Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus SyndromePhase 4NCT03767660
Efficacy of Rapamycin (Sirolimus) in the Treatment of BRBNS, Hereditary or Sporadic Venous Malformation
A Phase 4 study testing Rapamycin in people with Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome and Venous Malformation, run by Peking Union Medical College Hospital at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
A prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to study efficacy of rapamycin (sirolimus) in the treatment of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, hereditary or sporadic venous malformation Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age
- Conditions the study is for
- Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, Venous Malformation
- What is being tested?
- Rapamycin
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 31 Jul 2018to 1 Jul 2022
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients diagnosed with BRBNS, VMCM, sporadic multiple VM, or large single VM;
- Age and gender are not limited;
- Physical status ECOG 0~3;
- Organ function is good, biochemical examination meets the following conditions: AST ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal value (ULN), ALT ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal value (ULN), serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × upper limit of normal value (ULN), creatinine ≤ 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN);
- Patients volunteer to participate in the trial and sign the informed consent form by the participant or his/her legal guardian.
Who cannot join
- Patients need emergency surgery due to intestinal obstruction, intussusception, or gastrointestinal bleeding;
- History of surgery within 1 month;
- allergic to rapamycin;
- Any disease or condition that may affect the study implementation or result interpretation, including: known hemoglobinopathy, suffering from gastrointestinal infections at the same time, severe heart, liver, kidney and other serious concomitant diseases that may endanger lives
- Pregnant or lactating women;
- Alcohol or drugs (eg, laxatives) abusers;
Show all 16Show fewer
- Participating in another clinical trial that may affect this study within one month;
- Being believed not suitable to be enrolled by the investigator for other reasons.
- Exit Criteria:
- An allergic reaction to rapamycin occurs.
- The patient requests withdrawal: at his own discretion or at the request of his legal representative. Subjects may refuse to participate in further studies at any time without reasons. Subjects will not be affected because of such decision.
- Subjects are required to withdraw from the study in certain special circumstances (eg, there is significant issues of compliance, safety, or surgical intervention for the disease)
- Other situations in which the study must be terminated. For example, the investigators believe that continuing the study may be harmful to the health of subjects.
- Rejection Criteria:
- Patients who violate the requirements of the test protocol
- Patients with poor recording (with incomplete, or inaccurate data)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
China1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, 100000
Jiaolin Zhou, MD, 13910136704, conniezhjl@163.com
About this study
Official title: Efficacy of Rapamycin (Sirolimus) in the Treatment of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary or Sporadic Venous Malformation
A prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to study efficacy of rapamycin (sirolimus) in the treatment of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, hereditary or sporadic venous malformation
Read the detailed description
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) and venous malformation are mainly caused by somatic mutation of TEK and PIK3CA, which activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. As an important protein kinase downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway, mTOR can serve as a potential therapeutic target for BRBNS. Experiments of mice have shown that rapamycin inhibited the progression of venous malformation lesions. There are a few human cases reported using rapamycin treatment. The investigator's study is designed to be a prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to investigate its efficacy and safety.
- Being tested
- Rapamycin
- Keywords
- Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, Venous Malformation, Rapamycin (sirolimus), Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, Treatment
- Medical subject headings
- Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
RapamycinDrug
Also called Sirolimus
For children: rapamycin, 1 mg per square meter of body surface area a day, orally, for at least 6 months For adults: rapamycin, 2 mg a day, orally, for at least 6 months
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Rapamycin | Experimental | For children: rapamycin, 1 mg per square meter of body surface area a day, orally, for at least 6 months For adults: rapamycin, 2 mg a day, orally, for at least 6 months Receives: Drug: Rapamycin |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total venous malformation lesion load
lesion load (cm2) = A + B + C. A = sum of the product of maximum diameter and maximum height of the largest 3 lesions shown by chest, abdomen and pelvis MRI or small bowel CT reconstruction (in cm2) B = sum of the product of maximum diameter and maximum height of the largest 3 lesions shown by digestive endoscope (in cm2) C = sum of the product of maximum diameter and maximum height of the largest 3 lesions shown by ultrasound (in cm2) Remarks: 1. If it is impossible to evaluate 3 or more lesions, results of the actual number of lesions should be taken as valid; 2. Lesions evaluated should be correspondent before and after treatment. If the lesion is difficult to assess after treatment, it should be ruled out from the assessment.
Measured: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Secondary outcomes (4)
Amount of daily oral iron supplements
The value indicates the amount of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Measured: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Concentration of hemoglobin in blood
The value indicates the amount of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Measured: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Frequency of blood transfusion
The value indicates the amount of gastrointestinal bleeding
Measured: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Concentration of D-dimer in blood
The value indicates the extent of local coagulation caused by Venous Malformation lesions.
Measured: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Dec 2018
- Study start31 Jul 2018
- Primary completion1 Jan 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jul 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Peking Union Medical College HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Air Force General Hospital of the PLA, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03767660
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HS-1606
- Status last verified
- Dec 2018
- First submitted
- 24 Nov 2018
- Last updated
- 19 Dec 2018
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Soblet J, Kangas J, Natynki M, Mendola A, Helaers R, Uebelhoer M, Kaakinen M, Cordisco M, Dompmartin A, Enjolras O, Holden S, Irvine AD, Kangesu L, Leaute-Labreze C, Lanoel A, Lokmic Z, Maas S, McAleer MA, Penington A, Rieu P, Syed S, van der Vleuten C, Watson R, Fishman SJ, Mulliken JB, Eklund L, Limaye N, Boon LM, Vikkula M. Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus (BRBN) Syndrome Is Caused by Somatic TEK (TIE2) Mutations. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Jan;137(1):207-216. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.034. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
PubMed 27519652Ochiai D, Miyakoshi K, Yakubo K, Fukuiya T, Yoshimura Y. Familial blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in pregnancy with spinal epidural involvement. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2013:141506. doi: 10.1155/2013/141506. Epub 2013 May 9.
PubMed 23762681Carvalho S, Barbosa V, Santos N, Machado E. Blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome: report of a familial case with a dural arteriovenous fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 Oct;24(9):1916-8.
PubMed 14561629Kisu T, Yamaoka K, Uchida Y, Mori H, Nakama T, Hisatsugu T, Miyaji H, Motooka M. A case of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with familial onset. Gastroenterol Jpn. 1986 Jun;21(3):262-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02774569.
PubMed 3732758Jin XL, Wang ZH, Xiao XB, Huang LS, Zhao XY. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: a case report and literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec 7;20(45):17254-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17254.
PubMed 25493043Dobru D, Seuchea N, Dorin M, Careianu V. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: case report and literature review. Rom J Gastroenterol. 2004 Sep;13(3):237-40.
PubMed 15470538Boscolo E, Limaye N, Huang L, Kang KT, Soblet J, Uebelhoer M, Mendola A, Natynki M, Seront E, Dupont S, Hammer J, Legrand C, Brugnara C, Eklund L, Vikkula M, Bischoff J, Boon LM. Rapamycin improves TIE2-mutated venous malformation in murine model and human subjects. J Clin Invest. 2015 Sep;125(9):3491-504. doi: 10.1172/JCI76004. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
PubMed 26258417Cardoso H, Dias JA, Silva M, Vilas-Boas F, Trindade E, Tavares M, Macedo G. 'Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: Successful treatment with sirolimus of a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Mar;31(3):519. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13178. No abstract available.
PubMed 26456887Yuksekkaya H, Ozbek O, Keser M, Toy H. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: successful treatment with sirolimus. Pediatrics. 2012 Apr;129(4):e1080-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3611. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
PubMed 22392180Unlusoy Aksu A, Sari S, Egritas Gurkan O, Dalgic B. Favorable Response to Sirolimus in a Child With Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar;39(2):147-149. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000681.
PubMed 27820137Salloum R, Fox CE, Alvarez-Allende CR, Hammill AM, Dasgupta R, Dickie BH, Mobberley-Schuman P, Wentzel MS, Chute C, Kaul A, Patel M, Merrow AC, Gupta A, Whitworth JR, Adams DM. Response of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome to Sirolimus Treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016 Nov;63(11):1911-4. doi: 10.1002/pbc.26049. Epub 2016 Jun 8.
PubMed 27273326Moavero R, Coniglio A, Garaci F, Curatolo P. Is mTOR inhibition a systemic treatment for tuberous sclerosis? Ital J Pediatr. 2013 Sep 17;39:57. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-57.
PubMed 24044547McCormack FX, Inoue Y, Moss J, Singer LG, Strange C, Nakata K, Barker AF, Chapman JT, Brantly ML, Stocks JM, Brown KK, Lynch JP 3rd, Goldberg HJ, Young LR, Kinder BW, Downey GP, Sullivan EJ, Colby TV, McKay RT, Cohen MM, Korbee L, Taveira-DaSilva AM, Lee HS, Krischer JP, Trapnell BC; National Institutes of Health Rare Lung Diseases Consortium; MILES Trial Group. Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Apr 28;364(17):1595-606. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1100391. Epub 2011 Mar 16.
PubMed 21410393Paul E, Thiele E. Efficacy of sirolimus in treating tuberous sclerosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 10;358(2):190-2. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe0707153. No abstract available.
PubMed 18184966Bissler JJ, McCormack FX, Young LR, Elwing JM, Chuck G, Leonard JM, Schmithorst VJ, Laor T, Brody AS, Bean J, Salisbury S, Franz DN. Sirolimus for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 10;358(2):140-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa063564.
PubMed 18184959
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Dec 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of Rapamycin (Sirolimus) in the Treatment of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary or Sporadic Venous Malformation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03767660
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HS-1606
- Keywords
- Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, Venous Malformation, Rapamycin (sirolimus), Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, Treatment
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Peking Union Medical College HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Air Force General Hospital of the PLA, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Study start
- 31 Jul 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jul 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 6 Dec 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to study efficacy of rapamycin (sirolimus) in the treatment of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome, hereditary or sporadic venous malformation
Detailed description
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) and venous malformation are mainly caused by somatic mutation of TEK and PIK3CA, which activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. As an important protein kinase downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway, mTOR can serve as a potential therapeutic target for BRBNS. Experiments of mice have shown that rapamycin inhibited the progression of venous malformation lesions. There are a few human cases reported using rapamycin treatment. The investigator's study is designed to be a prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to investigate its efficacy and safety.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Rapamycin | Experimental | Drug: RapamycinFor children: rapamycin, 1 mg per square meter of body surface area a day, orally, for at least 6 months For adults: rapamycin, 2 mg a day, orally, for at least 6 months |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients diagnosed with BRBNS, VMCM, sporadic multiple VM, or large single VM;
- Age and gender are not limited;
- Physical status ECOG 0~3;
- Organ function is good, biochemical examination meets the following conditions: AST ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal value (ULN), ALT ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal value (ULN), serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × upper limit of normal value (ULN), creatinine ≤ 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN);
- Patients volunteer to participate in the trial and sign the informed consent form by the participant or his/her legal guardian.
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Patients need emergency surgery due to intestinal obstruction, intussusception, or gastrointestinal bleeding;
- History of surgery within 1 month;
- allergic to rapamycin;
- Any disease or condition that may affect the study implementation or result interpretation, including: known hemoglobinopathy, suffering from gastrointestinal infections at the same time, severe heart, liver, kidney and other serious concomitant diseases that may endanger lives
- Pregnant or lactating women;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| RapamycinAlso: SirolimusFor children: rapamycin, 1 mg per square meter of body surface area a day, orally, for at least 6 months For adults: rapamycin, 2 mg a day, orally, for at least 6 months | Drug | Rapamycin |
Primary outcome
Total venous malformation lesion load
Time frame: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
lesion load (cm2) = A + B + C. A = sum of the product of maximum diameter and maximum height of the largest 3 lesions shown by chest, abdomen and pelvis MRI or small bowel CT reconstruction (in cm2) B = sum of the product of maximum diameter and maximum height of the largest 3 lesions shown by digestive endoscope (in cm2) C = sum of the product of maximum diameter and maximum height of the largest 3 lesions shown by ultrasound (in cm2) Remarks: 1. If it is impossible to evaluate 3 or more lesions, results of the actual number of lesions should be taken as valid; 2. Lesions evaluated should be correspondent before and after treatment. If the lesion is difficult to assess after treatment, it should be ruled out from the assessment.
4 secondary outcomes
Amount of daily oral iron supplements
Time frame: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Concentration of hemoglobin in blood
Time frame: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Frequency of blood transfusion
Time frame: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Concentration of D-dimer in blood
Time frame: The time from start of therapy to 1 year
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Dec 2018.
- Background: PubMed 27519652Soblet J, Kangas J, Natynki M, Mendola A, Helaers R, Uebelhoer M, Kaakinen M, Cordisco M, Dompmartin A, Enjolras O, Holden S, Irvine AD, Kangesu L, Leaute-Labreze C, Lanoel A, Lokmic Z, Maas S, McAleer MA, Penington A, Rieu P, Syed S, van der Vleuten C, Watson R, Fishman SJ, Mulliken JB, Eklund L, Limaye N, Boon LM, Vikkula M. Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus (BRBN) Syndrome Is Caused by Somatic TEK (TIE2) Mutations. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Jan;137(1):207-216. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.034. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
- Background: PubMed 23762681Ochiai D, Miyakoshi K, Yakubo K, Fukuiya T, Yoshimura Y. Familial blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in pregnancy with spinal epidural involvement. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2013:141506. doi: 10.1155/2013/141506. Epub 2013 May 9.
- Background: PubMed 14561629Carvalho S, Barbosa V, Santos N, Machado E. Blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome: report of a familial case with a dural arteriovenous fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 Oct;24(9):1916-8.
- Background: PubMed 3732758Kisu T, Yamaoka K, Uchida Y, Mori H, Nakama T, Hisatsugu T, Miyaji H, Motooka M. A case of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with familial onset. Gastroenterol Jpn. 1986 Jun;21(3):262-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02774569.
- Background: PubMed 25493043Jin XL, Wang ZH, Xiao XB, Huang LS, Zhao XY. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: a case report and literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec 7;20(45):17254-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17254.
- Background: PubMed 15470538Dobru D, Seuchea N, Dorin M, Careianu V. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: case report and literature review. Rom J Gastroenterol. 2004 Sep;13(3):237-40.
- Background: PubMed 26258417Boscolo E, Limaye N, Huang L, Kang KT, Soblet J, Uebelhoer M, Mendola A, Natynki M, Seront E, Dupont S, Hammer J, Legrand C, Brugnara C, Eklund L, Vikkula M, Bischoff J, Boon LM. Rapamycin improves TIE2-mutated venous malformation in murine model and human subjects. J Clin Invest. 2015 Sep;125(9):3491-504. doi: 10.1172/JCI76004. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
- Background: PubMed 26456887Cardoso H, Dias JA, Silva M, Vilas-Boas F, Trindade E, Tavares M, Macedo G. 'Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: Successful treatment with sirolimus of a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Mar;31(3):519. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13178. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 22392180Yuksekkaya H, Ozbek O, Keser M, Toy H. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: successful treatment with sirolimus. Pediatrics. 2012 Apr;129(4):e1080-4. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3611. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
- Background: PubMed 27820137Unlusoy Aksu A, Sari S, Egritas Gurkan O, Dalgic B. Favorable Response to Sirolimus in a Child With Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 Mar;39(2):147-149. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000681.
- Background: PubMed 27273326Salloum R, Fox CE, Alvarez-Allende CR, Hammill AM, Dasgupta R, Dickie BH, Mobberley-Schuman P, Wentzel MS, Chute C, Kaul A, Patel M, Merrow AC, Gupta A, Whitworth JR, Adams DM. Response of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome to Sirolimus Treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2016 Nov;63(11):1911-4. doi: 10.1002/pbc.26049. Epub 2016 Jun 8.
- Background: PubMed 24044547Moavero R, Coniglio A, Garaci F, Curatolo P. Is mTOR inhibition a systemic treatment for tuberous sclerosis? Ital J Pediatr. 2013 Sep 17;39:57. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-57.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Rapamycin in people with Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome and Venous Malformation, run by Peking Union Medical College Hospital at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Jiaolin Zhou, MD (13910136704, conniezhjl@yahoo.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total venous malformation lesion load (time frame: The time from start of therapy to 1 year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03767660, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2018.