension
- Myasthenia gravis
- Exclusion criteria with respect to metoxyflurane:
- Use metoxyflurane as anesthetic
- Hypersensitivity opposite metoxyflurane or fluorinated anesthetics
- Hypersensitivity opposite the excipient (to metoxyflurane):
- Butylhydroksytoulen
- Malignant hyperthermia or persons with suspect genetic predisposition for malignant hyperthermia
- History (to the volunteer or family) of serious adverse effects after administration of inhalation anesthetics
- Volunteers showing sign of liver damage after use of metoxyflurane or halogenated anesthetics
- History of liver disease
- Clinical significant reduced kidney function or history of kidney disease
- Changed of level of consciousness of any cause, including brain trauma, drugs or alcohol
- Clinical detected cardiovascular unstability
- Clinical detected respiratory depression
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Determination of Analgesic Equipotent Doses of Inhaled Metoxyflurane vs. Intravenous Fentanyl Using Cold Pressor Test (CPT) in Volunteers: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study.
The aim of this study is to determinate the equipotent doses of inhaled metoxyflurane vs. intravenous fentanyl.
Read the detailed description
Traumatized patients frequently experience pain prehospital due to the fear of adverse cardiovascular effects (e.g. hypotension) and respiration depression of opioid treatment, leading to insufficient analgesia. Therefore, there is of interest to investigate other analgesics that do not have these adverse effects.
In Norway, methoxyflurane has been approved for the emergency relief of moderate to severe trauma pain in conscious adult patients. Metoxyflurane (Penthrox®) do not have these adverse effects (hypotension and respiration depression). It is easy to administrate via an inhalator, and is therefore suitable for use prehospital. This would possible help to treat pain better prehospital.
There exists no data of how effective metoxyflurane is as an analgesic compared to an opioid. The aim of this study is to determinate the equipotent doses of inhaled metoxyflurane vs. intravenous fentanyl.
Ten healthy volunteers (18 - 64 years) will be enrolled in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study using a standard experimental pain model: CPT- Cold pressor test (ice water). Our group has used this experimental pain model in earlier studies and a crossover study is suitable to compare different drugs.
Possible side effects will be recorded for both metoxyflurane and fentanyl: sedation, dizziness, itching, nausea and vomiting. Respiration frequency and non-invasive blood pressure will be recorded every as possible low blood pressure or respiration depression can occur.
The aim of this study is to determinate equipotent doses of inhaled metoxyflurane vs. intravenous fentanyl. We have chosen to compare with fentanyl (the comparator) because it is a well-known drug in clinical practice for acute pain treatment. In addition, both drugs have a fast onset (minutes) and the analgesic effect last for approximately the same time interval (20-30 min). Therefore, they are comparable in a clinical setting.
There exists no exact data of equipotent doses between metoxyflurane and fentanyl, only retrospective clinical data. One retrospective study compared intranasal fentanyl with inhaled metoxyflurane for visceral pain prehospital in 1024 patients. The initial dose of fentanyl was 0.018 mg and the total mean dose at hospital arrival was 0.036 mg. In the metoxyflurane group 51.9% received 3 ml, a second dose was used in 41.9% and 6.2% received a third dose. Metoxyflurane produced the greatest initial pain scores reduction, and intranasal fentanyl provided greater pain reduction by hospital arrival.
From these data we have chosen two doses of fentanyl to be compared with 3 ml Penthrox: 0.025 mg and 0.05 mg intravenous. Both drugs will also be compared to placebo (NaCl 9 mg/ml).
- Conditions
- Acute Pain, Trauma, Hypovolemia
- Being tested
- Methoxyflurane (M), Fentanyl (F1), Fentanyl (F2), NaCl (C)
- Keywords
- metoxyflurane, pain, fentanyl, cold pressor test
- Medical subject headings
- Acute Pain, Wounds and Injuries, Hypovolemia, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Methoxyflurane (M)Drug
Also called NaCl
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention inhalation of metoxyflurane 3 ml and NaCl i.v. will be administered.(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session.
Fentanyl (F1)Drug
Also called NaCl (C)
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention fentanyl 0.025 mg i.v. and NaCl for inhalation will be administered(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session.
Fentanyl (F2)Drug
Also called NaCl (C)
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention fentanyl 0.05 mg i.v. and NaCl for inhalation will be administered.(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session.
NaCl (C)Drug
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention NaCl i.v. and NaCl inhal will be used - placebo(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Methoxyflurane (M) | Active comparator | A session starts with a CPT - cold pressor test (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of NaCl intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale metoxyflurane through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero.
At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed.
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs. Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. Receives: Drug: Methoxyflurane (M); Drug: NaCl (C) |
| Fentanyl (F1) | Active comparator | A session starts with a CPT (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of fentanyl 0.025 mg intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale NaCl through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero.
At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed.
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs.Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. Receives: Drug: Fentanyl (F1); Drug: NaCl (C) |
| Fentanyl (F2) | Active comparator | A session starts with a CPT (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of fentanyl 0.05 mg intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale NaCl through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero.
At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed.
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs. Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. Receives: Drug: Fentanyl (F2); Drug: NaCl (C) |
| NaCl (C) | Placebo comparator | A session starts with a CPT (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of NaCl intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale NaCl through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero.
At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed.
The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs. Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. Receives: Drug: NaCl (C) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
NRS (numeric rating scale) scores during the second CPT, which starts 5 minutes after drug administration and lasts for 90 seconds. NRS is a scale from 0 to 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain imaginable.
NRS (numeric rating scale) scores during CPT (Cold pressor test) 5 minutes after drug administration. The CPT lasts for 90 seconds. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10. second during the CPT.
Measured: 90 seconds
Secondary outcomes (1)
NRS (numeric rating scale) scores during the second CPT, which starts 20 minutes after drug administration and lasts for 90 seconds. This is a scale from 0 to 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain imaginable.
NRS scores during CPT (Cold pressor test) 20 minutes after drug administration (15 minutes after last CPT).The CPT lasts for 90 seconds. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10. second during the CPT.
Measured: 90 seconds
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Mar 2019
- Study start23 Apr 2019
- Primary completion29 Oct 2019
- Study completion29 Oct 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Acute PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Oslo University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- This is a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Oslo University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Harald Lenz, Oslo University Hospital
- Investigators
- Harald Lenz, Phd, Principal investigator, Oslo University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03894800
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2018-0910-3
- Other IDs
- 2018-003939-30, 2018
- Status last verified
- Nov 2019
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2019
- Last updated
- 19 Nov 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Albrecht E, Taffe P, Yersin B, Schoettker P, Decosterd I, Hugli O. Undertreatment of acute pain (oligoanalgesia) and medical practice variation in prehospital analgesia of adult trauma patients: a 10 yr retrospective study. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Jan;110(1):96-106. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes355. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
PubMed 23059961Neighbor ML, Honner S, Kohn MA. Factors affecting emergency department opioid administration to severely injured patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2004 Dec;11(12):1290-6. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2004.07.014.
PubMed 15576519Stephen CR. Clinical applications of methoxyflurane. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1966;24:215-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1966.tb01127.x. No abstract available.
PubMed 6003600Mazze RI. Methoxyflurane revisited: tale of an anesthetic from cradle to grave. Anesthesiology. 2006 Oct;105(4):843-6. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031.
PubMed 17006084Grindlay J, Babl FE. Review article: Efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane analgesia in the emergency department and prehospital setting. Emerg Med Australas. 2009 Feb;21(1):4-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01153.x.
PubMed 19254307Rosen M, Latto P, Asscher AW. Kidney function after methoxyflurane analgesia during labour. Br Med J. 1972 Jan 8;1(5792):81-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5792.81.
PubMed 5007074Clark RB, Beard AG, Thompson DS. Renal function in newborns and mothers exposed to methoxyflurane analgesia for labor and delivery. Anesthesiology. 1979 Nov;51(5):464-6. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197911000-00020. No abstract available.
PubMed 496064Lenz H, Hoiseth LO, Comelon M, Draegni T, Rosseland LA. Determination of equi-analgesic doses of inhaled methoxyflurane versus intravenous fentanyl using the cold pressor test in volunteers: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. Br J Anaesth. 2021 May;126(5):1038-1045. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.12.045. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
PubMed 33676727
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Nov 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Determination of Analgesic Equipotent Doses of Inhaled Metoxyflurane vs. Intravenous Fentanyl Using Cold Pressor Test (CPT) in Volunteers: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03894800
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2018-0910-3
- Conditions
- Acute Pain, Trauma, Hypovolemia
- Keywords
- metoxyflurane, pain, fentanyl, cold pressor test
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Oslo University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Apr 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 29 Oct 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 29 Oct 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Mar 2019 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to determinate the equipotent doses of inhaled metoxyflurane vs. intravenous fentanyl.
Detailed description
Traumatized patients frequently experience pain prehospital due to the fear of adverse cardiovascular effects (e.g. hypotension) and respiration depression of opioid treatment, leading to insufficient analgesia. Therefore, there is of interest to investigate other analgesics that do not have these adverse effects.
In Norway, methoxyflurane has been approved for the emergency relief of moderate to severe trauma pain in conscious adult patients. Metoxyflurane (Penthrox®) do not have these adverse effects (hypotension and respiration depression). It is easy to administrate via an inhalator, and is therefore suitable for use prehospital. This would possible help to treat pain better prehospital.
There exists no data of how effective metoxyflurane is as an analgesic compared to an opioid. The aim of this study is to determinate the equipotent doses of inhaled metoxyflurane vs. intravenous fentanyl.
Ten healthy volunteers (18 - 64 years) will be enrolled in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study using a standard experimental pain model: CPT- Cold pressor test (ice water). Our group has used this experimental pain model in earlier studies and a crossover study is suitable to compare different drugs.
Possible side effects will be recorded for both metoxyflurane and fentanyl: sedation, dizziness, itching, nausea and vomiting. Respiration frequency and non-invasive blood pressure will be recorded every as possible low blood pressure or respiration depression can occur.
The aim of this study is to determinate equipotent doses of inhaled metoxyflurane vs. intravenous fentanyl. We have chosen to compare with fentanyl (the comparator) because it is a well-known drug in clinical practice for acute pain treatment. In addition, both drugs have a fast onset (minutes) and the analgesic effect last for approximately the same time interval (20-30 min). Therefore, they are comparable in a clinical setting.
There exists no exact data of equipotent doses between metoxyflurane and fentanyl, only retrospective clinical data. One retrospective study compared intranasal fentanyl with inhaled metoxyflurane for visceral pain prehospital in 1024 patients. The initial dose of fentanyl was 0.018 mg and the total mean dose at hospital arrival was 0.036 mg. In the metoxyflurane group 51.9% received 3 ml, a second dose was used in 41.9% and 6.2% received a third dose. Metoxyflurane produced the greatest initial pain scores reduction, and intranasal fentanyl provided greater pain reduction by hospital arrival.
From these data we have chosen two doses of fentanyl to be compared with 3 ml Penthrox: 0.025 mg and 0.05 mg intravenous. Both drugs will also be compared to placebo (NaCl 9 mg/ml).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- This is a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Methoxyflurane (M) | Active comparator | Drug: Methoxyflurane (M), Drug: NaCl (C)A session starts with a CPT - cold pressor test (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of NaCl intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale metoxyflurane through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero. At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed. The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs. Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. |
| Fentanyl (F1) | Active comparator | Drug: Fentanyl (F1), Drug: NaCl (C)A session starts with a CPT (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of fentanyl 0.025 mg intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale NaCl through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero. At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed. The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs.Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. |
| Fentanyl (F2) | Active comparator | Drug: Fentanyl (F2), Drug: NaCl (C)A session starts with a CPT (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of fentanyl 0.05 mg intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale NaCl through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero. At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed. The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs. Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. |
| NaCl (C) | Placebo comparator | Drug: NaCl (C)A session starts with a CPT (time -15 minutes). Then a 10 minutes rest before the subject receives a syringe of NaCl intravenous (time -5 minutes). At the same time the subject begin to inhale NaCl through the inhalator. The subject should first take 10 breath through the inhalator. This will take approximately 1-1.5 minutes. The subject then take a break, and then inhale the rest of the dosage before time zero. At time zero a new CPT will be performed. At time 15 minutes the last CPT will be performed. The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs. Each test lasts up to 90 seconds and endpoints are NRS scores every 10 second. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 64 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Healthy volunteers
- Age 18 - 64
- Both sex
- No chronic disease
- No regular medication
Key exclusion criteria (28 listed)
- Use of pain medication the last 2 days before a session
- Use of complementary medicine the last 2 days before a session
- Use of regular medication
- Previous substance abuse
- Pregnancy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Methoxyflurane (M)Also: NaClThe subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention inhalation of metoxyflurane 3 ml and NaCl i.v. will be administered.(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session. | Drug | Methoxyflurane (M) |
| Fentanyl (F1)Also: NaCl (C)The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention fentanyl 0.025 mg i.v. and NaCl for inhalation will be administered(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session. | Drug | Fentanyl (F1) |
| Fentanyl (F2)Also: NaCl (C)The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention fentanyl 0.05 mg i.v. and NaCl for inhalation will be administered.(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session. | Drug | Fentanyl (F2) |
| NaCl (C)The subjects will undergo CPT (cold pressor test) to determine the analgesic effect of the drugs, in this intervention NaCl i.v. and NaCl inhal will be used - placebo(13,14) The CPT will be conducted using a temperature-controlled bath with circulating 3°C water (FP 45-HE Refrigerated/Heating Circulator, Julabo Labortechnic, 77960 Seelback, Germany). The subjects submerge their right hand to the wrist with fingers abducted for up to 90 s. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10 s.This test will be performed 3 times for each session. | Drug | Fentanyl (F1), Fentanyl (F2), Methoxyflurane (M), NaCl (C) |
Primary outcome
NRS (numeric rating scale) scores during the second CPT, which starts 5 minutes after drug administration and lasts for 90 seconds. NRS is a scale from 0 to 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: 90 seconds
NRS (numeric rating scale) scores during CPT (Cold pressor test) 5 minutes after drug administration. The CPT lasts for 90 seconds. The endpoints are NRS scores every 10. second during the CPT.
1 secondary outcome
NRS (numeric rating scale) scores during the second CPT, which starts 20 minutes after drug administration and lasts for 90 seconds. This is a scale from 0 to 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain imaginable.
Time frame: 90 seconds
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Nov 2019.
- Results publication: PubMed 23059961Albrecht E, Taffe P, Yersin B, Schoettker P, Decosterd I, Hugli O. Undertreatment of acute pain (oligoanalgesia) and medical practice variation in prehospital analgesia of adult trauma patients: a 10 yr retrospective study. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Jan;110(1):96-106. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes355. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 15576519Neighbor ML, Honner S, Kohn MA. Factors affecting emergency department opioid administration to severely injured patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2004 Dec;11(12):1290-6. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2004.07.014.
- Results publication: PubMed 6003600Stephen CR. Clinical applications of methoxyflurane. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1966;24:215-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1966.tb01127.x. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 17006084Mazze RI. Methoxyflurane revisited: tale of an anesthetic from cradle to grave. Anesthesiology. 2006 Oct;105(4):843-6. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031.
- Results publication: PubMed 19254307Grindlay J, Babl FE. Review article: Efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane analgesia in the emergency department and prehospital setting. Emerg Med Australas. 2009 Feb;21(1):4-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01153.x.
- Results publication: PubMed 5007074Rosen M, Latto P, Asscher AW. Kidney function after methoxyflurane analgesia during labour. Br Med J. 1972 Jan 8;1(5792):81-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5792.81.
- Results publication: PubMed 496064Clark RB, Beard AG, Thompson DS. Renal function in newborns and mothers exposed to methoxyflurane analgesia for labor and delivery. Anesthesiology. 1979 Nov;51(5):464-6. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197911000-00020. No abstract available.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33676727Lenz H, Hoiseth LO, Comelon M, Draegni T, Rosseland LA. Determination of equi-analgesic doses of inhaled methoxyflurane versus intravenous fentanyl using the cold pressor test in volunteers: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. Br J Anaesth. 2021 May;126(5):1038-1045. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.12.045. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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A Clinical Trial of MK-6916 in Participants With Pain After Bunion Removal Surgery (MK-6916-007)
Pain Management
Not yet recruitingPhase 2
Investigating the Analgesic Potential of (2R,6R)-HNK in Acute Pain in Healthy Volunteers
Healthy Volunteers
Not yet recruiting
Post-operative Pain and Clinical Outcome After Single-cone Obturation With a Calcium Silicate-based Versus Epoxy Resin Sealer
Post Operative Pain, Acute, Irreversible Pulpitis (Toothache)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Harald Lenz, Phd principal investigator
Oslo University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Methoxyflurane (M), Fentanyl (F1) and Fentanyl (F2) in people with Acute Pain and Trauma, run by Oslo University Hospital at 1 site in Norway.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 28 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Nov 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Norway. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
NRS (numeric rating scale) scores during the second CPT, which starts 5 minutes after drug administration and lasts for 90 seconds. NRS is a scale from 0 to 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain imaginable. (time frame: 90 seconds). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03894800, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Nov 2019.