Vaginal InfectionNCT03261804
Relation Between Internal Vaginal Douching and Vaginal Infections in Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Users
An observational study of Vaginal Infection, run by Assiut University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
To determine the effect of performing internal vaginal douching on the frequency and severity and type of vaginal infections in IUD users Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 48 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Vaginal Infection
- What is being tested?
- relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infection
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 604 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2018to 1 Aug 2021
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 48 years
- Women only
- Adult
Study population: Family planning and population growth problems
Who may be able to join
- 1- Women currently using cu IUD for at least 6 months before the study 2-Within the age 18-48 years 3-Accept to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- 1-Woman who are using a contraceptive method other than IUD 2-Any other endocrinal disease like DM , thyroid ……etc 3- Patient under chemotherapy for treatment of cancer 4- antibiotic and Steroid users 5-inperfect IUD place
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
To determine the effect of performing internal vaginal douching on the frequency and severity and type of vaginal infections in IUD users
Read the detailed description
The actual frequency of infectious vaginitis is difficult to determine, due to numerous confounding factors, such as a high asymptomatic rate, inaccurate self-diagnosis and treatment, and population dependence. In the USA, the prevalence of cervicovaginal infections was 29.1% and that bacterial vaginosis was frequently found 19.7% among IUDs users 6 months after insertion.
Vaginal douching (VD) is the process of intravaginal cleansing with any type of liquid solution. Douching is a common practice among women all over the world and is used for personal hygiene. Studies in the USA showed that about 37% of US women in reproductive age (15-44 Y) reported regular VD. The performance of this habit varied between different ethnic groups and different socioeconomic levels. In a Turkish study, VD reported to be performed by 91.6% of women living in rural areas.
There are cultural believes that VD is necessary for good hygiene. Other motives for douching are to clean the vagina after the end of menses or before and/or after sexual intercourse, to prevent or ameliorate an odor, to prevent or treat vaginal symptoms such as itching and discharge. Other factors contribute to a woman's decision to douche her vagina like the influence of patients' mothers, friends, and relatives. Some others consider VD as religious duty to be able to pray after menses or sexual intercourse.
Previous studies have pointed to reproductive health hazards of VD. Women who perform this habit were 1.2 to 5.1 times more likely to develop bacterial vaginosis (BV); 1.6 -1.9 times more likely to experience a preterm labor (PTL). Women who adopt this habit were twice likely to develop cancer cervix; 1.7 times more likely to have sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Moreover, VD performers have 73% increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and are 1.5 times more likely to develop endometritis.
The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most widely used method of contraception because of its safety and cost-effective benefit. Over 100 million women are now using this device. However, the number of user is still much less than expected. This probably due to the doubt about complications from IUD, the most common medical reasons for early discontinuation of IUD are bleeding and/or pain along with genital infections.
Many women who have vaginitis generally complain of some combination of discharge, odor, irritation, and itch. The most common causes of vaginitis in premenopausal group were bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Previous studies showed that copper IUD caused a change in the cervicovaginal flora that resulted in the predominance of anaerobic species. These alterations may affect vaginal health and cause more vaginal infection and symptoms for example itching, soreness and abnormal discharge.
- Conditions
- Vaginal Infection
- Being tested
- relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infection
- Medical subject headings
- Vaginitis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infectionBehavioural
personal hygiene including performing external or Internal vaginal douching, how she is performing this douching (by hand, water, jet, pump), how frequent and why they perform this internal vaginal douche.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group I:internal vaginal douching users | Not described Receives: Behavioral: relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infection | |
| Group II: none internal vaginal douching users | Not described Receives: Behavioral: relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infection |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
frequency of vaginal infections in IUD user
Compare frequency of vaginal infections in IUD user who perform internal vaginal douching with not perform internal vaginal douching
Measured: 18 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Aug 2017
- Study start1 Jun 2018
- Primary completion1 Aug 2021
- Study completion1 Aug 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Vaginal InfectionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Assiut UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Family based
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 604 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ahmed Mohamed Alaaeldin Mahmoud Youssef, Assiut University
- Investigators
- Ahmed A YOUSSEF, M.D, Principal investigator, Assiut University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03261804
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- VD in IUD users
- Status last verified
- May 2022
- First submitted
- 23 Aug 2017
- Last updated
- 25 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Ferraz do Lago R, Simoes JA, Bahamondes L, Camargo RP, Perrotti M, Monteiro I. Follow-up of users of intrauterine device with and without bacterial vaginosis and other cervicovaginal infections. Contraception. 2003 Aug;68(2):105-9. doi: 10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00109-4.
PubMed 12954522Martino JL, Vermund SH. Vaginal douching: evidence for risks or benefits to women's health. Epidemiol Rev. 2002;24(2):109-24. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxf004. No abstract available.
PubMed 12762087Zhang J, Thomas AG, Leybovich E. Vaginal douching and adverse health effects: a meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 1997 Jul;87(7):1207-11. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.7.1207.
PubMed 9240115Zhang J, Hatch M, Zhang D, Shulman J, Harville E, Thomas AG. Frequency of douching and risk of bacterial vaginosis in African-American women. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;104(4):756-60. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000139947.90826.98.
PubMed 15458898Hutchinson KB, Kip KE, Ness RB; Gynecologic Infection Follow-Through (GIFT) Investigators. Vaginal douching and development of bacterial vaginosis among women with normal and abnormal vaginal microflora. Sex Transm Dis. 2007 Sep;34(9):671-5. doi: 10.1097/01.olq.0000258435.34879.da.
PubMed 17413534Luong ML, Libman M, Dahhou M, Chen MF, Kahn SR, Goulet L, Seguin L, Lydon J, McNamara H, Platt RW, Kramer MS. Vaginal douching, bacterial vaginosis, and spontaneous preterm birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010 Apr;32(4):313-320. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34474-7.
PubMed 20500937Fonck K, Kaul R, Keli F, Bwayo JJ, Ngugi EN, Moses S, Temmerman M. Sexually transmitted infections and vaginal douching in a population of female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. Sex Transm Infect. 2001 Aug;77(4):271-5. doi: 10.1136/sti.77.4.271.
PubMed 11463927Rew L. Vaginal douching increased risk of sexually transmitted infections in high-risk adolescents. Evid Based Nurs. 2009 Jul;12(3):88. doi: 10.1136/ebn.12.3.88. No abstract available.
PubMed 19553425Kanat-Pektas M, Ozat M, Gungor T. The effects of TCu-380A on cervicovaginal flora. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008 May;277(5):429-32. doi: 10.1007/s00404-007-0496-0. Epub 2007 Oct 31.
PubMed 17972087Haukkamaa M, Stranden P, Jousimies-Somer H, Siitonen A. Bacterial flora of the cervix in women using an intrauterine device. Contraception. 1987 Nov;36(5):527-34. doi: 10.1016/0010-7824(87)90004-7.
PubMed 3447813
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Relation Between Internal Vaginal Douching and Vaginal Infections in Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Users
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03261804
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VD in IUD users
- Conditions
- Vaginal Infection
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 604 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Aug 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Aug 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Aug 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To determine the effect of performing internal vaginal douching on the frequency and severity and type of vaginal infections in IUD users
Detailed description
The actual frequency of infectious vaginitis is difficult to determine, due to numerous confounding factors, such as a high asymptomatic rate, inaccurate self-diagnosis and treatment, and population dependence. In the USA, the prevalence of cervicovaginal infections was 29.1% and that bacterial vaginosis was frequently found 19.7% among IUDs users 6 months after insertion.
Vaginal douching (VD) is the process of intravaginal cleansing with any type of liquid solution. Douching is a common practice among women all over the world and is used for personal hygiene. Studies in the USA showed that about 37% of US women in reproductive age (15-44 Y) reported regular VD. The performance of this habit varied between different ethnic groups and different socioeconomic levels. In a Turkish study, VD reported to be performed by 91.6% of women living in rural areas.
There are cultural believes that VD is necessary for good hygiene. Other motives for douching are to clean the vagina after the end of menses or before and/or after sexual intercourse, to prevent or ameliorate an odor, to prevent or treat vaginal symptoms such as itching and discharge. Other factors contribute to a woman's decision to douche her vagina like the influence of patients' mothers, friends, and relatives. Some others consider VD as religious duty to be able to pray after menses or sexual intercourse.
Previous studies have pointed to reproductive health hazards of VD. Women who perform this habit were 1.2 to 5.1 times more likely to develop bacterial vaginosis (BV); 1.6 -1.9 times more likely to experience a preterm labor (PTL). Women who adopt this habit were twice likely to develop cancer cervix; 1.7 times more likely to have sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Moreover, VD performers have 73% increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and are 1.5 times more likely to develop endometritis.
The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most widely used method of contraception because of its safety and cost-effective benefit. Over 100 million women are now using this device. However, the number of user is still much less than expected. This probably due to the doubt about complications from IUD, the most common medical reasons for early discontinuation of IUD are bleeding and/or pain along with genital infections.
Many women who have vaginitis generally complain of some combination of discharge, odor, irritation, and itch. The most common causes of vaginitis in premenopausal group were bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Previous studies showed that copper IUD caused a change in the cervicovaginal flora that resulted in the predominance of anaerobic species. These alterations may affect vaginal health and cause more vaginal infection and symptoms for example itching, soreness and abnormal discharge.
Study design
- Observational model
- Family based
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group I:internal vaginal douching users | – | Behavioral: relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infection |
| Group II: none internal vaginal douching users | – | Behavioral: relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infection |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 48 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Family planning and population growth problems
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- 1- Women currently using cu IUD for at least 6 months before the study 2-Within the age 18-48 years 3-Accept to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- 1-Woman who are using a contraceptive method other than IUD 2-Any other endocrinal disease like DM , thyroid ……etc 3- Patient under chemotherapy for treatment of cancer 4- antibiotic and Steroid users 5-inperfect IUD place
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| relation between vaginal douching and vaginal infectionpersonal hygiene including performing external or Internal vaginal douching, how she is performing this douching (by hand, water, jet, pump), how frequent and why they perform this internal vaginal douche. | Behavioural | Group I:internal vaginal douching users, Group II: none internal vaginal douching users |
Primary outcome
frequency of vaginal infections in IUD user
Time frame: 18 months
Compare frequency of vaginal infections in IUD user who perform internal vaginal douching with not perform internal vaginal douching
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 May 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 12954522Ferraz do Lago R, Simoes JA, Bahamondes L, Camargo RP, Perrotti M, Monteiro I. Follow-up of users of intrauterine device with and without bacterial vaginosis and other cervicovaginal infections. Contraception. 2003 Aug;68(2):105-9. doi: 10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00109-4.
- Results publication: PubMed 12762087Martino JL, Vermund SH. Vaginal douching: evidence for risks or benefits to women's health. Epidemiol Rev. 2002;24(2):109-24. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxf004. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 9240115Zhang J, Thomas AG, Leybovich E. Vaginal douching and adverse health effects: a meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 1997 Jul;87(7):1207-11. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.7.1207.
- Results publication: PubMed 15458898Zhang J, Hatch M, Zhang D, Shulman J, Harville E, Thomas AG. Frequency of douching and risk of bacterial vaginosis in African-American women. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;104(4):756-60. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000139947.90826.98.
- Results publication: PubMed 17413534Hutchinson KB, Kip KE, Ness RB; Gynecologic Infection Follow-Through (GIFT) Investigators. Vaginal douching and development of bacterial vaginosis among women with normal and abnormal vaginal microflora. Sex Transm Dis. 2007 Sep;34(9):671-5. doi: 10.1097/01.olq.0000258435.34879.da.
- Results publication: PubMed 20500937Luong ML, Libman M, Dahhou M, Chen MF, Kahn SR, Goulet L, Seguin L, Lydon J, McNamara H, Platt RW, Kramer MS. Vaginal douching, bacterial vaginosis, and spontaneous preterm birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010 Apr;32(4):313-320. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34474-7.
- Results publication: PubMed 11463927Fonck K, Kaul R, Keli F, Bwayo JJ, Ngugi EN, Moses S, Temmerman M. Sexually transmitted infections and vaginal douching in a population of female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. Sex Transm Infect. 2001 Aug;77(4):271-5. doi: 10.1136/sti.77.4.271.
- Results publication: PubMed 19553425Rew L. Vaginal douching increased risk of sexually transmitted infections in high-risk adolescents. Evid Based Nurs. 2009 Jul;12(3):88. doi: 10.1136/ebn.12.3.88. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 17972087Kanat-Pektas M, Ozat M, Gungor T. The effects of TCu-380A on cervicovaginal flora. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008 May;277(5):429-32. doi: 10.1007/s00404-007-0496-0. Epub 2007 Oct 31.
- Results publication: PubMed 3447813Haukkamaa M, Stranden P, Jousimies-Somer H, Siitonen A. Bacterial flora of the cervix in women using an intrauterine device. Contraception. 1987 Nov;36(5):527-34. doi: 10.1016/0010-7824(87)90004-7.
Related trials for Vaginal Infection
Active, not recruitingObservational study
Characterization of Vaginal, Urinary and Fecal Microbiomes in Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary Tract Infections, Menopause
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
Prevention of Vaginal Cuff Infection After Hysterectomy by Addition of Vaginal Clindamycin
Surgical Site Infection, Vaginal Cuff Cellulitis
Not yet recruitingPhase 2
WST03 Capsule Combined With Metronidazole for Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
RecruitingPhase 1
Safety Study of MucoCept-CVN
HIV -1 Infection
RecruitingPhase 1
A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label, Active-controlled Phase Ib Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of Multiple Intravaginal Doses of GenSci142 in Patients With Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Randomized, Open-label
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ahmed A YOUSSEF, M.D principal investigator
Assiut University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Vaginal Infection, run by Assiut University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
frequency of vaginal infections in IUD user (time frame: 18 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03261804, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 May 2022.