Parkinson DiseasePhase 2NCT03667404
Resistant Maltodextrin for Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease: Safety and Tolerability Study
A Phase 2 study testing Resistant maltodextrin and maltodextrin in people with Parkinson Disease and Intestinal Bacteria Flora Disturbance, run by Northwestern University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of a dietary fiber, resistant maltodextrin, in people with Parkinson's disease. It will also evaluate the fiber's effect on the gut microbiome and potential effects on motor function and non-motor functions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 60 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Parkinson Disease, Intestinal Bacteria Flora Disturbance, Dietary Modification
- What is being tested?
- Resistant maltodextrin and maltodextrin
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 6 Nov 2018to 31 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 60 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Men and women age ≥60 years
- Diagnosis of PD based on United Kingdom PD brain bank criteria, Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3.
- Stable dose of PD medications for 30 days prior to study and for duration of study
- If used, stable dose of melatonin, sedative/hypnotic or stimulant medications
Who cannot join
- use of other prebiotic or probiotic treatment for 30 days prior to or during the study
- unstable medical or psychiatric disorder
- history of diabetes mellitus or current use of medication for diabetes
- cognitive impairment based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) <25.
- current or recent (within previous 3 weeks) use of laxatives
- use of antibiotics in the past 30 days
- participation in another clinical trial in the past 30 days.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Gut Microbial Remodeling With Resistant Maltodextrin for Motor and Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: Safety and Tolerability Study
This study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of a dietary fiber, resistant maltodextrin, in people with Parkinson's disease. It will also evaluate the fiber's effect on the gut microbiome and potential effects on motor function and non-motor functions. Half of the participants will receive resistant maltodextrin and the other half will receive a control substance, maltodextrin.
Read the detailed description
Intestinal microbiota may play in important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Colonic bacteria play roles in multiple functions including gut motility and secretion of metabolites which can have systemic effects on the body. Recent evidence has shown that people with PD have an altered distribution of gut bacteria that healthy controls. These changes are associated with differences in various metabolites, including butyrate, that are involved in maintaining the gut barrier integrity and even gait and balance function. Microbiota dysbiosis could potentially exacerbate or even contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Probiotic and dietary interventions may improve gut function and the motor symptoms in PD, but neither have been examined for their effect on the gut microbiome. Prebiotic treatments have been shown to order the microbiome in some populations, but have not been assessed for tolerability or efficacy in PD.
The objective of this study is to examine the safety and tolerability of resistant maltodextrin (RM), a prebiotic non-digestible fiber, and its effect on the microbiome and motor in non-motor symptoms and PD. The investigators will conduct a randomized, parallel-group double-blinded controlled trial assessing RM 50 g daily compared to maltodextrin (an easily digestible glucose polysaccharide) over 4 weeks. Patients will be dosed with 25 g daily for 1 week and then titrated to 50 g daily for the remaining 3 weeks.
The goals of this study include: 1) To determine the safety and tolerability of RM compared to maltodextrin in patients with PD; 2) To determine if RM will remodel the gut microbiome in patients with PD; 3) (exploratory) To determine if RM administration will improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD.
- Being tested
- Resistant maltodextrin, maltodextrin
- Keywords
- Resistant maltodextrin, dietary fiber, gut microbiome, Parkinson's disease
- Medical subject headings
- Parkinson Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Resistant maltodextrinDietary supplement
Resistant maltodextrin powder
maltodextrinDietary supplement
maltodextrin powder
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Resistant Maltodextrin | Experimental | Resistant maltodextrin (RM) powder 25 g during days 1-7 and 50g during days 8-28, each dose dissolved in 8 oz of water once daily in the morning. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Resistant maltodextrin |
| Maltodextrin | Placebo comparator | Maltodextrin 25g for days 1-7 and 50 g for days 8-28, each dose dissolved in 8 oz of water once daily in the morning. Receives: Dietary Supplement: maltodextrin |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Adverse events
Adverse event frequency and severity based on diary reports, phone calls, and in-person assessments.
Measured: 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Gut microbial remodeling
Change in fecal butyrate-producing bacteria based on high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the V4 variable region of the microbial 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene.
Measured: 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Sep 2018
- Study start6 Nov 2018
- Primary completion30 Jun 2022
- Study completion31 Oct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (27)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Parkinson DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Northwestern UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Double blind placebo (maltodextrin) controlled randomized trial
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Illinois Chicago
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Roneil Malkani, Northwestern University
- Investigators
- Roneil G Malkani, Principal investigator, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Neurology
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03667404
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STU00207142
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Sep 2018
- Last updated
- 15 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Baer DJ, Stote KS, Henderson T, Paul DR, Okuma K, Tagami H, Kanahori S, Gordon DT, Rumpler WV, Ukhanova M, Culpepper T, Wang X, Mai V. The metabolizable energy of dietary resistant maltodextrin is variable and alters fecal microbiota composition in adult men. J Nutr. 2014 Jul;144(7):1023-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.185298. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
PubMed 24744316Braak H, Rub U, Gai WP, Del Tredici K. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2003 May;110(5):517-36. doi: 10.1007/s00702-002-0808-2.
PubMed 12721813Cassani E, Privitera G, Pezzoli G, Pusani C, Madio C, Iorio L, Barichella M. Use of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in Parkinson's disease patients. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2011 Jun;57(2):117-21.
PubMed 21587143Fastinger ND, Karr-Lilienthal LK, Spears JK, Swanson KS, Zinn KE, Nava GM, Ohkuma K, Kanahori S, Gordon DT, Fahey GC Jr. A novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Apr;27(2):356-66. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719712.
PubMed 18689571Forsyth CB, Shannon KM, Kordower JH, Voigt RM, Shaikh M, Jaglin JA, Estes JD, Dodiya HB, Keshavarzian A. Increased intestinal permeability correlates with sigmoid mucosa alpha-synuclein staining and endotoxin exposure markers in early Parkinson's disease. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028032. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
PubMed 22145021Hawkes CH, Del Tredici K, Braak H. Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2007 Dec;33(6):599-614. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x. Epub 2007 Oct 24.
PubMed 17961138He B, Nohara K, Ajami NJ, Michalek RD, Tian X, Wong M, Losee-Olson SH, Petrosino JF, Yoo SH, Shimomura K, Chen Z. Transmissible microbial and metabolomic remodeling by soluble dietary fiber improves metabolic homeostasis. Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 4;5:10604. doi: 10.1038/srep10604.
PubMed 26040234Holmqvist S, Chutna O, Bousset L, Aldrin-Kirk P, Li W, Bjorklund T, Wang ZY, Roybon L, Melki R, Li JY. Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats. Acta Neuropathol. 2014 Dec;128(6):805-20. doi: 10.1007/s00401-014-1343-6. Epub 2014 Oct 9.
PubMed 25296989Keshavarzian A, Green SJ, Engen PA, Voigt RM, Naqib A, Forsyth CB, Mutlu E, Shannon KM. Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015 Sep;30(10):1351-60. doi: 10.1002/mds.26307. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
PubMed 26179554Kishimoto Y, Kanahori S, Sakano K, Ebihara S. The maximum single dose of resistant maltodextrin that does not cause diarrhea in humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2013;59(4):352-7. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.59.352.
PubMed 24064737Lee A, Gilbert RM. Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease. Neurol Clin. 2016 Nov;34(4):955-965. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.012. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
PubMed 27720003Li S, Wang Y, Wang F, Hu LF, Liu CF. A New Perspective for Parkinson's Disease: Circadian Rhythm. Neurosci Bull. 2017 Feb;33(1):62-72. doi: 10.1007/s12264-016-0089-7. Epub 2016 Dec 19.
PubMed 27995565Martinez-Martin P. The importance of non-motor disturbances to quality of life in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. 2011 Nov 15;310(1-2):12-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.05.006. Epub 2011 May 31.
PubMed 21621226Miyazato S, Kishimoto Y, Takahashi K, Kaminogawa S, Hosono A. Continuous intake of resistant maltodextrin enhanced intestinal immune response through changes in the intestinal environment in mice. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2016;35(1):1-7. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-009. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
PubMed 26858925Nagahara AH, Tuszynski MH. Potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011 Mar;10(3):209-19. doi: 10.1038/nrd3366.
PubMed 21358740
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Gut Microbial Remodeling With Resistant Maltodextrin for Motor and Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: Safety and Tolerability Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03667404
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STU00207142
- Keywords
- Resistant maltodextrin, dietary fiber, gut microbiome, Parkinson's disease
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Illinois Chicago
- Study start
- 6 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 12 Sep 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of a dietary fiber, resistant maltodextrin, in people with Parkinson's disease. It will also evaluate the fiber's effect on the gut microbiome and potential effects on motor function and non-motor functions. Half of the participants will receive resistant maltodextrin and the other half will receive a control substance, maltodextrin.
Detailed description
Intestinal microbiota may play in important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Colonic bacteria play roles in multiple functions including gut motility and secretion of metabolites which can have systemic effects on the body. Recent evidence has shown that people with PD have an altered distribution of gut bacteria that healthy controls. These changes are associated with differences in various metabolites, including butyrate, that are involved in maintaining the gut barrier integrity and even gait and balance function. Microbiota dysbiosis could potentially exacerbate or even contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Probiotic and dietary interventions may improve gut function and the motor symptoms in PD, but neither have been examined for their effect on the gut microbiome. Prebiotic treatments have been shown to order the microbiome in some populations, but have not been assessed for tolerability or efficacy in PD.
The objective of this study is to examine the safety and tolerability of resistant maltodextrin (RM), a prebiotic non-digestible fiber, and its effect on the microbiome and motor in non-motor symptoms and PD. The investigators will conduct a randomized, parallel-group double-blinded controlled trial assessing RM 50 g daily compared to maltodextrin (an easily digestible glucose polysaccharide) over 4 weeks. Patients will be dosed with 25 g daily for 1 week and then titrated to 50 g daily for the remaining 3 weeks.
The goals of this study include: 1) To determine the safety and tolerability of RM compared to maltodextrin in patients with PD; 2) To determine if RM will remodel the gut microbiome in patients with PD; 3) (exploratory) To determine if RM administration will improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Double blind placebo (maltodextrin) controlled randomized trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Resistant Maltodextrin | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Resistant maltodextrinResistant maltodextrin (RM) powder 25 g during days 1-7 and 50g during days 8-28, each dose dissolved in 8 oz of water once daily in the morning. |
| Maltodextrin | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: maltodextrinMaltodextrin 25g for days 1-7 and 50 g for days 8-28, each dose dissolved in 8 oz of water once daily in the morning. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 60 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Men and women age ≥60 years
- Diagnosis of PD based on United Kingdom PD brain bank criteria, Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3.
- Stable dose of PD medications for 30 days prior to study and for duration of study
- If used, stable dose of melatonin, sedative/hypnotic or stimulant medications
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- use of other prebiotic or probiotic treatment for 30 days prior to or during the study
- unstable medical or psychiatric disorder
- history of diabetes mellitus or current use of medication for diabetes
- cognitive impairment based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) <25.
- current or recent (within previous 3 weeks) use of laxatives
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Resistant maltodextrinResistant maltodextrin powder | Dietary supplement | Resistant Maltodextrin |
| maltodextrinmaltodextrin powder | Dietary supplement | Maltodextrin |
Primary outcome
Adverse events
Time frame: 4 weeks
Adverse event frequency and severity based on diary reports, phone calls, and in-person assessments.
1 secondary outcome
Gut microbial remodeling
Time frame: 4 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Apr 2026.
- Background: PubMed 24744316Baer DJ, Stote KS, Henderson T, Paul DR, Okuma K, Tagami H, Kanahori S, Gordon DT, Rumpler WV, Ukhanova M, Culpepper T, Wang X, Mai V. The metabolizable energy of dietary resistant maltodextrin is variable and alters fecal microbiota composition in adult men. J Nutr. 2014 Jul;144(7):1023-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.185298. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
- Background: PubMed 12721813Braak H, Rub U, Gai WP, Del Tredici K. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2003 May;110(5):517-36. doi: 10.1007/s00702-002-0808-2.
- Background: PubMed 21587143Cassani E, Privitera G, Pezzoli G, Pusani C, Madio C, Iorio L, Barichella M. Use of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in Parkinson's disease patients. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2011 Jun;57(2):117-21.
- Background: PubMed 18689571Fastinger ND, Karr-Lilienthal LK, Spears JK, Swanson KS, Zinn KE, Nava GM, Ohkuma K, Kanahori S, Gordon DT, Fahey GC Jr. A novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Apr;27(2):356-66. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719712.
- Background: PubMed 22145021Forsyth CB, Shannon KM, Kordower JH, Voigt RM, Shaikh M, Jaglin JA, Estes JD, Dodiya HB, Keshavarzian A. Increased intestinal permeability correlates with sigmoid mucosa alpha-synuclein staining and endotoxin exposure markers in early Parkinson's disease. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028032. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
- Background: PubMed 17961138Hawkes CH, Del Tredici K, Braak H. Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2007 Dec;33(6):599-614. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x. Epub 2007 Oct 24.
- Background: PubMed 26040234He B, Nohara K, Ajami NJ, Michalek RD, Tian X, Wong M, Losee-Olson SH, Petrosino JF, Yoo SH, Shimomura K, Chen Z. Transmissible microbial and metabolomic remodeling by soluble dietary fiber improves metabolic homeostasis. Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 4;5:10604. doi: 10.1038/srep10604.
- Background: PubMed 25296989Holmqvist S, Chutna O, Bousset L, Aldrin-Kirk P, Li W, Bjorklund T, Wang ZY, Roybon L, Melki R, Li JY. Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats. Acta Neuropathol. 2014 Dec;128(6):805-20. doi: 10.1007/s00401-014-1343-6. Epub 2014 Oct 9.
- Background: PubMed 26179554Keshavarzian A, Green SJ, Engen PA, Voigt RM, Naqib A, Forsyth CB, Mutlu E, Shannon KM. Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015 Sep;30(10):1351-60. doi: 10.1002/mds.26307. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
- Background: PubMed 24064737Kishimoto Y, Kanahori S, Sakano K, Ebihara S. The maximum single dose of resistant maltodextrin that does not cause diarrhea in humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2013;59(4):352-7. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.59.352.
- Background: PubMed 27720003Lee A, Gilbert RM. Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease. Neurol Clin. 2016 Nov;34(4):955-965. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.012. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
- Background: PubMed 27995565Li S, Wang Y, Wang F, Hu LF, Liu CF. A New Perspective for Parkinson's Disease: Circadian Rhythm. Neurosci Bull. 2017 Feb;33(1):62-72. doi: 10.1007/s12264-016-0089-7. Epub 2016 Dec 19.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Roneil G Malkani principal investigator
Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Neurology
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Resistant maltodextrin and maltodextrin in people with Parkinson Disease and Intestinal Bacteria Flora Disturbance, run by Northwestern University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Adverse events (time frame: 4 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03667404, which also lists 27 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Apr 2026.