Clinical Investigation of the Visual Outcomes and Safety of a Trifocal Intraocular Lens (IOL) in a Korean Population

The defocus curve (an indicator of the expected range of vision with a presbyopia-correcting IOL) was tested binocularly (both eyes together) with the subject's best distance correction across full range varied from +2.0 diopter (D) to -5.0 D in 0.5 D increments. VA at each spherical power was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. A lower numeric value represents better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

VA was tested binocularly under photopic conditions using the correction obtained from the manual manifest refraction and 100% contrast, ETDRS charts at a distance of 4 meters from the spectacle plane. VA was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. A lower numeric value represented better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

VA was tested monocularly (each eye separately) under photopic conditions without visual correction using 100% contrast ETDRS charts at a distance of 4 m from the eye, corresponding to a far distance for visual tasks. UCDVA was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. Both eyes contributed to the analysis. A lower numeric value represented better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

VA was tested monocularly under photopic conditions without visual correction using 100% contrast ETDRS charts at a distance of 60 cm from the eye, representative of intermediate distances for visual tasks. UCIVA was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. Both eyes contributed to the analysis. A lower numeric value represented better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

VA was tested monocularly under photopic conditions without visual correction using 100% contrast ETDRS charts at a distance of 40 cm from the eye, representative of near distances for visual tasks. UCNVA was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. Both eyes contributed to the analysis. A lower numeric value represented better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

VA was tested binocularly under photopic conditions without visual correction using 100% contrast ETDRS charts at a distance of 4 m from the eye, corresponding to a far distance for visual tasks. UCDVA was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. A lower numeric value represented better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

VA was tested binocularly under photopic conditions without visual correction using 100% contrast ETDRS charts at a distance of 60 cm from the eye, representative of intermediate distances for visual tasks. UCIVA was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. A lower numeric value represented better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

VA was tested binocularly under photopic conditions without visual correction using 100% contrast ETDRS charts at a distance of 40 cm from the eye, representative of near distances for visual tasks. UCNVA was measured in logMAR, with 0.1 logMAR increment corresponding to 5 letters, or 1 line, on an ETDRS chart. A lower numeric value represented better VA. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

Contrast sensitivity (i.e., the ability to detect objects by distinguishing them from their background) was assessed binocularly under photopic conditions at a distance of 8 feet from the eye at spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) using the Vector Vision CSV 1000-HGT with a glare source. A higher numeric value will represent better contrast sensitivity. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

Contrast sensitivity (i.e., the ability to detect objects by distinguishing them from their background) was assessed binocularly under photopic conditions at a distance of 8 feet from the eye at spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd using the Vector Vision CSV 1000-HGT without a glare source. A higher numeric value will represent better contrast sensitivity. No formal statistical hypothesis testing was planned.

Subjects responded to 12 SSQs based on their experience during past 7 days for quality of vision and any change since cataract surgery as follows; Q1:How satisfied are you with your vision for seeing objects at near distance(ND)? Q2:How often do you wear eyeglasses or contact lenses for seeing objects at ND? Q3:How satisfied are you with your vision for seeing objects at intermediate distance(ID)? Q4:How often do you wear eyeglasses or contact lens for seeing objects at ID? Q5:How satisfied are you with your vision for seeing objects at distance(D)? Q6:How often do you wear eyeglasses or contact lens for seeing objects at D? Q7:How often do you experience halos? Q8:How severe were these halos? Q9:If you CURRENTLY DRIVE: how much difficulty do you have driving at night? Q10:If you DO NOT DRIVE at night, what is the reason? Q11:How satisfied are you with your cataract surgery result? Q12:Would you recommend cataract surgery and new lenses that were put into your eyes to other people?