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Diabetes, GestationalNCT03790579

Dietary Acid Load During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

An observational study of Diabetes, Gestational and Dietary Habits, run by Hacettepe University.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Dietary habits resembling Western style, rich in animal protein and poor in fruit and vegetables, increase the body acid load, a predictor of type 2 diabetes risk. Recently, the studies related to relationships between dietary acid load and insulin resistance has become a growing interest but there are only a few… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 21 to 41 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Diabetes, Gestational, Dietary Habits
How many people
80 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
5 Jan 2014to 5 Oct 2014
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 21 to 41 years
  • Women only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Study population: In this observational cross-sectional study, 40 women with GDM and 40 healthy pregnant between 21-41 years in age, in their 24-28th gestational week applied to Gulhane Education and Research Hospital were recruited. This study must recruit 40 women for each group to have 80% study power with 5% type I error level to detect a clinically significant difference.

Who may be able to join

  • Singleton pregnancy,
  • Aged in 20-40 years,
  • Gestational age 24-28 weeks,
  • Non-history of acute or chronic diseases.

Who cannot join

  • History of GDM,
  • Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus,
  • Preeclampsia,
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome,
  • Thyroid disease
  • Parathyroid disease,
Show all 11Show fewer
  • Metabolic bone disease,
  • Kidney disease,
  • Abnormal liver function,
  • Multiple pregnancy
  • Extreme values of energy intake in their dietary records (<1500 and >4000 kkal).

About this study

Official title: Is There Any Effect of Maternal Dietary Acid Load During Pregnancy on Arising Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

Dietary habits resembling Western style, rich in animal protein and poor in fruit and vegetables, increase the body acid load, a predictor of type 2 diabetes risk. Recently, the studies related to relationships between dietary acid load and insulin resistance has become a growing interest but there are only a few study conducted with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between dietary acid load in second trimester, blood lipid profiles and GDM.

Read the detailed description

This cross-sectional study conducted with 40 women with GDM diagnosed with two-step 100g oral glucose tolerance test and 40 healthy women, aged 21-41 years, between weeks of 14-28 of pregnancy, who attended the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Gulhane Training and Research Hospital. Participants with polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic diseases, pre-GDM, or multiple pregnancies were excluded. Sociodemographic information was recorded via questionnaire and anthropometrics of women were measured.

Blood samples were taken after an overnight fasting. Dietary information was obtained by mean intakes of a 3-day food records (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) and analyzed via nutrition analysis software. According to the data obtained from software analysis, animal protein (g/day) to potassium (g/day) ratio (AP/K), potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/day) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP; mEq/day) were calculated from established algorithms to estimate dietary acid load. All nutrients were age and energy- adjusted before being introduced into the equation and tertiles of the scores were used for statistical analysis. ANOVA, ANCOVA and Logistic regression test were used. The study plan was approved by the Hospital\&#39;s Ethics Committee.

Keywords
Gestational diabetes mellitus, Dietary acid load, Pregnancy
Medical subject headings
Diabetes, Gestational, Feeding Behavior

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT03790579
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Women with gestational diabetesWe randomly selected the 40 pregnant women diagnosed GDM by two-step procedure based on Carpenter-Coustan criteria at this hospital. The diagnosis of GDM was confirmed if at least 2 of 4 glucose levels exceed based on Carpenter-Coustan criteria: fasting ≥ 95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L), 1 hour ≥ 180 mg/dL ( 10.0 mmol/L), 2 hour ≥ 155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L), and 3 hour ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L).
Healthy womenWe also randomly selected 40 healthy pregnant with normal serum glucose levels ≤129 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) after GCT.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Dietary acid load

    According to the data obtained from software analysis, animal protein (g/day) to potassium (g/day) ratio (AP/K), potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/day) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP; mEq/day) were calculated from established algorithms to estimate dietary acid load.

    Measured: 24-28. weeks of pregnancy

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted31 Dec 2018
  2. Study start5 Jan 2014
  3. Primary completion5 Sep 2014
  4. Study completion5 Oct 2014

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrolment
80 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03790579
Sponsor's protocol ID
Hacettepe Nutrition
Status last verified
Dec 2018
First submitted
28 Dec 2018
Last updated
2 Jan 2019
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Della Guardia L, Thomas MA, Cena H. Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis Can Be Influenced by Metabolic Acid Load. Nutrients. 2018 May 15;10(5):618. doi: 10.3390/nu10050618.

    PubMed 29762478

  • Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary acid load and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018 Feb;23:10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.12.005. Epub 2017 Dec 23.

    PubMed 29460782

  • Williams RS, Kozan P, Samocha-Bonet D. The role of dietary acid load and mild metabolic acidosis in insulin resistance in humans. Biochimie. 2016 May;124:171-177. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.012. Epub 2015 Sep 10.

    PubMed 26363101

  • Gaede J, Nielsen T, Madsen ML, Toft U, Jorgensen T, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Hansen T, Allin KH, Pedersen O. Population-based studies of relationships between dietary acidity load, insulin resistance and incident diabetes in Danes. Nutr J. 2018 Oct 6;17(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0395-1.

    PubMed 30292239

  • Saraf-Bank S, Tehrani H, Haghighatdoost F, Moosavian SP, Azadbakht L. The acidity of early pregnancy diet and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr. 2018 Dec;37(6 Pt A):2054-2059. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.020. Epub 2017 Oct 3.

    PubMed 29054469

  • Miki A, Hashimoto Y, Tanaka M, Kobayashi Y, Wada S, Kuwahata M, Kido Y, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Urinary pH reflects dietary acid load in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2017 Jul;61(1):74-77. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.16-118. Epub 2017 Jul 1.

    PubMed 28751813

  • Kiefte-de Jong JC, Li Y, Chen M, Curhan GC, Mattei J, Malik VS, Forman JP, Franco OH, Hu FB. Diet-dependent acid load and type 2 diabetes: pooled results from three prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia. 2017 Feb;60(2):270-279. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4153-7. Epub 2016 Nov 17.

    PubMed 27858141

  • Williams RS, Heilbronn LK, Chen DL, Coster AC, Greenfield JR, Samocha-Bonet D. Dietary acid load, metabolic acidosis and insulin resistance - Lessons from cross-sectional and overfeeding studies in humans. Clin Nutr. 2016 Oct;35(5):1084-90. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Aug 12.

    PubMed 26299332

  • Akter S, Eguchi M, Kuwahara K, Kochi T, Ito R, Kurotani K, Tsuruoka H, Nanri A, Kabe I, Mizoue T. High dietary acid load is associated with insulin resistance: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Clin Nutr. 2016 Apr;35(2):453-459. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Mar 27.

    PubMed 25863769

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Diabetes, Gestational and Dietary Habits, run by Hacettepe University.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jan 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Dietary acid load (time frame: 24-28. weeks of pregnancy). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03790579, which also lists 9 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jan 2019.

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