Impaired Glucose ToleranceNCT00536250
Study to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth
An observational study of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Pre-diabetes, run by Yale University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of the study is to determine the role of beta-cell function and insulin resistance in the development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents who have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to overweight/obesity or a family history of… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 22 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Pre-diabetes, Childhood Obesity
- How many people
- 255 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Sep 2001to Mar 2017
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 22 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Study population: Children and Adolscents seen at the Yale Pediatric Obesity Clinic.
Who may be able to join
- Lean (not overweight or obese) will be defined as a body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) less than the 85th percentile specific for age and gender, overweight will be defined as a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles, and obesity will be defined as a BMI greater than the 95th percentile1. Following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 gm) (HIC #11190), children will be classified as normal glucose tolerant if plasma glucose at two hours is <140 mg/dl and as impaired glucose tolerant if plasma glucose is ≥140 mg/dl. To enter the study all children and adults must be in good general health, have a normal medical history and physical exam, and have no endocrinopathies (normal thyroid function test) or other diseases that might affect glucose metabolism.
- Eligibility will be determined by a comprehensive family and medical history and physical examination prior to enrollment in the study. Tanner stage of pubic breast and gonadal development will be determined by physical examination and by measurements of estradiol, testosterone and IGF1 as biochemical markers of pubertal development.
Who cannot join
- Medications that are known to alter glucose or insulin metabolism, such as oral steroids, or certain psychiatric medications, such as Celexa, Lithium and Paxil. Children and adults will be excluded from participating in the PAT test if they have a latex allergy. Lean subjects must have at least one parent, grandparent or sibling with overweight/obesity (BMI >25), type 2 diabetes, and/or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (fasting glucose >100 mg/dl). A fasting plasma glucose level will be obtained via finger stick in parents of potential volunteers in whom status of diabetes or IFG is unknown. Exclusion criteria also include known diabetes or taking any medication that alters liver function and blood pressure. Youth on chronic anti-inflammatory medications or who consume alcohol are also excluded.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The purpose of the study is to determine the role of beta-cell function and insulin resistance in the development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents who have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to overweight/obesity or a family history of overweight/obesity, diabetes and/or impaired fasting glucose. It is hypothesized that: 1)Obese adolescents with IGT will be more insulin resistant than obese adolescents with NGT. Insulin resistance will be the best predictor of changes in glucose tolerance status., 2)Beta cell function will be impaired in obese adolescents with IGT compared to obese adolescents with NGT., 3)Obese adolescents with IGT will present with greater intramyocellular, intrahepatic and visceral fat than obese adolescents with NGT. Furthermore, obese adolescents with IGT will have larger adipocytes, while having significantly fewer adipocytes compared to obese adolescents with NGT. Obese adolescents with IGT will also have altered expression of key genes related to insulin resistance., and 4)Abnormalities in endothelial function as manifested by low FMD and PAT are already present in obese adolescents with IGT and are linked to insulin resistance.
Read the detailed description
Type 2 diabetes is a serious and common chronic disease affecting an estimated 6.6% of the U.S. population 20 to 74 years of age. Among children, type 2 diabetes has previously been reported to account for 2% to 3% of all patients with diabetes mellitus. Recent studies, however, indicate that the prevalence of this disorder is increasing in the pediatric population. This phenomenon parallels the increased prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, particularly in African-American and Hispanic ethnic groups. Despite the wealth of knowledge concerning the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults, we know little about the disease in children.Paralleling the rise in childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes is an increase in the metabolic syndrome in youth. The metabolic syndrome, also known as "Syndrome X," is characterized by hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. This syndrome was first described in 1966 by Camus and again by Reaven in 1988. Cook et al. showed that the metabolic syndrome is already present in 6.8% of 12-19 year-olds with a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles, and in 28.7% of those with a BMI greater than the 95th percentile. In addition, recent studies from our group suggest that risk factors for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are already present in overweight children and adolescents. As the degree of obesity worsens, the prevalence of these risk factors greatly increase.Overweight and obese adolescents with NGT and with IGT will be recruited. Progression from NGT to IGT and from IGT to type 2 diabetes will be assessed by annual oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Comprehensive metabolic assessments will be employed to examine within and between group differences in insulin action and beta-cell function at baseline and during the follow-up.
- Conditions
- Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Pre-diabetes, Childhood Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome
- Keywords
- Pre-Diabetes, Childhood Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, insulin resistance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, Hypoadiponectinemia
- Medical subject headings
- Glucose Intolerance, Pediatric Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hypoadiponectinemia
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
glucose tolerance
glucose tolerance status as determined by oral glucose tolerance test - fasting and 2 hour glucoses
Measured: baseline and follow up
insulin resistance
insulin resistance as measured during oral glucose tolerance test by WBISI
Measured: baseline and follow up
hepatic fat content and abdominal fat ratio
hepatic fat content and abdominal fat ratio measured by liver mri and abdominal mri
Measured: baseline and follow up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Sep 2007 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2001
- Primary completionMar 2017
- Study completionMar 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Impaired Glucose ToleranceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Yale UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 255 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yale University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Sonia Caprio, M.D., Principal investigator, Yale University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00536250
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 0102012241
- Other IDs
- R01HD040787
- Status last verified
- Jan 2018
- First submitted
- 25 Sep 2007
- Last updated
- 18 Jan 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Berry D, Savoye M, Melkus G, Grey M. An intervention for multiethnic obese parents and overweight children. Appl Nurs Res. 2007 May;20(2):63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2006.01.007.
PubMed 17481469McCartney CR, Blank SK, Prendergast KA, Chhabra S, Eagleson CA, Helm KD, Yoo R, Chang RJ, Foster CM, Caprio S, Marshall JC. Obesity and sex steroid changes across puberty: evidence for marked hyperandrogenemia in pre- and early pubertal obese girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;92(2):430-6. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-2002. Epub 2006 Nov 21.
PubMed 17118995Halloun R, Galderisi A, Caprio S, Weiss R. Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Not Associated With Changes in the Degree of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Apr 13;108(5):1053-1060. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac700.
PubMed 36469736Trico D, Prinsen H, Giannini C, de Graaf R, Juchem C, Li F, Caprio S, Santoro N, Herzog RI. Elevated alpha-Hydroxybutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Predict Deterioration of Glycemic Control in Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jul 1;102(7):2473-2481. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-00475.
PubMed 28482070D'Adamo E, Northrup V, Weiss R, Santoro N, Pierpont B, Savoye M, O'Malley G, Caprio S. Ethnic differences in lipoprotein subclasses in obese adolescents: importance of liver and intraabdominal fat accretion. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Sep;92(3):500-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29270. Epub 2010 Jun 23.
PubMed 20573788
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jan 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Study to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00536250
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 0102012241
- Conditions
- Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Pre-diabetes, Childhood Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome
- Keywords
- Pre-Diabetes, Childhood Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, insulin resistance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, Hypoadiponectinemia
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 255 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yale UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study start
- Sep 2001 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Mar 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Mar 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Sep 2007 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of the study is to determine the role of beta-cell function and insulin resistance in the development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents who have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to overweight/obesity or a family history of overweight/obesity, diabetes and/or impaired fasting glucose. It is hypothesized that: 1)Obese adolescents with IGT will be more insulin resistant than obese adolescents with NGT. Insulin resistance will be the best predictor of changes in glucose tolerance status., 2)Beta cell function will be impaired in obese adolescents with IGT compared to obese adolescents with NGT., 3)Obese adolescents with IGT will present with greater intramyocellular, intrahepatic and visceral fat than obese adolescents with NGT. Furthermore, obese adolescents with IGT will have larger adipocytes, while having significantly fewer adipocytes compared to obese adolescents with NGT. Obese adolescents with IGT will also have altered expression of key genes related to insulin resistance., and 4)Abnormalities in endothelial function as manifested by low FMD and PAT are already present in obese adolescents with IGT and are linked to insulin resistance.
Detailed description
Type 2 diabetes is a serious and common chronic disease affecting an estimated 6.6% of the U.S. population 20 to 74 years of age. Among children, type 2 diabetes has previously been reported to account for 2% to 3% of all patients with diabetes mellitus. Recent studies, however, indicate that the prevalence of this disorder is increasing in the pediatric population. This phenomenon parallels the increased prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, particularly in African-American and Hispanic ethnic groups. Despite the wealth of knowledge concerning the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults, we know little about the disease in children.Paralleling the rise in childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes is an increase in the metabolic syndrome in youth. The metabolic syndrome, also known as "Syndrome X," is characterized by hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. This syndrome was first described in 1966 by Camus and again by Reaven in 1988. Cook et al. showed that the metabolic syndrome is already present in 6.8% of 12-19 year-olds with a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles, and in 28.7% of those with a BMI greater than the 95th percentile. In addition, recent studies from our group suggest that risk factors for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are already present in overweight children and adolescents. As the degree of obesity worsens, the prevalence of these risk factors greatly increase.Overweight and obese adolescents with NGT and with IGT will be recruited. Progression from NGT to IGT and from IGT to type 2 diabetes will be assessed by annual oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Comprehensive metabolic assessments will be employed to examine within and between group differences in insulin action and beta-cell function at baseline and during the follow-up.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 22 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- Children and Adolscents seen at the Yale Pediatric Obesity Clinic.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Lean (not overweight or obese) will be defined as a body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) less than the 85th percentile specific for age and gender, overweight will be defined as a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles, and obesity will be defined as a BMI greater than the 95th percentile1. Following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 gm) (HIC #11190), children will be classified as normal glucose tolerant if plasma glucose at two hours is <140 mg/dl and as impaired glucose tolerant if plasma glucose is ≥140 mg/dl. To enter the study all children and adults must be in good general health, have a normal medical history and physical exam, and have no endocrinopathies (normal thyroid function test) or other diseases that might affect glucose metabolism.
- Eligibility will be determined by a comprehensive family and medical history and physical examination prior to enrollment in the study. Tanner stage of pubic breast and gonadal development will be determined by physical examination and by measurements of estradiol, testosterone and IGF1 as biochemical markers of pubertal development.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Medications that are known to alter glucose or insulin metabolism, such as oral steroids, or certain psychiatric medications, such as Celexa, Lithium and Paxil. Children and adults will be excluded from participating in the PAT test if they have a latex allergy. Lean subjects must have at least one parent, grandparent or sibling with overweight/obesity (BMI >25), type 2 diabetes, and/or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (fasting glucose >100 mg/dl). A fasting plasma glucose level will be obtained via finger stick in parents of potential volunteers in whom status of diabetes or IFG is unknown. Exclusion criteria also include known diabetes or taking any medication that alters liver function and blood pressure. Youth on chronic anti-inflammatory medications or who consume alcohol are also excluded.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
glucose tolerance
Time frame: baseline and follow up
glucose tolerance status as determined by oral glucose tolerance test - fasting and 2 hour glucoses
insulin resistance
Time frame: baseline and follow up
insulin resistance as measured during oral glucose tolerance test by WBISI
hepatic fat content and abdominal fat ratio
Time frame: baseline and follow up
hepatic fat content and abdominal fat ratio measured by liver mri and abdominal mri
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jan 2018.
- Results publication: PubMed 17481469Berry D, Savoye M, Melkus G, Grey M. An intervention for multiethnic obese parents and overweight children. Appl Nurs Res. 2007 May;20(2):63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2006.01.007.
- Results publication: PubMed 17118995McCartney CR, Blank SK, Prendergast KA, Chhabra S, Eagleson CA, Helm KD, Yoo R, Chang RJ, Foster CM, Caprio S, Marshall JC. Obesity and sex steroid changes across puberty: evidence for marked hyperandrogenemia in pre- and early pubertal obese girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;92(2):430-6. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-2002. Epub 2006 Nov 21.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36469736Halloun R, Galderisi A, Caprio S, Weiss R. Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Not Associated With Changes in the Degree of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Apr 13;108(5):1053-1060. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac700.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28482070Trico D, Prinsen H, Giannini C, de Graaf R, Juchem C, Li F, Caprio S, Santoro N, Herzog RI. Elevated alpha-Hydroxybutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Predict Deterioration of Glycemic Control in Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jul 1;102(7):2473-2481. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-00475.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 20573788D'Adamo E, Northrup V, Weiss R, Santoro N, Pierpont B, Savoye M, O'Malley G, Caprio S. Ethnic differences in lipoprotein subclasses in obese adolescents: importance of liver and intraabdominal fat accretion. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Sep;92(3):500-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29270. Epub 2010 Jun 23.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sonia Caprio, M.D. principal investigator
Yale University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Pre-diabetes, run by Yale University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jan 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
glucose tolerance (time frame: baseline and follow up). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00536250, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jan 2018.