Chronic PainNCT00957164
Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Chronic Pain After Traumatic Orthopedic Injury
A study testing Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol, Chronic Pain Management Treatment and Self-Care in people with Chronic Pain and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, run by The University of Texas at Arlington at 4 sites in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of multiple treatment options in addressing the co-morbidity between pain and PTSD symptoms. Recent research has suggested that pain and PTSD co-morbidity presents unique problems for pain and PTSD treatment, and new approaches are desperately needed to address this… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Pain, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol, Chronic Pain Management Treatment and Self-Care
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 51 participants
- Where
- 4 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Aug 2009to Sep 2013
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- age 18 years or older
- hospital admission for any traumatic orthopedic injury defined as any musculo-skeletal injury requiring convalescence and/or surgery that is deployment related.
- Fluency in English
- Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) = 15 at time of hospital discharge
- willingness and ability to meet study follow-up requirements
- PTSD CheckList - Military (PCL-M) > 30
Show all 12Show fewer
- duration of any amount of pain >12 weeks based on self-report and date of injury, and PTSD symptoms of > to 4 weeks.
- Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) > 30
- no current need for surgical intervention for pain
- be stable on any psychotropic medications they may be taking. (Participants will be required to meet psychotropic medication stabilization criteria for the periods preceding and overlapping with the diagnostic assessment and treatment. This criterion is established in order to minimize the likelihood that significant outcome effects may be attributed to changes in psychotropic medications rather than to the treatment protocol.)
- medically cleared for study participation by Orthopedic provider or collaborating study physician
- Active Duty Military, Reserve, or Activated Reservist
Who cannot join
- head injury greater than mild TBI as assessed by an inability to consent to the study and complete the baseline psychological testing
- current pregnancy will exclude participation in Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) assessment, but not study participation. Pregnancy will be assessed by self-report
- current diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other psychotic disorder as identified by clinical interview
- primary diagnosis of burn injury, though burn patients will be eligible if burn is a secondary diagnosis and not the primary reason for pain
- participant is currently taking a benzodiazepine medication for PTSD symptoms
- unstable suicidal ideation
- currently receiving prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD
Trial locations and contacts
4 sites in 1 country.
United States4 sites
The University of Texas at Arlington
Arlington, Texas, 76019
Brooke Army Medical Center
Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Wilford Hall Medical Center
Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, 78236
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas, 78229
About this study
Official title: Treatment of PTSD and Chronic Pain After Traumatic Orthopedic Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial
The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of multiple treatment options in addressing the co-morbidity between pain and PTSD symptoms. Recent research has suggested that pain and PTSD co-morbidity presents unique problems for pain and PTSD treatment, and new approaches are desperately needed to address this issue. To this end, the investigators hope to identify the efficacy of a combined pain and PTSD psychosocial treatment protocol compared to that of stand-alone psychosocial treatments for pain and PTSD. The primary measure for treatment efficacy will be treatment-related changes in measures of psychosocial and functional outcomes associated with chronic pain and PTSD conditions. The investigators will additionally measure socioeconomic outcomes including return to pre-trauma job (or a job of similar capacity), maintenance of active duty work at pre-trauma capacity for 6 and/or 12 months after return, and number of healthcare appointments made between follow-ups for pain or PTSD treatment.
Read the detailed description
This study will use a four-group randomized experimental design similar to that used in a study currently being conducted by John Otis with VA patients with chronic pain/chronic PTSD. The four groups will include Pain Treatment (PAIN) only, PTSD Treatment (PTSD) only, Pain and PTSD Treatments (PAIN+PTSD), and treatment as usual (TAU). The investigators hypothesize that treating individuals with chronic pain and PTSD (e.g., more than 6 months in duration) symptoms through a proven psychosocial model will help to improve psychological, socioeconomic and physical symptoms of these chronic clinical syndromes that have been shown to be unfortunately recalcitrant to treatment and enormously costly both to society healthcare and, more importantly, to the person suffering from enduring pain and traumatic stress. We further hope to demonstrate the efficacy of these early treatments in facilitating the return to active duty of military personnel suffering from pain and traumatic stress. Finally, we hope to positively impact other psychosocial and socioeconomic outcomes such as work retention (as measured by self-report work status and retention of work at 6- and 12-month follow-up), additional health-care utilization (as measured by self-report of number of PTSD or pain-related healthcare visits), depression symptoms (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory), health-related quality of life (as measured by the SF-36), and perceived disability (as measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale). Evaluations of these four groups will be conducted at pre-treatment, immediately at the post-treatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up periods in order to determine differential outcomes on variables such as PTSD and pain symptom presence/severity, self-reported pain and disability, functional gains, satisfaction with treatment, return to active duty, retention of pre-trauma work capacity at 6- and 12-month follow-up, and additional health-care utilization as measured by number of healthcare appointments attended for pain or PTSD symptom management. The initial post-treatment evaluation will occur at the end of the ten-week treatment interval for each individual's randomization block. For those in the treatment as usual (TAU) group, post-treatment assessment will occur ten weeks after pre-treatment assessment is completed. Changes in functional activity status, psychosocial functioning, and satisfaction with treatment will also be systematically evaluated before, immediately after, and during the post-treatment periods. It should be noted that many of the PAIN-only, and TAU subjects may receive some type of standard care for PTSD symptoms if they access those services on their own. The same could be true for the PTSD-only and TAU subjects. They may also receive some type of standard care for pain symptoms that they access on their own. The investigators will monitor any such services received in order to attempt to control for possible spurious effects of outside treatment in later analyses.
- Conditions
- Chronic Pain, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- Being tested
- Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol, Chronic Pain Management Treatment, Self-Care
- Keywords
- Chronic pain, PTSD
- Medical subject headings
- Chronic Pain, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Brief Prolonged Exposure ProtocolBehavioural
The PTSD treatment used in this study is an adaptation of a brief Prolonged Exposure treatment protocol for PTSD as illustrated in a 2005 paper published by Cigrang, Peterson, and Schobitz 54 in which a 4-session prolonged exposure treatment was used to address PTSD symptoms in three injured soldiers recently exposed to trauma. The authors found a 50+% decrease in PTSD symptoms after these four sessions. The present study will rely upon a similar brief PTSD intervention for treating chronic PTSD among trauma-exposed injured active duty service members. The PTSD intervention will be expanded into five sessions over 5 weeks to include an initial session for assessment and education on the co-morbidity of pain and PTSD. All PTSD treatment will be provided under the direct care or supervision of a Master Trained therapist in Prolonged Exposure.
Chronic Pain Management TreatmentBehavioural
Pain treatment will involve five-sessions over 5 weeks of individual treatment protocol based on the existing chronic pain management program through the Clinical Health Psychology Service at Wilford Hall Medical Center. This treatment will involve covering the difference between chronic and acute pain, the role of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional variables in pain progression, and ways to manage these variables to prevent the development of chronic pain.
Self-CareBehavioural
participants randomized to either the Pain-only or PTSD-only groups will receive five sessions of pain- or PTSD-specific treatment followed by five sessions of self-care placebo over 5 weeks. The self-care module will be manualized for reliability and fidelity between providers and will involve 60-minute sessions covering various topics.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Treatment Only | Active comparator | Pain treatment will involve five-sessions over 5 weeks of individual treatment protocol based on the existing chronic pain management program through the Clinical Health Psychology Service at Wilford Hall Medical Center. This treatment will involve covering the difference between chronic and acute pain, the role of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional variables in pain progression, and ways to manage these variables to prevent the development of chronic pain. Receives: Behavioral: Chronic Pain Management Treatment; Behavioral: Self-Care |
| PTSD Treatment Only | Active comparator | The PTSD treatment used in this study is an adaptation of a brief Prolonged Exposure treatment protocol for PTSD as illustrated in a 2005 paper published by Cigrang, Peterson, and Schobitz in which a 4-session prolonged exposure treatment was used to address PTSD symptoms in three injured soldiers recently exposed to trauma. The authors found a 50+% decrease in PTSD symptoms after these four sessions. The present study will rely upon a similar brief PTSD intervention for treating chronic PTSD among trauma-exposed injured active duty service members. The PTSD intervention will be expanded into five sessions over 5 weeks to include an initial session for assessment and education on the co-morbidity of pain and PTSD. All PTSD treatment will be provided under the direct care or supervision of a Master Trained therapist in Prolonged Exposure. Receives: Behavioral: Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol; Behavioral: Self-Care |
| Combined Pain and PTSD Treatment | Active comparator | This treatment arm will involve 5 sessions each of the Pain-Only and PTSD-Only treatments described above. Receives: Behavioral: Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol; Behavioral: Chronic Pain Management Treatment |
| Treatment as Usual | No intervention | The treatment as usual group will complete the assessments given in each of the other study arms, but will not participate in treatment through the study. Instead, participants randomized to this group will be encouraged to seek treatment for pain and/or PTSD through existing channels. Referrals for treatment will be made for those with clinically significant symptoms for pain and/or PTSD at intake. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms/Diagnosis
Measured: 1 Year
Chronic Pain Intensity
Measured: 1 Year
Self-reported disability
Measured: 1 Year
Secondary outcomes (1)
Depression/Suicidality
Measured: 1 Year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Aug 2009 (estimated)
- Study startAug 2009
- Primary completionSep 2012
- Study completionSep 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Chronic PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 51 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Texas at Arlington
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- 59th Medical Wing, Brooke Army Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Robert J. Gatchel, Ph.D., Principal investigator, University of Texas at ArlingtonDonald D. McGeary, Ph.D., Principal investigator, Wilford Hall Medical Center, USAFMysti R. Moore, MPT, Study director, University of Texas at Arlington
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00957164
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STRONGSTAR*PAIN*PTSD
- Status last verified
- Jan 2014
- First submitted
- 10 Aug 2009
- Last updated
- 31 Jan 2014
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Jan 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Treatment of PTSD and Chronic Pain After Traumatic Orthopedic Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00957164
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STRONGSTAR*PAIN*PTSD
- Conditions
- Chronic Pain, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- Keywords
- Chronic pain, PTSD
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 51 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Texas at ArlingtonUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- 59th Medical Wing, Brooke Army Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
- Study start
- Aug 2009
- Primary completion
- Sep 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- Sep 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Aug 2009 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of multiple treatment options in addressing the co-morbidity between pain and PTSD symptoms. Recent research has suggested that pain and PTSD co-morbidity presents unique problems for pain and PTSD treatment, and new approaches are desperately needed to address this issue. To this end, the investigators hope to identify the efficacy of a combined pain and PTSD psychosocial treatment protocol compared to that of stand-alone psychosocial treatments for pain and PTSD. The primary measure for treatment efficacy will be treatment-related changes in measures of psychosocial and functional outcomes associated with chronic pain and PTSD conditions. The investigators will additionally measure socioeconomic outcomes including return to pre-trauma job (or a job of similar capacity), maintenance of active duty work at pre-trauma capacity for 6 and/or 12 months after return, and number of healthcare appointments made between follow-ups for pain or PTSD treatment.
Detailed description
This study will use a four-group randomized experimental design similar to that used in a study currently being conducted by John Otis with VA patients with chronic pain/chronic PTSD. The four groups will include Pain Treatment (PAIN) only, PTSD Treatment (PTSD) only, Pain and PTSD Treatments (PAIN+PTSD), and treatment as usual (TAU). The investigators hypothesize that treating individuals with chronic pain and PTSD (e.g., more than 6 months in duration) symptoms through a proven psychosocial model will help to improve psychological, socioeconomic and physical symptoms of these chronic clinical syndromes that have been shown to be unfortunately recalcitrant to treatment and enormously costly both to society healthcare and, more importantly, to the person suffering from enduring pain and traumatic stress. We further hope to demonstrate the efficacy of these early treatments in facilitating the return to active duty of military personnel suffering from pain and traumatic stress. Finally, we hope to positively impact other psychosocial and socioeconomic outcomes such as work retention (as measured by self-report work status and retention of work at 6- and 12-month follow-up), additional health-care utilization (as measured by self-report of number of PTSD or pain-related healthcare visits), depression symptoms (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory), health-related quality of life (as measured by the SF-36), and perceived disability (as measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale). Evaluations of these four groups will be conducted at pre-treatment, immediately at the post-treatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up periods in order to determine differential outcomes on variables such as PTSD and pain symptom presence/severity, self-reported pain and disability, functional gains, satisfaction with treatment, return to active duty, retention of pre-trauma work capacity at 6- and 12-month follow-up, and additional health-care utilization as measured by number of healthcare appointments attended for pain or PTSD symptom management. The initial post-treatment evaluation will occur at the end of the ten-week treatment interval for each individual's randomization block. For those in the treatment as usual (TAU) group, post-treatment assessment will occur ten weeks after pre-treatment assessment is completed. Changes in functional activity status, psychosocial functioning, and satisfaction with treatment will also be systematically evaluated before, immediately after, and during the post-treatment periods. It should be noted that many of the PAIN-only, and TAU subjects may receive some type of standard care for PTSD symptoms if they access those services on their own. The same could be true for the PTSD-only and TAU subjects. They may also receive some type of standard care for pain symptoms that they access on their own. The investigators will monitor any such services received in order to attempt to control for possible spurious effects of outside treatment in later analyses.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Treatment Only | Active comparator | Behavioral: Chronic Pain Management Treatment, Behavioral: Self-CarePain treatment will involve five-sessions over 5 weeks of individual treatment protocol based on the existing chronic pain management program through the Clinical Health Psychology Service at Wilford Hall Medical Center. This treatment will involve covering the difference between chronic and acute pain, the role of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional variables in pain progression, and ways to manage these variables to prevent the development of chronic pain. |
| PTSD Treatment Only | Active comparator | Behavioral: Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol, Behavioral: Self-CareThe PTSD treatment used in this study is an adaptation of a brief Prolonged Exposure treatment protocol for PTSD as illustrated in a 2005 paper published by Cigrang, Peterson, and Schobitz in which a 4-session prolonged exposure treatment was used to address PTSD symptoms in three injured soldiers recently exposed to trauma. The authors found a 50+% decrease in PTSD symptoms after these four sessions. The present study will rely upon a similar brief PTSD intervention for treating chronic PTSD among trauma-exposed injured active duty service members. The PTSD intervention will be expanded into five sessions over 5 weeks to include an initial session for assessment and education on the co-morbidity of pain and PTSD. All PTSD treatment will be provided under the direct care or supervision of a Master Trained therapist in Prolonged Exposure. |
| Combined Pain and PTSD Treatment | Active comparator | Behavioral: Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol, Behavioral: Chronic Pain Management TreatmentThis treatment arm will involve 5 sessions each of the Pain-Only and PTSD-Only treatments described above. |
| Treatment as Usual | No intervention | –The treatment as usual group will complete the assessments given in each of the other study arms, but will not participate in treatment through the study. Instead, participants randomized to this group will be encouraged to seek treatment for pain and/or PTSD through existing channels. Referrals for treatment will be made for those with clinically significant symptoms for pain and/or PTSD at intake. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- age 18 years or older
- hospital admission for any traumatic orthopedic injury defined as any musculo-skeletal injury requiring convalescence and/or surgery that is deployment related.
- Fluency in English
- Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) = 15 at time of hospital discharge
- willingness and ability to meet study follow-up requirements
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- head injury greater than mild TBI as assessed by an inability to consent to the study and complete the baseline psychological testing
- current pregnancy will exclude participation in Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) assessment, but not study participation. Pregnancy will be assessed by self-report
- current diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other psychotic disorder as identified by clinical interview
- primary diagnosis of burn injury, though burn patients will be eligible if burn is a secondary diagnosis and not the primary reason for pain
- participant is currently taking a benzodiazepine medication for PTSD symptoms
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Brief Prolonged Exposure ProtocolThe PTSD treatment used in this study is an adaptation of a brief Prolonged Exposure treatment protocol for PTSD as illustrated in a 2005 paper published by Cigrang, Peterson, and Schobitz 54 in which a 4-session prolonged exposure treatment was used to address PTSD symptoms in three injured soldiers recently exposed to trauma. The authors found a 50+% decrease in PTSD symptoms after these four sessions. The present study will rely upon a similar brief PTSD intervention for treating chronic PTSD among trauma-exposed injured active duty service members. The PTSD intervention will be expanded into five sessions over 5 weeks to include an initial session for assessment and education on the co-morbidity of pain and PTSD. All PTSD treatment will be provided under the direct care or supervision of a Master Trained therapist in Prolonged Exposure. | Behavioural | Combined Pain and PTSD Treatment, PTSD Treatment Only |
| Chronic Pain Management TreatmentPain treatment will involve five-sessions over 5 weeks of individual treatment protocol based on the existing chronic pain management program through the Clinical Health Psychology Service at Wilford Hall Medical Center. This treatment will involve covering the difference between chronic and acute pain, the role of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional variables in pain progression, and ways to manage these variables to prevent the development of chronic pain. | Behavioural | Combined Pain and PTSD Treatment, Pain Treatment Only |
| Self-Careparticipants randomized to either the Pain-only or PTSD-only groups will receive five sessions of pain- or PTSD-specific treatment followed by five sessions of self-care placebo over 5 weeks. The self-care module will be manualized for reliability and fidelity between providers and will involve 60-minute sessions covering various topics. | Behavioural | PTSD Treatment Only, Pain Treatment Only |
Primary outcome
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms/Diagnosis
Time frame: 1 Year
Chronic Pain Intensity
Time frame: 1 Year
Self-reported disability
Time frame: 1 Year
1 secondary outcome
Depression/Suicidality
Time frame: 1 Year
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Jan 2014.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Robert J. Gatchel, Ph.D. principal investigator
University of Texas at Arlington
Donald D. McGeary, Ph.D. principal investigator
Wilford Hall Medical Center, USAF
Mysti R. Moore, MPT study director
University of Texas at Arlington
4 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Brief Prolonged Exposure Protocol, Chronic Pain Management Treatment and Self-Care in people with Chronic Pain and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, run by The University of Texas at Arlington at 4 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Jan 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 4 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms/Diagnosis (time frame: 1 Year). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Jan 2014; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.