Type 1 Diabetes MellitusNCT03428932

Glycemic Control and the Brain in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

A study testing Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G) in people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, run by Nemours Children's Clinic at 5 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 14 to 17 years
Conditions the study is for: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
What is being tested?: Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G)
Type of treatment: Injection or infusion, Medical device
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 46 participants
Where: 5 sitesUnited States
Study dates: 1 Feb 2018to 1 Jul 2019
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 14 to 17 years
All sexes
No healthy volunteers
Child

Who may be able to join

Be at least 14 and not yet 18 years old
Must have been diagnosed with T1D prior to 5 years old but after 6 months
For those diagnosed prior to 1 year of age, a positive blood test for an antibody marker will be required
Have been born term or near term (≥34 weeks) and weighed more than≥ 2 kg (4.4lbs) at birth
Be in puberty

Who cannot join

History of intellectual disability, language or learning disability identified before diagnosis of diabetes, or enrollment in a self-contained special education program
ADD/ADHD and/or on stimulant medication
Any known genetic or medical problem that could impair brain development
Abnormalities of the brain/nervous system, visual or hearing problem
History of seizures not associated with fever before diabetes diagnosis
Previous inpatient psychiatric treatment
Unable to have a MRI of the head due to having metal: including metal ear tubes, full set of braces in mouth (retainer is acceptable), other appliances, or vascular clip

Trial locations and contacts

5 sites in 1 country.

City, postcode or hospital

5 sites in 1 country

United States5 sites

University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
Nemours Childrens Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida, 32207
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut, 06511
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, 94305
Washington University St. Louis
St Louis, Missouri, 63126

Other trials in United States

About this study

The purpose of this study is to determine if improving diabetes control by better controlling blood sugars, will help improve or normalize brain function as compared to routine diabetes care. We will use either the patient's own insulin routine (injections or insulin pumps) or a closed-loop insulin pump (Medtronic 670G). This system uses a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and an insulin pump to automatically give insulin and may improve control of blood sugars.

Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Being tested: Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G), Standard Care
Keywords: Insulin pump, Closed loop, Brain development, Pediatric, Type 1 Diabetes, MRI, Cognitive development
Medical subject headings: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G)Device
A loaner Medtronic 670G insulin pump, Enlite 3 sensor and GST3C Guardian transmitter will be utilized
Standard CareOther
Subjects will continue on their current treatment (insulin pump or injections), with follow up every 3 months.

Study groups in NCT03428932
Study group	Role	What they receive
Standard Care	Active comparator	Subjects will continue on their current treatment (insulin pump or injections), with follow up every 3 months. Neurocognitive testing and brain MRI/fMRI will be done at enrollment and 6 months. Receives: Other: Standard Care
Closed-Loop	Active comparator	Subjects will transition from their current treatment (insulin pump or injections) onto the Medtronic 670G insulin pump (intervention arm as a comparator) and will have close contact with the study team. Neurocognitive testing and brain MRI/fMRI will be done at enrollment and 6 months. Receives: Device: Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Changes in Gray Matter Volume in the Brain
Trends in total and regional grey matter volume
Measured: 6 months

Secondary outcomes (2)

Changes in Brain Activation (Dorsal Anterior Cingulate, Inferior Frontal Gyrus and/or Parietal Cortex)
Blood Oxygen level diffusion (BOLD) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was measured to assess functional activation occurring during "no-go" relative to "go" trials during a Go/No-Go cognitive task. Parameter estimates for an individual subject are obtained by modeling the subject's BOLD time series at each voxel against the expected BOLD response to a given task. Statistical weights (i.e., parameter estimates of activation strength) are determined based on how closely the observed and expected signals agree for each task condition to create parameter maps over the entire brain. Higher-level parameter estimates are generated via contrasts of the estimates from specific task conditions, which can lead to positive or negative values, depending on the relative activation of the conditions.
Measured: 6 months
Changes in WASI-II Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)
The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence second edition (WASI-II) was used. The WASI-II is composed of four subtests: Block Design, Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning, and Similarities. The WASI-II used in this study produces a Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) score from the Block Design and Matrix Reasoning subtests' age-corrected scaled scores. The index scores are derived from a summation of the comprising scaled scores. The PRI score range is: 50-150. Higher scores mean better outcomes. Change over time in the PRI score is reported in each group.
Measured: 6 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

1 Feb 20181 Jul 2019

First posted12 Feb 2018
Study start1 Feb 2018
Primary completion1 Jul 2019
Study completion1 Jul 2019

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Type 1 Diabetes MellitusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 46 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03428932
Sponsor's protocol ID: 00000766
Status last verified: Jul 2019
First submitted: 24 Jan 2018
Last updated: 16 May 2023
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: Yes
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: Yes
Individual data sharing: Yes: In accordance with the NIH data sharing policy, a de-identified database will be placed in the public domain after the completion of the study. This will be timed if possible with publication of the manuscripts that will result from these studies. In addition, formal requests for data will be accepted and reviewed by the DirecNet Steering Committee. If the request is approved, the Data Coordinating Centers will provide the data in a format mutually agreeable to the requesting party.

Publications

Bjorgaas MR. Cerebral effects of severe hypoglycemia in young people with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2012 Feb;13(1):100-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00803.x. Epub 2011 Jul 25. No abstract available.
PubMed 21790920
Saggar M, Tsalikian E, Mauras N, Mazaika P, White NH, Weinzimer S, Buckingham B, Hershey T, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Compensatory Hyperconnectivity in Developing Brains of Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2017 Mar;66(3):754-762. doi: 10.2337/db16-0414. Epub 2016 Oct 4.
PubMed 27702833
Hosseini SM, Mazaika P, Mauras N, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Tsalikian E, White NH, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Altered Integration of Structural Covariance Networks in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016 Nov;37(11):4034-4046. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23293.
PubMed 27339089
Mazaika PK, Weinzimer SA, Mauras N, Buckingham B, White NH, Tsalikian E, Hershey T, Cato A, Aye T, Fox L, Wilson DM, Tansey MJ, Tamborlane W, Peng D, Raman M, Marzelli M, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Variations in Brain Volume and Growth in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2016 Feb;65(2):476-85. doi: 10.2337/db15-1242. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
PubMed 26512024
Mauras N, Mazaika P, Buckingham B, Weinzimer S, White NH, Tsalikian E, Hershey T, Cato A, Cheng P, Kollman C, Beck RW, Ruedy K, Aye T, Fox L, Arbelaez AM, Wilson D, Tansey M, Tamborlane W, Peng D, Marzelli M, Winer KK, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Longitudinal assessment of neuroanatomical and cognitive differences in young children with type 1 diabetes: association with hyperglycemia. Diabetes. 2015 May;64(5):1770-9. doi: 10.2337/db14-1445. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
PubMed 25488901
Cato MA, Mauras N, Ambrosino J, Bondurant A, Conrad AL, Kollman C, Cheng P, Beck RW, Ruedy KJ, Aye T, Reiss AL, White NH, Hershey T; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Cognitive functioning in young children with type 1 diabetes. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014 Feb;20(2):238-47. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713001434.
PubMed 24512675
Barnea-Goraly N, Raman M, Mazaika P, Marzelli M, Hershey T, Weinzimer SA, Aye T, Buckingham B, Mauras N, White NH, Fox LA, Tansey M, Beck RW, Ruedy KJ, Kollman C, Cheng P, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Alterations in white matter structure in young children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014 Feb;37(2):332-40. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1388. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
PubMed 24319123
Perantie DC, Koller JM, Weaver PM, Lugar HM, Black KJ, White NH, Hershey T. Prospectively determined impact of type 1 diabetes on brain volume during development. Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):3006-14. doi: 10.2337/db11-0589. Epub 2011 Sep 27.
PubMed 21953611
Ly TT, Breton MD, Keith-Hynes P, De Salvo D, Clinton P, Benassi K, Mize B, Chernavvsky D, Place J, Wilson DM, Kovatchev BP, Buckingham BA. Overnight glucose control with an automated, unified safety system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at diabetes camp. Diabetes Care. 2014 Aug;37(8):2310-6. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0147. Epub 2014 May 30.
PubMed 24879841
Hovorka R, Elleri D, Thabit H, Allen JM, Leelarathna L, El-Khairi R, Kumareswaran K, Caldwell K, Calhoun P, Kollman C, Murphy HR, Acerini CL, Wilinska ME, Nodale M, Dunger DB. Overnight closed-loop insulin delivery in young people with type 1 diabetes: a free-living, randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1204-11. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2644.
PubMed 24757227
Gazdzinski S, Durazzo TC, Mon A, Yeh PH, Meyerhoff DJ. Cerebral white matter recovery in abstinent alcoholics--a multimodality magnetic resonance study. Brain. 2010 Apr;133(Pt 4):1043-53. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp343. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
PubMed 20133395
Reiss AL, Jo B, Arbelaez AM, Tsalikian E, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Fox LA, Cato A, White NH, Tansey M, Aye T, Tamborlane W, Englert K, Lum J, Mazaika P, Foland-Ross L, Marzelli M, Mauras N; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Consortium. A Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun. 2022 Aug 30;13(1):4940. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32289-x.
PubMed 36042217

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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All Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 May 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Glycemic Control and the Brain in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03428932
Acronym / sponsor ID: 00000766
Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords: Insulin pump, Closed loop, Brain development, Pediatric, Type 1 Diabetes, MRI, Cognitive development
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 46 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Nemours Children's ClinicUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: National Institutes of Health (NIH), Washington University School of Medicine, Stanford University, University of Iowa, Yale University, Jaeb Center for Health Research
Study start: 1 Feb 2018 (actual)
Primary completion: 1 Jul 2019 (actual)
Study completion: 1 Jul 2019 (actual)
First posted: 12 Feb 2018 (actual)
Results: Posted 16 May 2023

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Parallel groups
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 2

Arm	Type	Receives
Standard Care	Active comparator	Other: Standard CareSubjects will continue on their current treatment (insulin pump or injections), with follow up every 3 months. Neurocognitive testing and brain MRI/fMRI will be done at enrollment and 6 months.
Closed-Loop	Active comparator	Device: Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G)Subjects will transition from their current treatment (insulin pump or injections) onto the Medtronic 670G insulin pump (intervention arm as a comparator) and will have close contact with the study team. Neurocognitive testing and brain MRI/fMRI will be done at enrollment and 6 months.

Who may qualify

Ages: 14 to 17 years
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Not accepted
Age groups: Child

Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)

Be at least 14 and not yet 18 years old
Must have been diagnosed with T1D prior to 5 years old but after 6 months
For those diagnosed prior to 1 year of age, a positive blood test for an antibody marker will be required
Have been born term or near term (≥34 weeks) and weighed more than≥ 2 kg (4.4lbs) at birth
Be in puberty

Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)

History of intellectual disability, language or learning disability identified before diagnosis of diabetes, or enrollment in a self-contained special education program
ADD/ADHD and/or on stimulant medication
Any known genetic or medical problem that could impair brain development
Abnormalities of the brain/nervous system, visual or hearing problem
History of seizures not associated with fever before diabetes diagnosis

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G)A loaner Medtronic 670G insulin pump, Enlite 3 sensor and GST3C Guardian transmitter will be utilized	Device	Closed-Loop
Standard CareSubjects will continue on their current treatment (insulin pump or injections), with follow up every 3 months.	Other	Standard Care

Primary outcome

Changes in Gray Matter Volume in the Brain
Time frame: 6 months
Trends in total and regional grey matter volume

2 secondary outcomes

Changes in Brain Activation (Dorsal Anterior Cingulate, Inferior Frontal Gyrus and/or Parietal Cortex)
Time frame: 6 months
Changes in WASI-II Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)
Time frame: 6 months

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 16 May 2023, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Standard Care	21	21
Closed-Loop	21	21

Primary outcome: Changes in Gray Matter Volume in the Brain

Time frame: 6 months. Median (95% Confidence Interval). Unit: centimeters cubed

Measure	Standard Care n = 21	Closed-Loop n = 21
Value	-4.83 (-8.92 to -0.74)	-9.31 (-14.46 to -4.17)

2 secondary outcomes are reported in the full results.

Adverse events

Time frame: 6 months. Other adverse events reported at 5% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Standard Care	0 of 21 (0%)	0 of 21 (0%)	0 of 21
Closed-Loop	2 of 21 (9.5%)	0 of 21 (0%)	0 of 21

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 May 2023.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Background: PubMed 21790920Bjorgaas MR. Cerebral effects of severe hypoglycemia in young people with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2012 Feb;13(1):100-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00803.x. Epub 2011 Jul 25. No abstract available.
Background: PubMed 27702833Saggar M, Tsalikian E, Mauras N, Mazaika P, White NH, Weinzimer S, Buckingham B, Hershey T, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Compensatory Hyperconnectivity in Developing Brains of Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2017 Mar;66(3):754-762. doi: 10.2337/db16-0414. Epub 2016 Oct 4.
Background: PubMed 27339089Hosseini SM, Mazaika P, Mauras N, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Tsalikian E, White NH, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Altered Integration of Structural Covariance Networks in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016 Nov;37(11):4034-4046. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23293.
Background: PubMed 26512024Mazaika PK, Weinzimer SA, Mauras N, Buckingham B, White NH, Tsalikian E, Hershey T, Cato A, Aye T, Fox L, Wilson DM, Tansey MJ, Tamborlane W, Peng D, Raman M, Marzelli M, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Variations in Brain Volume and Growth in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2016 Feb;65(2):476-85. doi: 10.2337/db15-1242. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
Background: PubMed 25488901Mauras N, Mazaika P, Buckingham B, Weinzimer S, White NH, Tsalikian E, Hershey T, Cato A, Cheng P, Kollman C, Beck RW, Ruedy K, Aye T, Fox L, Arbelaez AM, Wilson D, Tansey M, Tamborlane W, Peng D, Marzelli M, Winer KK, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Longitudinal assessment of neuroanatomical and cognitive differences in young children with type 1 diabetes: association with hyperglycemia. Diabetes. 2015 May;64(5):1770-9. doi: 10.2337/db14-1445. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Background: PubMed 24512675Cato MA, Mauras N, Ambrosino J, Bondurant A, Conrad AL, Kollman C, Cheng P, Beck RW, Ruedy KJ, Aye T, Reiss AL, White NH, Hershey T; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Cognitive functioning in young children with type 1 diabetes. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014 Feb;20(2):238-47. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713001434.
Background: PubMed 24319123Barnea-Goraly N, Raman M, Mazaika P, Marzelli M, Hershey T, Weinzimer SA, Aye T, Buckingham B, Mauras N, White NH, Fox LA, Tansey M, Beck RW, Ruedy KJ, Kollman C, Cheng P, Reiss AL; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Alterations in white matter structure in young children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014 Feb;37(2):332-40. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1388. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Background: PubMed 21953611Perantie DC, Koller JM, Weaver PM, Lugar HM, Black KJ, White NH, Hershey T. Prospectively determined impact of type 1 diabetes on brain volume during development. Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):3006-14. doi: 10.2337/db11-0589. Epub 2011 Sep 27.
Background: PubMed 24879841Ly TT, Breton MD, Keith-Hynes P, De Salvo D, Clinton P, Benassi K, Mize B, Chernavvsky D, Place J, Wilson DM, Kovatchev BP, Buckingham BA. Overnight glucose control with an automated, unified safety system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at diabetes camp. Diabetes Care. 2014 Aug;37(8):2310-6. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0147. Epub 2014 May 30.
Background: PubMed 24757227Hovorka R, Elleri D, Thabit H, Allen JM, Leelarathna L, El-Khairi R, Kumareswaran K, Caldwell K, Calhoun P, Kollman C, Murphy HR, Acerini CL, Wilinska ME, Nodale M, Dunger DB. Overnight closed-loop insulin delivery in young people with type 1 diabetes: a free-living, randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1204-11. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2644.
Background: PubMed 20133395Gazdzinski S, Durazzo TC, Mon A, Yeh PH, Meyerhoff DJ. Cerebral white matter recovery in abstinent alcoholics--a multimodality magnetic resonance study. Brain. 2010 Apr;133(Pt 4):1043-53. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp343. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
Derived from this study: PubMed 36042217Reiss AL, Jo B, Arbelaez AM, Tsalikian E, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Fox LA, Cato A, White NH, Tansey M, Aye T, Tamborlane W, Englert K, Lum J, Mazaika P, Foland-Ross L, Marzelli M, Mauras N; Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Consortium. A Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun. 2022 Aug 30;13(1):4940. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32289-x.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. In accordance with the NIH data sharing policy, a de-identified database will be placed in the public domain after the completion of the study. This will be timed if possible with publication of the manuscripts that will result from these studies. In addition, formal requests for data will be accepted and reviewed by the DirecNet Steering Committee. If the request is approved, the Data Coordinating Centers will provide the data in a format mutually agreeable to the requesting party.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Nelly Mauras, MD principal investigator

Nemours Children's Clinic

5 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Closed Loop (Medtronic 670G) in people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, run by Nemours Children's Clinic at 5 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 May 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 5 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 16 May 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Changes in Gray Matter Volume in the Brain (time frame: 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03428932, which also lists 12 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 May 2023; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.