AutoimmuneNCT02394964
The Human Microbiome in Immune-Mediated Diseases
An observational study of Autoimmune, run by Yale University at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The immune system is influenced by the commensal microbes that live in the gut and on the skin. This study aims to characterize the microbiota of subjects with autoimmune disease in order to determine whether certain microbial species may cause or worsen immune-mediated diseases Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Autoimmune
- What is being tested?
- Sample Collection
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Nov 2014to Dec 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Subjects with immune-mediated disorders including but not limited to: systemic lupus, cutaneous lupus, Sjogren's Syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, celiac sprue with or without dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, ANCA-associated vasculitis
Who may be able to join
- 18 years of age and older
- Diagnosis of an immune-mediated disease by a healthcare provider, including but not limited to: systemic lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
- Exclusion criteria for pilot study (subjects enrolled in the exploratory mechanistic study arm will not be required to meet exclusion criteria and may be enrolled if the investigators believe that the subject can help address the scientific aim)..
Who cannot join
- Ongoing chronic infection (viral, bacterial or fungal) including known HIV, Hepatitis B/C
- Acute infection receiving any antibiotics or any use of antibiotics within 90 days prior to screening
- For skin swab collection (see also appendix D):
- No use of topical antibiotics within 7-days prior to collection of swab, other than use in normal hand washing.
- No use of topical antimicrobial products (as outlined in appendix F) within 48 hours prior to collection of swab
- Subject must not have bathed within 8-hours of swab collection.
Show all 19Show fewer
- For oral swab collection (see also appendix D):
- No use of antiseptic mouth washes (as outlined in appendix F) within 48 hours of swab collection
- Subjects must not have brushed teeth or flossed within 8-hours of swab collection
- Major gastrointestinal surgery less than 5 years prior to enrollment (with the exception of appendectomy)
- Any Gastrointestinal bleeding history
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease diagnosed by biopsy
- Bulimia or anorexia nervosa
- Probiotics (greater than estimated 109 cfu or organisms per day) within 90 days prior to enrollment (with the exception of fermented beverages, milks or yogurts).
- Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40)
- Type I Diabetes Mellitus
- Diabetes Mellitus type 2, poorly controlled defined as Hgb A1c greater than 8% on medical therapy
- Malignancy within one year prior to screening (with the exception of non-metastatic squamous or basal cell skin carcinomas and cervical carcinoma if received curative surgical treatment)
- Known illicit drug or alcohol abuse
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Yale New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut, 06519
Hospital for Special Surgery
New York, New York, 10021
About this study
The immune system is influenced by the commensal microbes that live in the gut and on the skin. This study aims to characterize the microbiota of subjects with autoimmune disease in order to determine whether certain microbial species may cause or worsen immune-mediated diseases
Read the detailed description
This is a combination of a defined pilot microbiome study as well as exploratory mechanistic research with candidate commensals identified based on known structures accessible in public databases. In the observational prospective two-center study, subjects will be followed for 8 weeks. The study will consist of a total of 3 study visits (0, 4 and 8 weeks). Screening and baseline visits (week 0) will take place at the same time. A study window period of +/- 7 days will be allowed for follow-up study visits. The mechanistic in vitro research with subjects' blood cells and candidate commensals will typically require between 2-4 visits for sampling, but will not be limited by the frequency of visits.
- Conditions
- Autoimmune
- Being tested
- Sample Collection
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sample CollectionOther
Sample collection of blood, stool, and buccal and skin swab samples will be collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Blood, stool, and swab samples will be collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8 and compared with control samples Receives: Other: Sample Collection | |
| Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus | Blood, stool, and swab samples will be collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8 and compared with control samples Receives: Other: Sample Collection | |
| Control | Blood, stool, and swab samples will be collected for comparison to each disease group Receives: Other: Sample Collection | |
| Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma | Blood and swab samples will be collected for comparison to each disease group Receives: Other: Sample Collection | |
| Autoimmune Disorders | Blood, stool, and swab samples will be collected for comparison to each disease group Receives: Other: Sample Collection |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Difference in Commensal bacteria
Difference in disease group vs. control commensal bacteria will be compared by looking at the relative abundances of the microbiota
Measured: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Immune Cross-reactivity with commensal bacteria
T and B cells in patients with immune-mediated diseases will cross react with specific microbial antigens
Measured: 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2015 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2014
- Primary completionDec 2023
- Study completionDec 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AutoimmuneStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Yale UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yale University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Arthritis Foundation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Martin Kriegel, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Yale University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02394964
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1408014402
- Other IDs
- U01AI101990, R01AI118855-01
- Status last verified
- Dec 2023
- First submitted
- 16 Mar 2015
- Last updated
- 21 Dec 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ruff WE, Greiling TM, Kriegel MA. Host-microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020 Sep;18(9):521-538. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0367-2. Epub 2020 May 26.
PubMed 32457482Zegarra-Ruiz DF, El Beidaq A, Iniguez AJ, Lubrano Di Ricco M, Manfredo Vieira S, Ruff WE, Mubiru D, Fine RL, Sterpka J, Greiling TM, Dehner C, Kriegel MA. A Diet-Sensitive Commensal Lactobacillus Strain Mediates TLR7-Dependent Systemic Autoimmunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Jan 9;25(1):113-127.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.009. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
PubMed 30581114Ruff WE, Dehner C, Kim WJ, Pagovich O, Aguiar CL, Yu AT, Roth AS, Vieira SM, Kriegel C, Adeniyi O, Mulla MJ, Abrahams VM, Kwok WW, Nussinov R, Erkan D, Goodman AL, Kriegel MA. Pathogenic Autoreactive T and B Cells Cross-React with Mimotopes Expressed by a Common Human Gut Commensal to Trigger Autoimmunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Jul 10;26(1):100-113.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
PubMed 31227334Greiling TM, Dehner C, Chen X, Hughes K, Iniguez AJ, Boccitto M, Ruiz DZ, Renfroe SC, Vieira SM, Ruff WE, Sim S, Kriegel C, Glanternik J, Chen X, Girardi M, Degnan P, Costenbader KH, Goodman AL, Wolin SL, Kriegel MA. Commensal orthologs of the human autoantigen Ro60 as triggers of autoimmunity in lupus. Sci Transl Med. 2018 Mar 28;10(434):eaan2306. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2306.
PubMed 29593104Manfredo Vieira S, Hiltensperger M, Kumar V, Zegarra-Ruiz D, Dehner C, Khan N, Costa FRC, Tiniakou E, Greiling T, Ruff W, Barbieri A, Kriegel C, Mehta SS, Knight JR, Jain D, Goodman AL, Kriegel MA. Translocation of a gut pathobiont drives autoimmunity in mice and humans. Science. 2018 Mar 9;359(6380):1156-1161. doi: 10.1126/science.aar7201.
PubMed 29590047Zhou H, Balint D, Shi Q, Vartanian T, Kriegel MA, Brito I. Lupus and inflammatory bowel disease share a common set of microbiome features distinct from other autoimmune disorders. Ann Rheum Dis. 2025 Jan;84(1):93-105. doi: 10.1136/ard-2024-225829. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
PubMed 39874239
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Dec 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Human Microbiome in Immune-Mediated Diseases
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02394964
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1408014402
- Conditions
- Autoimmune
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yale UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Arthritis Foundation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- Study start
- Nov 2014
- Primary completion
- Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The immune system is influenced by the commensal microbes that live in the gut and on the skin. This study aims to characterize the microbiota of subjects with autoimmune disease in order to determine whether certain microbial species may cause or worsen immune-mediated diseases
Detailed description
This is a combination of a defined pilot microbiome study as well as exploratory mechanistic research with candidate commensals identified based on known structures accessible in public databases. In the observational prospective two-center study, subjects will be followed for 8 weeks. The study will consist of a total of 3 study visits (0, 4 and 8 weeks). Screening and baseline visits (week 0) will take place at the same time. A study window period of +/- 7 days will be allowed for follow-up study visits. The mechanistic in vitro research with subjects' blood cells and candidate commensals will typically require between 2-4 visits for sampling, but will not be limited by the frequency of visits.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 5
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | – | Other: Sample CollectionBlood, stool, and swab samples will be collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8 and compared with control samples |
| Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus | – | Other: Sample CollectionBlood, stool, and swab samples will be collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8 and compared with control samples |
| Control | – | Other: Sample CollectionBlood, stool, and swab samples will be collected for comparison to each disease group |
| Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma | – | Other: Sample CollectionBlood and swab samples will be collected for comparison to each disease group |
| Autoimmune Disorders | – | Other: Sample CollectionBlood, stool, and swab samples will be collected for comparison to each disease group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Subjects with immune-mediated disorders including but not limited to: systemic lupus, cutaneous lupus, Sjogren's Syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, celiac sprue with or without dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, ANCA-associated vasculitis
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- 18 years of age and older
- Diagnosis of an immune-mediated disease by a healthcare provider, including but not limited to: systemic lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
- Exclusion criteria for pilot study (subjects enrolled in the exploratory mechanistic study arm will not be required to meet exclusion criteria and may be enrolled if the investigators believe that the subject can help address the scientific aim)..
Key exclusion criteria (19 listed)
- Ongoing chronic infection (viral, bacterial or fungal) including known HIV, Hepatitis B/C
- Acute infection receiving any antibiotics or any use of antibiotics within 90 days prior to screening
- For skin swab collection (see also appendix D):
- For oral swab collection (see also appendix D):
- Major gastrointestinal surgery less than 5 years prior to enrollment (with the exception of appendectomy)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sample CollectionSample collection of blood, stool, and buccal and skin swab samples will be collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8 | Other | Autoimmune Disorders, Control, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
Primary outcome
Difference in Commensal bacteria
Time frame: 8 weeks
Difference in disease group vs. control commensal bacteria will be compared by looking at the relative abundances of the microbiota
1 secondary outcome
Immune Cross-reactivity with commensal bacteria
Time frame: 8 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Dec 2023.
- Background: PubMed 32457482Ruff WE, Greiling TM, Kriegel MA. Host-microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020 Sep;18(9):521-538. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0367-2. Epub 2020 May 26.
- Results publication: PubMed 30581114Zegarra-Ruiz DF, El Beidaq A, Iniguez AJ, Lubrano Di Ricco M, Manfredo Vieira S, Ruff WE, Mubiru D, Fine RL, Sterpka J, Greiling TM, Dehner C, Kriegel MA. A Diet-Sensitive Commensal Lactobacillus Strain Mediates TLR7-Dependent Systemic Autoimmunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Jan 9;25(1):113-127.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.009. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
- Results publication: PubMed 31227334Ruff WE, Dehner C, Kim WJ, Pagovich O, Aguiar CL, Yu AT, Roth AS, Vieira SM, Kriegel C, Adeniyi O, Mulla MJ, Abrahams VM, Kwok WW, Nussinov R, Erkan D, Goodman AL, Kriegel MA. Pathogenic Autoreactive T and B Cells Cross-React with Mimotopes Expressed by a Common Human Gut Commensal to Trigger Autoimmunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Jul 10;26(1):100-113.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 29593104Greiling TM, Dehner C, Chen X, Hughes K, Iniguez AJ, Boccitto M, Ruiz DZ, Renfroe SC, Vieira SM, Ruff WE, Sim S, Kriegel C, Glanternik J, Chen X, Girardi M, Degnan P, Costenbader KH, Goodman AL, Wolin SL, Kriegel MA. Commensal orthologs of the human autoantigen Ro60 as triggers of autoimmunity in lupus. Sci Transl Med. 2018 Mar 28;10(434):eaan2306. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2306.
- Results publication: PubMed 29590047Manfredo Vieira S, Hiltensperger M, Kumar V, Zegarra-Ruiz D, Dehner C, Khan N, Costa FRC, Tiniakou E, Greiling T, Ruff W, Barbieri A, Kriegel C, Mehta SS, Knight JR, Jain D, Goodman AL, Kriegel MA. Translocation of a gut pathobiont drives autoimmunity in mice and humans. Science. 2018 Mar 9;359(6380):1156-1161. doi: 10.1126/science.aar7201.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39874239Zhou H, Balint D, Shi Q, Vartanian T, Kriegel MA, Brito I. Lupus and inflammatory bowel disease share a common set of microbiome features distinct from other autoimmune disorders. Ann Rheum Dis. 2025 Jan;84(1):93-105. doi: 10.1136/ard-2024-225829. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Martin Kriegel, MD, PhD principal investigator
Yale University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Autoimmune, run by Yale University at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Dec 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Difference in Commensal bacteria (time frame: 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02394964, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Dec 2023.