OsteoarthritisNCT01557751
Acute Pain Genomic Study
A study testing Whole blood for genotyping in people with Osteoarthritis and Postoperative Pain, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
In preparation for future large-scale genome wide association studies, reliable methods must be developed for measuring perceived pain and for estimating the effects of potentially confounding factors such as appropriate covariates. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Osteoarthritis, Postoperative Pain
- What is being tested?
- Whole blood for genotyping
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 156 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Feb 2010to 8 Apr 2012
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age >18
- Undergoing a primary, unilateral total knee arthroplasty for the first time
- Willing and able to provide informed consent
- Caucasian
- Non-hispanic
Who cannot join
- Contraindication or refusal for peripheral nerve blocks
- Any chronic pain condition which may confound the study per investigator's opinion
- Chronic opioid dependence per investigator's opinion
- Any diagnosis for total knee arthroplasty other than degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis
- Evidence of clinical dementia, dementia, delirium, or any cognitive disorder which inhibits the subject's ability to comprehend and cooperate with researchers
- Revision or any knee surgery that is not a primary, unilateral, elective total knee arthroplasty being performed for the first time
Show all 11Show fewer
- Any criteria that in the investigator's opinion would prohibit the subject from following
- Hispanic ethnicity
- Any race other than caucasian
- Subjects with knee flexion contracture (which is clinically defined for the purpose of our protocol as more than 15 degrees of knee contracture)
- Pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15232
About this study
Official title: Preliminary Studies for Whole Genome Association Study (WGAS) in Acute Perioperative Pain
In preparation for future large-scale genome wide association studies, reliable methods must be developed for measuring perceived pain and for estimating the effects of potentially confounding factors such as appropriate covariates. The major objectives of our pilot investigation are to develop optimal methods to characterize the primary endpoint of the study-knee pain, and to gather preliminary data on genetic markers in the human genome that are associated with a certain pain phenotype. The specific issues for this study will be to carry out a preliminary gene association analysis of acute perioperative pain in individuals undergoing total knee replacement and to define a pain phenotype that is composed of multidimensional domains such as opioid consumption, inflammatory markers, anxiety level, degree of catastrophizing, etc. This pain phenotype has to be sensitive enough to pick up changes in pain experience that can be attributed to single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Read the detailed description
In spite of advances in postoperative management and the standardization of postoperative care, there is a wide variability in the degree of pain relief achieved which cannot be accounted for. The aim of this study is to devise a method for defining a pain phenotype sensitive enough to detect differences in genetic makeup between individuals who undergo a standard surgical procedure (total knee replacement). This methodology will serve as a pilot study for future genome wide association studies. Given the multidimensional aspects of pain experience, the phenotype will be combined of various dimensions comprising postoperative pain. Reports about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which account for some of the variability of pain, have been reported in the literature using different pain models. To test the sensitivity of our method of phenotyping, the investigators aim to determine if variability in our clinical phenotypes can be explained by some of the SNPs published in the literature. Patients scheduled for elective unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty will be asked to report on various clinical pain variables, fill psychometric questionnaires, be subjected to quantitative sensory testing, genotyped for a genes associated with pain, and additional SNPs. A composite pain profile will be composed for each patient initially examining five candidate genes and related SNPs to find out the SNPs that are significantly associated with given pain phenotypes. Samples will be banked for future study of other genes associated with pain. Other clinical variables will be collected (e.g. opioid consumption). At six and twelve months, psychological questionnaires and pain questionnaires will be sent to patient. A model using pain during physical therapy as the dependent variable will be fit to the data. Knee joint fluid, urine, and serum will be collected from approximately 30% of the subjects who provide their additional consent cytokine and other inflammatory marker analysis. All biological specimens will be banked for future analysis. This is a pilot, preliminary study which will assess patients prospectively and attempt to correlate markers on genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms with patient phenotypes. This method which will serve as the foundation for a future genome wide association study of pain. This is a preliminary, developmental, prospective follow-up study to develop a tool that will be sensitive and specific enough to be used in a large-scale candidate genome association pain study.
- Conditions
- Osteoarthritis, Postoperative Pain
- Being tested
- Whole blood for genotyping
- Keywords
- Total knee arthroplasty, Total knee replacement, Genetics of pain
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoarthritis, Pain, Postoperative
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Whole blood for genotypingGenetic
This study requires genotyping by extracting DNA from blood sample. A blood sample will be drawn once during visit 2 (day of surgery) or any other time prior to that after the signing of informed consent. Four vacutainers of which hold 8.5 mL will be drawn during this time totaling approximately 34 mL of blood which completes the genomic sampling portion of the study.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Total knee arthroplasty subjects who are genotyped | Other | All patients will have whole blood drawn for genotyping, and participate in the various assessments (psychosocial questionnaires, qualitative sensory testing, etc). Receives: Genetic: Whole blood for genotyping |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
NRS-Pain With Movement on POD 2
The primary endpoint is the pain reported by subjects, using the NRS-Pain with movement on the second day after surgery.The assumption behind this study is that certain genetic variants (e.g. single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are responsible for part of total variation of certain clinical phenotypes (e.g. post-operative pain here).
Numeric Rating Score Pain Assessment (0-10 scale where 0 indicates no pain at all and 10 indicates the worst pain imaginable) on Post Op Day 2, Pain with Movement
Measured: Postoperative day (POD) 2
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Mar 2012 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2010
- Primary completion8 Apr 2011
- Study completion8 Apr 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for OsteoarthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PittsburghThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 156 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pittsburgh
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jacques E. Chelly, University of Pittsburgh
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01557751
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PRO09050171
- Other IDs
- N08PC10039, 1406-0408-CT-20481
- Status last verified
- May 2023
- First submitted
- 15 Mar 2012
- Last updated
- 12 May 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Belfer I, Wu T, Kingman A, Krishnaraju RK, Goldman D, Max MB. Candidate gene studies of human pain mechanisms: methods for optimizing choice of polymorphisms and sample size. Anesthesiology. 2004 Jun;100(6):1562-72. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200406000-00032. No abstract available.
PubMed 15166579Tegeder I, Costigan M, Griffin RS, Abele A, Belfer I, Schmidt H, Ehnert C, Nejim J, Marian C, Scholz J, Wu T, Allchorne A, Diatchenko L, Binshtok AM, Goldman D, Adolph J, Sama S, Atlas SJ, Carlezon WA, Parsegian A, Lotsch J, Fillingim RB, Maixner W, Geisslinger G, Max MB, Woolf CJ. GTP cyclohydrolase and tetrahydrobiopterin regulate pain sensitivity and persistence. Nat Med. 2006 Nov;12(11):1269-77. doi: 10.1038/nm1490. Epub 2006 Oct 22.
PubMed 17057711Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Berger RA, Hallab NJ, Saha C, Negrescu C, Moric M, Caicedo MS, Tuman KJ. Upregulation of prostaglandin E2 and interleukins in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue during and after surgery in humans. Anesthesiology. 2006 Mar;104(3):403-10. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200603000-00005.
PubMed 16508385Tegeder I, Adolph J, Schmidt H, Woolf CJ, Geisslinger G, Lotsch J. Reduced hyperalgesia in homozygous carriers of a GTP cyclohydrolase 1 haplotype. Eur J Pain. 2008 Nov;12(8):1069-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.02.004. Epub 2008 Apr 18.
PubMed 18374612Silverman DG, O'Connor TZ, Brull SJ. Integrated assessment of pain scores and rescue morphine use during studies of analgesic efficacy. Anesth Analg. 1993 Jul;77(1):168-70. No abstract available.
PubMed 8317727Rolke R, Baron R, Maier C, Tolle TR, Treede -DR, Beyer A, Binder A, Birbaumer N, Birklein F, Botefur IC, Braune S, Flor H, Huge V, Klug R, Landwehrmeyer GB, Magerl W, Maihofner C, Rolko C, Schaub C, Scherens A, Sprenger T, Valet M, Wasserka B. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values. Pain. 2006 Aug;123(3):231-243. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.041. Epub 2006 May 11.
PubMed 16697110Reynolds LW, Hoo RK, Brill RJ, North J, Recker DP, Verburg KM. The COX-2 specific inhibitor, valdecoxib, is an effective, opioid-sparing analgesic in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003 Feb;25(2):133-41. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(02)00637-1.
PubMed 12590029Max MB, Stewart WF. The molecular epidemiology of pain: a new discipline for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Aug;7(8):647-58. doi: 10.1038/nrd2595. Epub 2008 Jun 27.
PubMed 18587382Khan AA, Owatz CB, Schindler WG, Schwartz SA, Keiser K, Hargreaves KM. Measurement of mechanical allodynia and local anesthetic efficacy in patients with irreversible pulpitis and acute periradicular periodontitis. J Endod. 2007 Jul;33(7):796-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.021. Epub 2007 Mar 26.
PubMed 17804314Kalff JC, Turler A, Schwarz NT, Schraut WH, Lee KK, Tweardy DJ, Billiar TR, Simmons RL, Bauer AJ. Intra-abdominal activation of a local inflammatory response within the human muscularis externa during laparotomy. Ann Surg. 2003 Mar;237(3):301-15. doi: 10.1097/01.SLA.0000055742.79045.7E.
PubMed 12616113Gueorguieva RV, Sanacora G. Joint analysis of repeatedly observed continuous and ordinal measures of disease severity. Stat Med. 2006 Apr 30;25(8):1307-22. doi: 10.1002/sim.2270.
PubMed 16217846Granot M, Ferber SG. The roles of pain catastrophizing and anxiety in the prediction of postoperative pain intensity: a prospective study. Clin J Pain. 2005 Sep-Oct;21(5):439-45. doi: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000135236.12705.2d.
PubMed 16093750Dionne RA, Berthold CW. Therapeutic uses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dentistry. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2001;12(4):315-30. doi: 10.1177/10454411010120040301.
PubMed 11603504Dina OA, Hucho T, Yeh J, Malik-Hall M, Reichling DB, Levine JD. Primary afferent second messenger cascades interact with specific integrin subunits in producing inflammatory hyperalgesia. Pain. 2005 May;115(1-2):191-203. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.02.028.
PubMed 15836982Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Sensory assessment of regional analgesia in humans: a review of methods and applications. Anesthesiology. 2000 Dec;93(6):1517-30. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200012000-00025. No abstract available.
PubMed 11149448
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 May 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Preliminary Studies for Whole Genome Association Study (WGAS) in Acute Perioperative Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01557751
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PRO09050171
- Conditions
- Osteoarthritis, Postoperative Pain
- Keywords
- Total knee arthroplasty, Total knee replacement, Genetics of pain
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 156 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PittsburghUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
- Study start
- Feb 2010
- Primary completion
- 8 Apr 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Apr 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Mar 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 24 May 2018
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In preparation for future large-scale genome wide association studies, reliable methods must be developed for measuring perceived pain and for estimating the effects of potentially confounding factors such as appropriate covariates. The major objectives of our pilot investigation are to develop optimal methods to characterize the primary endpoint of the study-knee pain, and to gather preliminary data on genetic markers in the human genome that are associated with a certain pain phenotype. The specific issues for this study will be to carry out a preliminary gene association analysis of acute perioperative pain in individuals undergoing total knee replacement and to define a pain phenotype that is composed of multidimensional domains such as opioid consumption, inflammatory markers, anxiety level, degree of catastrophizing, etc. This pain phenotype has to be sensitive enough to pick up changes in pain experience that can be attributed to single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Detailed description
In spite of advances in postoperative management and the standardization of postoperative care, there is a wide variability in the degree of pain relief achieved which cannot be accounted for. The aim of this study is to devise a method for defining a pain phenotype sensitive enough to detect differences in genetic makeup between individuals who undergo a standard surgical procedure (total knee replacement). This methodology will serve as a pilot study for future genome wide association studies. Given the multidimensional aspects of pain experience, the phenotype will be combined of various dimensions comprising postoperative pain. Reports about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which account for some of the variability of pain, have been reported in the literature using different pain models. To test the sensitivity of our method of phenotyping, the investigators aim to determine if variability in our clinical phenotypes can be explained by some of the SNPs published in the literature. Patients scheduled for elective unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty will be asked to report on various clinical pain variables, fill psychometric questionnaires, be subjected to quantitative sensory testing, genotyped for a genes associated with pain, and additional SNPs. A composite pain profile will be composed for each patient initially examining five candidate genes and related SNPs to find out the SNPs that are significantly associated with given pain phenotypes. Samples will be banked for future study of other genes associated with pain. Other clinical variables will be collected (e.g. opioid consumption). At six and twelve months, psychological questionnaires and pain questionnaires will be sent to patient. A model using pain during physical therapy as the dependent variable will be fit to the data. Knee joint fluid, urine, and serum will be collected from approximately 30% of the subjects who provide their additional consent cytokine and other inflammatory marker analysis. All biological specimens will be banked for future analysis. This is a pilot, preliminary study which will assess patients prospectively and attempt to correlate markers on genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms with patient phenotypes. This method which will serve as the foundation for a future genome wide association study of pain. This is a preliminary, developmental, prospective follow-up study to develop a tool that will be sensitive and specific enough to be used in a large-scale candidate genome association pain study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Total knee arthroplasty subjects who are genotyped | Other | Genetic: Whole blood for genotypingAll patients will have whole blood drawn for genotyping, and participate in the various assessments (psychosocial questionnaires, qualitative sensory testing, etc). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age >18
- Undergoing a primary, unilateral total knee arthroplasty for the first time
- Willing and able to provide informed consent
- Caucasian
- Non-hispanic
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Contraindication or refusal for peripheral nerve blocks
- Any chronic pain condition which may confound the study per investigator's opinion
- Chronic opioid dependence per investigator's opinion
- Any diagnosis for total knee arthroplasty other than degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis
- Evidence of clinical dementia, dementia, delirium, or any cognitive disorder which inhibits the subject's ability to comprehend and cooperate with researchers
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Whole blood for genotypingThis study requires genotyping by extracting DNA from blood sample. A blood sample will be drawn once during visit 2 (day of surgery) or any other time prior to that after the signing of informed consent. Four vacutainers of which hold 8.5 mL will be drawn during this time totaling approximately 34 mL of blood which completes the genomic sampling portion of the study. | Genetic | Total knee arthroplasty subjects who are genotyped |
Primary outcome
NRS-Pain With Movement on POD 2
Time frame: Postoperative day (POD) 2
The primary endpoint is the pain reported by subjects, using the NRS-Pain with movement on the second day after surgery.The assumption behind this study is that certain genetic variants (e.g. single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are responsible for part of total variation of certain clinical phenotypes (e.g. post-operative pain here). Numeric Rating Score Pain Assessment (0-10 scale where 0 indicates no pain at all and 10 indicates the worst pain imaginable) on Post Op Day 2, Pain with Movement
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 May 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 15166579Belfer I, Wu T, Kingman A, Krishnaraju RK, Goldman D, Max MB. Candidate gene studies of human pain mechanisms: methods for optimizing choice of polymorphisms and sample size. Anesthesiology. 2004 Jun;100(6):1562-72. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200406000-00032. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 17057711Tegeder I, Costigan M, Griffin RS, Abele A, Belfer I, Schmidt H, Ehnert C, Nejim J, Marian C, Scholz J, Wu T, Allchorne A, Diatchenko L, Binshtok AM, Goldman D, Adolph J, Sama S, Atlas SJ, Carlezon WA, Parsegian A, Lotsch J, Fillingim RB, Maixner W, Geisslinger G, Max MB, Woolf CJ. GTP cyclohydrolase and tetrahydrobiopterin regulate pain sensitivity and persistence. Nat Med. 2006 Nov;12(11):1269-77. doi: 10.1038/nm1490. Epub 2006 Oct 22.
- Background: PubMed 16508385Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Berger RA, Hallab NJ, Saha C, Negrescu C, Moric M, Caicedo MS, Tuman KJ. Upregulation of prostaglandin E2 and interleukins in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue during and after surgery in humans. Anesthesiology. 2006 Mar;104(3):403-10. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200603000-00005.
- Background: PubMed 18374612Tegeder I, Adolph J, Schmidt H, Woolf CJ, Geisslinger G, Lotsch J. Reduced hyperalgesia in homozygous carriers of a GTP cyclohydrolase 1 haplotype. Eur J Pain. 2008 Nov;12(8):1069-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.02.004. Epub 2008 Apr 18.
- Background: PubMed 8317727Silverman DG, O'Connor TZ, Brull SJ. Integrated assessment of pain scores and rescue morphine use during studies of analgesic efficacy. Anesth Analg. 1993 Jul;77(1):168-70. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 16697110Rolke R, Baron R, Maier C, Tolle TR, Treede -DR, Beyer A, Binder A, Birbaumer N, Birklein F, Botefur IC, Braune S, Flor H, Huge V, Klug R, Landwehrmeyer GB, Magerl W, Maihofner C, Rolko C, Schaub C, Scherens A, Sprenger T, Valet M, Wasserka B. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values. Pain. 2006 Aug;123(3):231-243. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.041. Epub 2006 May 11.
- Background: PubMed 12590029Reynolds LW, Hoo RK, Brill RJ, North J, Recker DP, Verburg KM. The COX-2 specific inhibitor, valdecoxib, is an effective, opioid-sparing analgesic in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003 Feb;25(2):133-41. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(02)00637-1.
- Background: PubMed 18587382Max MB, Stewart WF. The molecular epidemiology of pain: a new discipline for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Aug;7(8):647-58. doi: 10.1038/nrd2595. Epub 2008 Jun 27.
- Background: PubMed 17804314Khan AA, Owatz CB, Schindler WG, Schwartz SA, Keiser K, Hargreaves KM. Measurement of mechanical allodynia and local anesthetic efficacy in patients with irreversible pulpitis and acute periradicular periodontitis. J Endod. 2007 Jul;33(7):796-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.021. Epub 2007 Mar 26.
- Background: PubMed 12616113Kalff JC, Turler A, Schwarz NT, Schraut WH, Lee KK, Tweardy DJ, Billiar TR, Simmons RL, Bauer AJ. Intra-abdominal activation of a local inflammatory response within the human muscularis externa during laparotomy. Ann Surg. 2003 Mar;237(3):301-15. doi: 10.1097/01.SLA.0000055742.79045.7E.
- Background: PubMed 16217846Gueorguieva RV, Sanacora G. Joint analysis of repeatedly observed continuous and ordinal measures of disease severity. Stat Med. 2006 Apr 30;25(8):1307-22. doi: 10.1002/sim.2270.
- Background: PubMed 16093750Granot M, Ferber SG. The roles of pain catastrophizing and anxiety in the prediction of postoperative pain intensity: a prospective study. Clin J Pain. 2005 Sep-Oct;21(5):439-45. doi: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000135236.12705.2d.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Whole blood for genotyping in people with Osteoarthritis and Postoperative Pain, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 May 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 24 May 2018). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
NRS-Pain With Movement on POD 2 (time frame: Postoperative day (POD) 2). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01557751, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 May 2023.