Exercise Induced Muscle DamageNCT03284450
Exercise Induced Muscle Damage Post Dance and Sprint Specific Exercise in Females
A study testing DPFT and SSRS in people with Exercise Induced Muscle Damage, run by Northumbria University.
Trial summary
There is a paucity of studies investigating exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in females and only one in response to dance-type exercise. This study aimed to firstly elucidate the physiological profile of EIMD following a dance-specific protocol, and second to compare the magnitude of damage to that experienced… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Exercise Induced Muscle Damage
- What is being tested?
- DPFT and SSRS
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 29 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Apr 2014to Jun 2014
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- physically active
- at least 3 years experience in dance training
Who cannot join
- presence of any medical or physical conditions, either chronic or sustained in the last 3 months which would make participation difficult or harmful to the participant
- eg. history of cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders
About this study
There is a paucity of studies investigating exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in females and only one in response to dance-type exercise. This study aimed to firstly elucidate the physiological profile of EIMD following a dance-specific protocol, and second to compare the magnitude of damage to that experienced following a sport-specific protocol in physically active females.
Read the detailed description
Twenty nine female recreational dancers from a University dance team volunteered to take part in the study. A 3-day food diary and activity log completed prior to testing determined that there were no differences in physical activity levels or energy and macronutrient intakes between participants. Subjects were asked to replicate their reported diets as closely as possible throughout the testing period. A menstrual cycle questionnaire was also completed in order to determine menstrual cycle phase; all testing took place during the early/mid luteal phase.
Participants were randomly assigned to two exercise groups designed to induce EIMD; either a dance-specific protocol (DPFT) or a sport-specific repeated sprint protocol (SSRS). Participants completed the DPFT (n=15) or SSRS (n=14) and a battery of commonly used muscle damage indices were measured pre, immediately post and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post muscle damage. These were; delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), limb girth, countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) sprint performance, and total creatine kinase (CK) activity. Participants were tested at the same time on subsequent days (± 1 h) to account for diurnal variation. Participants were asked to avoid strenuous exercise, alcohol, caffeine, nutritional supplements and any anti-inflammatory drugs or alternative treatments for the duration of the study.
Statistical software (IBM SPSS v21, IBM, USA) was used for inferential analysis and significance was accepted at the P < .05 a priori. Mauchley's test assessed the sphericity of the data and where appropriate, violations were corrected using the Greenhouse-Geisser. To explore our first objective, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures (group, 1; time, 5) was performed on all variables in order to analyse the muscle damage response to the DPFT. For the second aim a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (group, 2; time, 5) was used for all variables to allow for comparison of the muscle damage response between the DPFT and the SSRS. Where appropriate LSD post-hoc analysis was performed.
- Conditions
- Exercise Induced Muscle Damage
- Being tested
- DPFT, SSRS
- Keywords
- Dance, Sprint, Females, Recovery
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
DPFTOther
The DPFT described previously (Redding et al., 2009) involves the repetition of a 'dance phrase' representative of contemporary dance, with each phrase separated by a 2 minute rest period. For the present study the originally described test was extended; the adapted protocol involved 10 x 1 minute movement phrases, each separated by 2 minutes rest.
SSRSOther
The SSRS (Howatson \& Milak, 2009) involved 15 x 30 m sprints with a rapid 10 m deceleration phase, with each sprint departing every 65 seconds.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Dance performance fitness test (DPFT) | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: DPFT |
| Sport specific repeated sprints (SSRS) | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Other: SSRS |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)
Isometric MVC of the participants' dominant knee extensors was assessed using a strain gauge.
Measured: Change from pre exercise MVC at 24 h post exercise
Secondary outcomes (6)
Limb girths
Lower limb girths at the calf and mid-thigh of the right leg were recorded as measures of muscle swelling. Both locations were marked with permanent marker to ensure consistency on consecutive days.
Measured: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Countermovement jump
Countermovement jump height was recorded using a light timing system.
Measured: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Reactive strength index
Participants performed a drop jump from a 30cm height to determine reactive strength index
Measured: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Muscle soreness
Subjective muscle soreness was measured using a 200 mm visual analogue scale from 'no soreness' to 'unbearably sore.' Participants were required to indicate on the line the level of perceived active lower limb soreness felt during a 90 degree squat.
Measured: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
30 m sprint time
Participants completed a single maximal effort 30 m sprint where sprint time was recorded. The sprint was initiated from a line 30 cm behind the start line in order to prevent false triggering of the timing gates.
Measured: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Creatine Kinase
Blood samples were collected via venepuncture from the antecubital fossa area in to a 10 ml EDTA vacutainer. The samples were centrifuged at 3000 RCF for 15 minutes at 4 C. Plasma was extracted, and stored immediately at -80 C for later analysis. Plasma CK concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically.
Measured: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Sep 2017
- Study startApr 2014
- Primary completionJun 2014
- Study completionJun 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Exercise Induced Muscle DamageStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Northumbria University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Glyn Howatson, Northumbria University
- Investigators
- Emma J Stevenson, PhD, Principal investigator, Northumbria University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03284450
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NUMB1
- Status last verified
- Sep 2017
- First submitted
- 28 Sep 2016
- Last updated
- 15 Sep 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Sep 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Exercise Induced Muscle Damage Post Dance and Sprint Specific Exercise in Females
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03284450
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NUMB1
- Conditions
- Exercise Induced Muscle Damage
- Keywords
- Dance, Sprint, Females, Recovery
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 29 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Northumbria UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Apr 2014
- Primary completion
- Jun 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Sep 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
There is a paucity of studies investigating exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in females and only one in response to dance-type exercise. This study aimed to firstly elucidate the physiological profile of EIMD following a dance-specific protocol, and second to compare the magnitude of damage to that experienced following a sport-specific protocol in physically active females.
Detailed description
Twenty nine female recreational dancers from a University dance team volunteered to take part in the study. A 3-day food diary and activity log completed prior to testing determined that there were no differences in physical activity levels or energy and macronutrient intakes between participants. Subjects were asked to replicate their reported diets as closely as possible throughout the testing period. A menstrual cycle questionnaire was also completed in order to determine menstrual cycle phase; all testing took place during the early/mid luteal phase.
Participants were randomly assigned to two exercise groups designed to induce EIMD; either a dance-specific protocol (DPFT) or a sport-specific repeated sprint protocol (SSRS). Participants completed the DPFT (n=15) or SSRS (n=14) and a battery of commonly used muscle damage indices were measured pre, immediately post and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post muscle damage. These were; delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), limb girth, countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) sprint performance, and total creatine kinase (CK) activity. Participants were tested at the same time on subsequent days (± 1 h) to account for diurnal variation. Participants were asked to avoid strenuous exercise, alcohol, caffeine, nutritional supplements and any anti-inflammatory drugs or alternative treatments for the duration of the study.
Statistical software (IBM SPSS v21, IBM, USA) was used for inferential analysis and significance was accepted at the P < .05 a priori. Mauchley's test assessed the sphericity of the data and where appropriate, violations were corrected using the Greenhouse-Geisser. To explore our first objective, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures (group, 1; time, 5) was performed on all variables in order to analyse the muscle damage response to the DPFT. For the second aim a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (group, 2; time, 5) was used for all variables to allow for comparison of the muscle damage response between the DPFT and the SSRS. Where appropriate LSD post-hoc analysis was performed.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Dance performance fitness test (DPFT) | Experimental | Other: DPFT |
| Sport specific repeated sprints (SSRS) | Active comparator | Other: SSRS |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- physically active
- at least 3 years experience in dance training
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- presence of any medical or physical conditions, either chronic or sustained in the last 3 months which would make participation difficult or harmful to the participant
- eg. history of cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| DPFTThe DPFT described previously (Redding et al., 2009) involves the repetition of a 'dance phrase' representative of contemporary dance, with each phrase separated by a 2 minute rest period. For the present study the originally described test was extended; the adapted protocol involved 10 x 1 minute movement phrases, each separated by 2 minutes rest. | Other | Dance performance fitness test (DPFT) |
| SSRSThe SSRS (Howatson \& Milak, 2009) involved 15 x 30 m sprints with a rapid 10 m deceleration phase, with each sprint departing every 65 seconds. | Other | Sport specific repeated sprints (SSRS) |
Primary outcome
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)
Time frame: Change from pre exercise MVC at 24 h post exercise
Isometric MVC of the participants' dominant knee extensors was assessed using a strain gauge.
6 secondary outcomes
Limb girths
Time frame: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Countermovement jump
Time frame: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Reactive strength index
Time frame: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Muscle soreness
Time frame: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
30 m sprint time
Time frame: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Creatine Kinase
Time frame: pre, immediately post (0) and 24-, 48-, and 72 h post exercise
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Sep 2017.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Emma J Stevenson, PhD principal investigator
Northumbria University
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing DPFT and SSRS in people with Exercise Induced Muscle Damage, run by Northumbria University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Sep 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) (time frame: Change from pre exercise MVC at 24 h post exercise). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Sep 2017; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 27 Oct 2026.