Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)Phase 2NCT02558972
Northera Improves Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Postural Vasovagal Syncope (VVS)
A Phase 2 study testing Northera (Droxidopa) in people with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Vasovagal Syncope (VVS), run by New York Medical College at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Vasovagal syncope (VVS, simple faint) is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness and represents the acute episodic form of orthostatic intolerance (OI). Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is the common chronic form of OI. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Vasovagal Syncope (VVS), Fainting
- What is being tested?
- Northera (Droxidopa)
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Sep 2015to Dec 2022
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Both male and female participants are being studied
- Ages 18-30 years old
- POTS cases will be referred for day-to-day Orthostatic Intolerance (OI) with ≥3 symptoms for >6 months.
- POTS will be confirmed by medical history indicating chronic OI, and by a prior 700 tilt table test or standing test showing excessive tachycardia and symptoms OI in the absence of hypotension.
- VVS (fainting) subjects will have at least 2 episodes of postural VVS during the past calendar year.
- Healthy volunteers will be included for Study #1
Who cannot join
- Only those free from all systemic illnesses will be eligible to participate. This excludes patients with illnesses associated with autonomic dysfunction such as diabetes, renal disease, congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, neoplasm, immune mediated disease, trauma, obesity, cancer, supine or upright hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease.
- No subjects will be taking neurally active, or vasoactive drugs. Prior medication will be stopped for at least 2 weeks.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
New York Medical College/Bradhurst building
Hawthorne, New York, 10532
About this study
Official title: Northera Improves Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Postural
Vasovagal syncope (VVS, simple faint) is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness and represents the acute episodic form of orthostatic intolerance (OI). Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is the common chronic form of OI. Both are defined by debilitating symptoms and signs while upright relieved by recumbency. Northera should therefore improve both sympathetic splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction and sympathetic splanchnic venoconstriction in POTS and VVS, and may represent an ideal drug to improve the orthostatic response in POTS and VVS.
Read the detailed description
Vasovagal syncope (VVS, simple faint) is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness and represents the acute episodic form of orthostatic intolerance (OI). Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is the common chronic form of OI. Both are defined by debilitating symptoms and signs while upright relieved by recumbency. Pathophysiological mechanisms have remained elusive. Most POTS patients and all VVS patients have normal supine resting hemodynamics but excessively redistribute blood flow and blood volume from the central pool to the splanchnic vasculature because of defective splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction and venoconstriction. While peripheral and splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction depend primarily on post-junctional alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, splanchnic venoconstriction also depends on post-junctional alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. Consequently, selective alpha-1 agonists such as midodrine may not produce sufficient splanchnic venoconstriction to compensate for splanchnic pooling in POTS and VVS. Such alpha adrenergic subtype restrictions do not apply to Northera (droxidopa) because it is a norepinephrine (NE) prodrug and therefore increases the amount of synaptic NE that can then bind to both alpha-2 and alpha-1 receptors. Northera should therefore improve both sympathetic splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction and sympathetic splanchnic venoconstriction in POTS and VVS, and may represent an ideal drug to improve the orthostatic response in POTS and VVS. We will test the hypothesis that Northera, in appropriate dose, improves the splanchnic adrenergic deficits that initiate POTS and postural VVS and in sufficient daily dose improves quality of life in these patients. To accomplish this, the investigator will recruit 10 POTS patients aged 18-30 years, 10 similarly aged patients with 2 or more episodes of VVS in the past year (thus defining recurrent VVS) and 10 age and gender matched healthy volunteer control subjects with the following specific aims:
- Being tested
- Northera (Droxidopa), Placebo
- Keywords
- Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Vasovagal Syncope (VVS), Fainting, Orthostatic Intolerance, Droxidopa, Northera
- Medical subject headings
- Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Syncope, Vasovagal, Syncope, Orthostatic Intolerance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Northera (Droxidopa)Drug
Study #1 -Supine monitoring is performed for 30 minutes before administration of a single 600mg oral dose of Northera or placebo assigned randomly, After 2 hours supine a 70 degree upright tilt will performed for 10 minutes. On another day, subjects previously given Northera will receive placebo and vice versa and studies repeated.
PlaceboDrug
Study #1 -Supine monitoring is performed for 30 minutes before administration of a single 600mg oral dose of Northera or placebo assigned randomly, After 2 hours supine a 70 degree upright tilt will performed for 10 minutes. On another day, subjects previously given Northera will receive placebo and vice versa and studies repeated.
Northera (Droxidopa)Drug
Study #2 -Patients will randomized to receive Northera or placebo for two weeks after which they will return for instrumented tilt studies as in Study 1. Doses of Northera will be titrated upwards by 100mg/dose every 48 hours from a starting dose of 100mg three times a day to a maximum of 600mg three times a day. Doses will be reduced to the preceding dose if systolic BP>140mmHg or diastolic BP>80mmHg measured in the seated position at home using an automated ambulatory blood pressure cuff 2 hours after receiving an oral dose. Doses will also be reduced if supine BP measured with the head of the bed elevated upon awakening in the morning exceeds 150/90 mmHg. Following a 1 week wash out period, subjects will receive the alternative treatment for 2 additional weeks and instrumented laboratory studies repeated.
PlaceboDrug
Study #2 -Patients will randomized to receive Northera or placebo for two weeks after which they will return for instrumented tilt studies as in Study 1. Doses of Northera will be titrated upwards by 100mg/dose every 48 hours from a starting dose of 100mg three times a day to a maximum of 600mg three times a day. Doses will be reduced to the preceding dose if systolic BP>140mmHg or diastolic BP>80mmHg measured in the seated position at home using an automated ambulatory blood pressure cuff 2 hours after receiving an oral dose. Doses will also be reduced if supine BP measured with the head of the bed elevated upon awakening in the morning exceeds 150/90 mmHg. Following a 1 week wash out period, subjects will receive the alternative treatment for 2 additional weeks and instrumented laboratory studies repeated.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Northera-single dose | Placebo comparator | Study #1 -Does single large dose (600mg) of Northera improve upright hemodynamics and orthostatic intolerance in POTS and VVS Receives: Drug: Northera (Droxidopa); Drug: Placebo |
| Northera- chronic administration | Placebo comparator | Study #2 -Patients will randomized to receive Northera or placebo for two weeks after which they will return for instrumented tilt studies as in Study 1. Doses of Northera will be titrated upwards by 100mg/dose every 48 hours from a starting dose of 100mg three times a day to a maximum of 600mg three times a day. Receives: Drug: Northera (Droxidopa); Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Study #1 and Study #2 - Splanchnic and lower extremity pooling (physiological parameter)
Splanchnic and lower extremity pooling will be measured before, during, and after upright tilt. The investigators will use both venous occlusion plethysmography and impedance plethysmography. Venous occlusion plethysmography are made in ml/min by rapidly inflating cuffs to a pressure of 45mmHg and then computing the slope of the time dependent increase in cross limb section. During impedance plethysmography, a Tetrapolar High Resolution Impedance monitor 4-channel digital IPG is used to detect changes in regional blood volume and blood flow in ml/min
Measured: 2 weeks
Study #2 -Quality of Life measured by self reporting questionnaire (RAND-36)
The investigators will test whether chronic administration of Northera (Droxidopa) in escalating dose improves quality of life. Quality of life will be measured by the RAND-36 questionnaire. The RAND-36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered quality-of-life measures. These measures rely upon patient self-reporting. The RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Version 1.0) taps eight health concepts: physical functioning, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical health problems, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue, and general health perceptions. It also includes a single item that provides an indication of perceived change in health. (2-4)
Measured: 6 weeks
Study #2 -Quality of Life measured by self reporting questionnaire (COMPASS 31)
The investigators will test whether chronic administration of Northera (Droxidopa) in escalating dose improves quality of life. Quality of life will be measured by the RAND-36 questionnaire (as shown in the above primary outcome) as well as the COMPASS 31 questionnaire. The COMPASS 31 "was developed as a self-assessment instrument of autonomic symptoms and function that is up-to-date, broadly applicable, easy to administer in a short amount of time, and based on a scientific approach. It was designed to provide a global autonomic severity score and domain scores that are both clinically and scientifically meaningful." "COMPASS 31 is based on the well-established ASP [Autonomic Symptom Profile], a comprehensive questionnaire assessing autonomic symptoms across multiple domains." (1)
Measured: 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Study #1 and Study #2 -Blood pressure (BP)
During laboratory testing, blood pressure will be continuously monitored in mmHg
Measured: 2 weeks
Study #1 and Study #2 -Heart rate (HR)
During laboratory testing, heart rate will be continuously monitored in beats/minute.
Measured: 2 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Sep 2015 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2015
- Primary completionDec 2022
- Study completionDec 2022
Why it stopped: Could not recruit adequate numbers. Largely closed by COVID risk.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- New York Medical College
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Lundbeck LLC
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Julian Stewart, New York Medical College
- Investigators
- Julian M Stewart, M.D., Ph.D., Principal investigator, New York Medical College
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02558972
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- L-11,388
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 21 Sep 2015
- Last updated
- 23 May 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Sletten DM, Suarez GA, Low PA, Mandrekar J, Singer W. COMPASS 31: a refined and abbreviated Composite Autonomic Symptom Score. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Dec;87(12):1196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.10.013.
PubMed 23218087http: and www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/mos/mos_core_36item.html. 36-Item Short Form Survey from the RAND Medical Outcomes Study. 2014.
Hays RD, Shapiro MF. An overview of generic health-related quality of life measures for HIV research. Qual Life Res. 1992 Apr;1(2):91-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00439716.
PubMed 1301123Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83.
PubMed 1593914
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 May 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Northera Improves Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Postural
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02558972
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- L-11,388
- Keywords
- Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Vasovagal Syncope (VVS), Fainting, Orthostatic Intolerance, Droxidopa, Northera
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Could not recruit adequate numbers. Largely closed by COVID risk.
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- New York Medical CollegeUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Lundbeck LLC
- Study start
- Sep 2015
- Primary completion
- Dec 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Sep 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Vasovagal syncope (VVS, simple faint) is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness and represents the acute episodic form of orthostatic intolerance (OI). Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is the common chronic form of OI. Both are defined by debilitating symptoms and signs while upright relieved by recumbency. Northera should therefore improve both sympathetic splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction and sympathetic splanchnic venoconstriction in POTS and VVS, and may represent an ideal drug to improve the orthostatic response in POTS and VVS.
Detailed description
Vasovagal syncope (VVS, simple faint) is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness and represents the acute episodic form of orthostatic intolerance (OI). Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is the common chronic form of OI. Both are defined by debilitating symptoms and signs while upright relieved by recumbency. Pathophysiological mechanisms have remained elusive. Most POTS patients and all VVS patients have normal supine resting hemodynamics but excessively redistribute blood flow and blood volume from the central pool to the splanchnic vasculature because of defective splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction and venoconstriction. While peripheral and splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction depend primarily on post-junctional alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, splanchnic venoconstriction also depends on post-junctional alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. Consequently, selective alpha-1 agonists such as midodrine may not produce sufficient splanchnic venoconstriction to compensate for splanchnic pooling in POTS and VVS. Such alpha adrenergic subtype restrictions do not apply to Northera (droxidopa) because it is a norepinephrine (NE) prodrug and therefore increases the amount of synaptic NE that can then bind to both alpha-2 and alpha-1 receptors. Northera should therefore improve both sympathetic splanchnic arterial vasoconstriction and sympathetic splanchnic venoconstriction in POTS and VVS, and may represent an ideal drug to improve the orthostatic response in POTS and VVS. We will test the hypothesis that Northera, in appropriate dose, improves the splanchnic adrenergic deficits that initiate POTS and postural VVS and in sufficient daily dose improves quality of life in these patients. To accomplish this, the investigator will recruit 10 POTS patients aged 18-30 years, 10 similarly aged patients with 2 or more episodes of VVS in the past year (thus defining recurrent VVS) and 10 age and gender matched healthy volunteer control subjects with the following specific aims:
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Northera-single dose | Placebo comparator | Drug: Northera (Droxidopa), Drug: PlaceboStudy #1 -Does single large dose (600mg) of Northera improve upright hemodynamics and orthostatic intolerance in POTS and VVS |
| Northera- chronic administration | Placebo comparator | Drug: Northera (Droxidopa), Drug: PlaceboStudy #2 -Patients will randomized to receive Northera or placebo for two weeks after which they will return for instrumented tilt studies as in Study 1. Doses of Northera will be titrated upwards by 100mg/dose every 48 hours from a starting dose of 100mg three times a day to a maximum of 600mg three times a day. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Both male and female participants are being studied
- Ages 18-30 years old
- POTS cases will be referred for day-to-day Orthostatic Intolerance (OI) with ≥3 symptoms for >6 months.
- POTS will be confirmed by medical history indicating chronic OI, and by a prior 700 tilt table test or standing test showing excessive tachycardia and symptoms OI in the absence of hypotension.
- VVS (fainting) subjects will have at least 2 episodes of postural VVS during the past calendar year.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Only those free from all systemic illnesses will be eligible to participate. This excludes patients with illnesses associated with autonomic dysfunction such as diabetes, renal disease, congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, neoplasm, immune mediated disease, trauma, obesity, cancer, supine or upright hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease.
- No subjects will be taking neurally active, or vasoactive drugs. Prior medication will be stopped for at least 2 weeks.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Northera (Droxidopa)Study #1 -Supine monitoring is performed for 30 minutes before administration of a single 600mg oral dose of Northera or placebo assigned randomly, After 2 hours supine a 70 degree upright tilt will performed for 10 minutes. On another day, subjects previously given Northera will receive placebo and vice versa and studies repeated. | Drug | Northera-single dose |
| PlaceboStudy #1 -Supine monitoring is performed for 30 minutes before administration of a single 600mg oral dose of Northera or placebo assigned randomly, After 2 hours supine a 70 degree upright tilt will performed for 10 minutes. On another day, subjects previously given Northera will receive placebo and vice versa and studies repeated. | Drug | Northera-single dose |
| Northera (Droxidopa)Study #2 -Patients will randomized to receive Northera or placebo for two weeks after which they will return for instrumented tilt studies as in Study 1. Doses of Northera will be titrated upwards by 100mg/dose every 48 hours from a starting dose of 100mg three times a day to a maximum of 600mg three times a day. Doses will be reduced to the preceding dose if systolic BP>140mmHg or diastolic BP>80mmHg measured in the seated position at home using an automated ambulatory blood pressure cuff 2 hours after receiving an oral dose. Doses will also be reduced if supine BP measured with the head of the bed elevated upon awakening in the morning exceeds 150/90 mmHg. Following a 1 week wash out period, subjects will receive the alternative treatment for 2 additional weeks and instrumented laboratory studies repeated. | Drug | Northera- chronic administration |
| PlaceboStudy #2 -Patients will randomized to receive Northera or placebo for two weeks after which they will return for instrumented tilt studies as in Study 1. Doses of Northera will be titrated upwards by 100mg/dose every 48 hours from a starting dose of 100mg three times a day to a maximum of 600mg three times a day. Doses will be reduced to the preceding dose if systolic BP>140mmHg or diastolic BP>80mmHg measured in the seated position at home using an automated ambulatory blood pressure cuff 2 hours after receiving an oral dose. Doses will also be reduced if supine BP measured with the head of the bed elevated upon awakening in the morning exceeds 150/90 mmHg. Following a 1 week wash out period, subjects will receive the alternative treatment for 2 additional weeks and instrumented laboratory studies repeated. | Drug | Northera- chronic administration |
Primary outcome
Study #1 and Study #2 - Splanchnic and lower extremity pooling (physiological parameter)
Time frame: 2 weeks
Splanchnic and lower extremity pooling will be measured before, during, and after upright tilt. The investigators will use both venous occlusion plethysmography and impedance plethysmography. Venous occlusion plethysmography are made in ml/min by rapidly inflating cuffs to a pressure of 45mmHg and then computing the slope of the time dependent increase in cross limb section. During impedance plethysmography, a Tetrapolar High Resolution Impedance monitor 4-channel digital IPG is used to detect changes in regional blood volume and blood flow in ml/min
Study #2 -Quality of Life measured by self reporting questionnaire (RAND-36)
Time frame: 6 weeks
The investigators will test whether chronic administration of Northera (Droxidopa) in escalating dose improves quality of life. Quality of life will be measured by the RAND-36 questionnaire. The RAND-36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered quality-of-life measures. These measures rely upon patient self-reporting. The RAND 36-Item Health Survey (Version 1.0) taps eight health concepts: physical functioning, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical health problems, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue, and general health perceptions. It also includes a single item that provides an indication of perceived change in health. (2-4)
Study #2 -Quality of Life measured by self reporting questionnaire (COMPASS 31)
Time frame: 6 weeks
The investigators will test whether chronic administration of Northera (Droxidopa) in escalating dose improves quality of life. Quality of life will be measured by the RAND-36 questionnaire (as shown in the above primary outcome) as well as the COMPASS 31 questionnaire. The COMPASS 31 "was developed as a self-assessment instrument of autonomic symptoms and function that is up-to-date, broadly applicable, easy to administer in a short amount of time, and based on a scientific approach. It was designed to provide a global autonomic severity score and domain scores that are both clinically and scientifically meaningful." "COMPASS 31 is based on the well-established ASP [Autonomic Symptom Profile], a comprehensive questionnaire assessing autonomic symptoms across multiple domains." (1)
2 secondary outcomes
Study #1 and Study #2 -Blood pressure (BP)
Time frame: 2 weeks
Study #1 and Study #2 -Heart rate (HR)
Time frame: 2 weeks
Results and safety
The study was stopped early (reason given: Could not recruit adequate numbers. Largely closed by COVID risk.). Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 May 2025.
- Background: PubMed 23218087Sletten DM, Suarez GA, Low PA, Mandrekar J, Singer W. COMPASS 31: a refined and abbreviated Composite Autonomic Symptom Score. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Dec;87(12):1196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.10.013.
- Backgroundhttp: and www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/mos/mos_core_36item.html. 36-Item Short Form Survey from the RAND Medical Outcomes Study. 2014.
- Background: PubMed 1301123Hays RD, Shapiro MF. An overview of generic health-related quality of life measures for HIV research. Qual Life Res. 1992 Apr;1(2):91-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00439716.
- Background: PubMed 1593914Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Julian M Stewart, M.D., Ph.D. principal investigator
New York Medical College
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Northera (Droxidopa) in people with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Vasovagal Syncope (VVS), run by New York Medical College at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 May 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early (reason given: Could not recruit adequate numbers. Largely closed by COVID risk.). Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Study #1 and Study #2 - Splanchnic and lower extremity pooling (physiological parameter) (time frame: 2 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02558972, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 May 2025.