Athletic PerformanceBOSU-TKDNCT07894809
Audiovisual Conditions During Eight Weeks of BOSU Training in Taekwondo Athletes
A study testing BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition video, BOSU training with low-tempo music and BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation in people with Athletic Performance and Attention, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This nonrandomized three-group study described changes in taekwondo-specific electronic impact scores, selective attention and repeated-sprint performance over eight weeks of supplementary BOSU ball balance and proprioception training delivered under three different audiovisual conditions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 20 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Athletic Performance, Attention, Exercise
- What is being tested?
- BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition video, BOSU training with low-tempo music and BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Jun 2025to 28 Jul 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 20 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 16 to 20 years
- Training regularly in taekwondo at one of the three participating clubs
- No chronic disease and no acute injury at enrolment
- Voluntary participation, with written informed consent and, for participants under 18 years of age, written consent of a legal guardian
Who cannot join
- Cardiovascular disease
- Musculoskeletal injury
- Any medical condition contraindicating exercise
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Inonu University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
Malatya, 44280
About this study
Official title: Taekwondo Electronic Impact Scores During Eight Weeks of BOSU Training Under Three Audiovisual Conditions: A Nonrandomized Three-Club Study
This nonrandomized three-group study described changes in taekwondo-specific electronic impact scores, selective attention and repeated-sprint performance over eight weeks of supplementary BOSU ball balance and proprioception training delivered under three different audiovisual conditions. Athletes were recruited from three taekwondo clubs in Malatya, Turkiye, and each club trained under one condition: high-tempo music (140-160 beats per minute) combined with projected elite competition footage (MV), low-tempo music alone (110-130 beats per minute; LTM), or no music and no video (CON). All three groups completed the same BOSU programme, three sessions per week for eight weeks (24 planned sessions of 40-45 minutes), in addition to their usual taekwondo training. Assessments were conducted at week 1, week 4 and week 8. Because allocation was not randomized and each condition was delivered predominantly within one club, audiovisual condition is confounded with club and the analyses are exploratory and descriptive rather than causal.
Read the detailed description
Design. Participants were athletes of three existing taekwondo clubs. Allocation was not randomized and not concealed; each audiovisual condition was delivered predominantly within one club. Audiovisual condition is therefore confounded with club, coaching context and concurrent training, and the design does not permit the effect of music tempo to be separated from the effect of projected video. Analyses are exploratory and descriptive; between-condition models are reported as sensitivity analyses rather than causal treatment effects.
Intervention. All conditions performed an identical eight-week BOSU ball programme (three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session) comprising single-leg stance, squats, lunges and taekwondo kick simulations performed on the BOSU ball, supervised by the same coach and delivered as a supplement to, not a replacement for, regular club training. Music was delivered through a loudspeaker; sound pressure level was not measured and track tempo was taken from streaming-platform metadata rather than independently verified. In the MV condition, edited recordings of elite competitions were projected in time with the music; the footage was not individualized and was not contingent on the participant's own movement, and is therefore described as projected action-observation video rather than visual performance feedback.
Primary measurement. Taekwondo-specific impact was recorded with a Daedo GEN2 electronic protector and scoring system (trunk protector EPRO 2980, TK-Strike transmitter EPRO 29801-U-0, software EPRO 29807-U-0) worn by a single live target athlete who was the same person at all three assessment points. The hit-level threshold was configured once and was not altered between athletes or sessions. The displayed output is a proprietary electronic impact score on a scale with an observed upper display bound of 60 units; it reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined, and is not a calibrated mechanical force. Three trials were performed per technique and leg with 15 s between trials and 60 s between technique sets; the lowest and highest of the three trials were recorded, giving a minimum and a maximum score per technique and leg (12 endpoints). Athlete-to-target distance was set individually according to leg length. A 15-minute sport-specific warm-up preceded testing; no separate familiarization session was conducted.
Registration timing. This study was not prospectively registered. The record was created after data collection and analysis were complete, and no primary endpoint or statistical hypothesis was specified in a registry before the study began. All outcome measures listed here were defined after data collection and are reported as analysed.
- Conditions
- Athletic Performance, Attention, Exercise, Martial Arts
- Being tested
- BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition video, BOSU training with low-tempo music, BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation
- Keywords
- taekwondo, BOSU ball, unstable surface training, music tempo, action observation, electronic body protector, d2 Test of Attention, running-based anaerobic sprint test, adolescent athletes
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition videoBehavioural
Eight-week BOSU ball balance and proprioception programme: three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session, comprising single-leg stance, squats, lunges and taekwondo kick simulations performed on the BOSU ball, supervised by the same coach. During each session high-tempo music (nominally 140-160 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker and edited recordings of elite taekwondo competitions were projected in time with the music timeline. Sound pressure level was not measured; track tempo was taken from streaming-platform metadata. The video was not individualized and not contingent on the participant's movement. Delivered in addition to, not in place of, usual club training.
BOSU training with low-tempo musicBehavioural
The same eight-week BOSU ball balance and proprioception programme (three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session), performed while low-tempo music (nominally 110-130 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker. No video was projected. Sound pressure level was not measured; track tempo was taken from streaming-platform metadata. Delivered in addition to, not in place of, usual club training.
BOSU training without audiovisual stimulationBehavioural
The same eight-week BOSU ball balance and proprioception programme (three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session), performed with neither music nor projected video. Delivered in addition to, not in place of, usual club training.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| MV: BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected video | Experimental | Athletes of one taekwondo club completed the eight-week supplementary BOSU ball programme while high-tempo music (nominally 140-160 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker and edited recordings of elite taekwondo competitions were projected in time with the music timeline. The video was not individualized and was not contingent on the participant's own movement. Delivered in addition to usual club training. Receives: Behavioral: BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition video |
| LTM: BOSU training with low-tempo music | Active comparator | Athletes of one taekwondo club completed the same eight-week supplementary BOSU ball programme while low-tempo music (nominally 110-130 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker. No video was projected. Delivered in addition to usual club training. Receives: Behavioral: BOSU training with low-tempo music |
| CON: BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation | Active comparator | Athletes of one taekwondo club completed the same eight-week supplementary BOSU ball programme with neither music nor projected video. Delivered in addition to usual club training. Receives: Behavioral: BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Taekwondo-specific electronic impact score: Baldeung Chagi (roundhouse kick)
Proprietary electronic impact score registered by a Daedo GEN2 electronic trunk protector worn by a live target athlete, in arbitrary device units with an observed upper display bound of 60. Four endpoints are recorded for this technique: the minimum and the maximum of three trials, for the right leg and for the left leg. Higher values indicate a higher registered impact. The score reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined and is not a calibrated mechanical force.
Measured: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Taekwondo-specific electronic impact score: Yop Chagi (side kick)
Proprietary electronic impact score registered by a Daedo GEN2 electronic trunk protector worn by a live target athlete, in arbitrary device units with an observed upper display bound of 60. Four endpoints are recorded for this technique: the minimum and the maximum of three trials, for the right leg and for the left leg. Higher values indicate a higher registered impact. The score reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined and is not a calibrated mechanical force.
Measured: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Taekwondo-specific electronic impact score: Dwi Chagi (back kick)
Proprietary electronic impact score registered by a Daedo GEN2 electronic trunk protector worn by a live target athlete, in arbitrary device units with an observed upper display bound of 60. Four endpoints are recorded for this technique: the minimum and the maximum of three trials, for the right leg and for the left leg. Higher values indicate a higher registered impact. The score reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined and is not a calibrated mechanical force.
Measured: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Secondary outcomes (2)
Selective attention: d2 Test of Attention concentration performance (CP)
Paper-and-pencil d2 Test of Attention (14 rows, 20 seconds per row). Concentration performance equals the number of correctly marked target characters minus commission errors; higher scores indicate better selective attention. Other d2 indices were not retained in the dataset.
Measured: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Anaerobic performance: Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST)
Six maximal 35 m sprints separated by 10 seconds of recovery, electronically timed. Derived variables: peak power (W), average power (W), minimum power (W), fatigue index (W/s) and relative peak power (W/kg). Higher power values and a lower fatigue index indicate better anaerobic performance.
Measured: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Oct 2026
- Study start2 Jun 2025
- Primary completion28 Jul 2025
- Study completion28 Jul 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Athletic PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Inonu UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Three parallel groups, one per participating club. The eight-week supplementary BOSU programme was identical across groups and differed only in the audiovisual condition under which sessions were delivered. Because each condition was delivered predominantly within one club, the unit of assignment (club) and the unit of analysis (participant) are not equivalent.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özgür EKEN, Inonu University
- Investigators
- Ozgur Eken, PhD, Principal investigator, Inonu University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07894809
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- INONU-BOSU-TKD-2025-7618
- Other IDs
- PNURSP2026R286, 2025/7618
- Acronym
- BOSU-TKD
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: No formal plan for sharing de-identified individual participant data has been established. The de-identified dataset underlying the analyses is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Taekwondo Electronic Impact Scores During Eight Weeks of BOSU Training Under Three Audiovisual Conditions: A Nonrandomized Three-Club Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07894809
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BOSU-TKD / INONU-BOSU-TKD-2025-7618
- Conditions
- Athletic Performance, Attention, Exercise, Martial Arts
- Keywords
- taekwondo, BOSU ball, unstable surface training, music tempo, action observation, electronic body protector, d2 Test of Attention, running-based anaerobic sprint test
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
- Study start
- 2 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 Jul 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This nonrandomized three-group study described changes in taekwondo-specific electronic impact scores, selective attention and repeated-sprint performance over eight weeks of supplementary BOSU ball balance and proprioception training delivered under three different audiovisual conditions. Athletes were recruited from three taekwondo clubs in Malatya, Turkiye, and each club trained under one condition: high-tempo music (140-160 beats per minute) combined with projected elite competition footage (MV), low-tempo music alone (110-130 beats per minute; LTM), or no music and no video (CON). All three groups completed the same BOSU programme, three sessions per week for eight weeks (24 planned sessions of 40-45 minutes), in addition to their usual taekwondo training. Assessments were conducted at week 1, week 4 and week 8. Because allocation was not randomized and each condition was delivered predominantly within one club, audiovisual condition is confounded with club and the analyses are exploratory and descriptive rather than causal.
Detailed description
Design. Participants were athletes of three existing taekwondo clubs. Allocation was not randomized and not concealed; each audiovisual condition was delivered predominantly within one club. Audiovisual condition is therefore confounded with club, coaching context and concurrent training, and the design does not permit the effect of music tempo to be separated from the effect of projected video. Analyses are exploratory and descriptive; between-condition models are reported as sensitivity analyses rather than causal treatment effects.
Intervention. All conditions performed an identical eight-week BOSU ball programme (three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session) comprising single-leg stance, squats, lunges and taekwondo kick simulations performed on the BOSU ball, supervised by the same coach and delivered as a supplement to, not a replacement for, regular club training. Music was delivered through a loudspeaker; sound pressure level was not measured and track tempo was taken from streaming-platform metadata rather than independently verified. In the MV condition, edited recordings of elite competitions were projected in time with the music; the footage was not individualized and was not contingent on the participant's own movement, and is therefore described as projected action-observation video rather than visual performance feedback.
Primary measurement. Taekwondo-specific impact was recorded with a Daedo GEN2 electronic protector and scoring system (trunk protector EPRO 2980, TK-Strike transmitter EPRO 29801-U-0, software EPRO 29807-U-0) worn by a single live target athlete who was the same person at all three assessment points. The hit-level threshold was configured once and was not altered between athletes or sessions. The displayed output is a proprietary electronic impact score on a scale with an observed upper display bound of 60 units; it reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined, and is not a calibrated mechanical force. Three trials were performed per technique and leg with 15 s between trials and 60 s between technique sets; the lowest and highest of the three trials were recorded, giving a minimum and a maximum score per technique and leg (12 endpoints). Athlete-to-target distance was set individually according to leg length. A 15-minute sport-specific warm-up preceded testing; no separate familiarization session was conducted.
Registration timing. This study was not prospectively registered. The record was created after data collection and analysis were complete, and no primary endpoint or statistical hypothesis was specified in a registry before the study began. All outcome measures listed here were defined after data collection and are reported as analysed.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Three parallel groups, one per participating club. The eight-week supplementary BOSU programme was identical across groups and differed only in the audiovisual condition under which sessions were delivered. Because each condition was delivered predominantly within one club, the unit of assignment (club) and the unit of analysis (participant) are not equivalent.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| MV: BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected video | Experimental | Behavioral: BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition videoAthletes of one taekwondo club completed the eight-week supplementary BOSU ball programme while high-tempo music (nominally 140-160 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker and edited recordings of elite taekwondo competitions were projected in time with the music timeline. The video was not individualized and was not contingent on the participant's own movement. Delivered in addition to usual club training. |
| LTM: BOSU training with low-tempo music | Active comparator | Behavioral: BOSU training with low-tempo musicAthletes of one taekwondo club completed the same eight-week supplementary BOSU ball programme while low-tempo music (nominally 110-130 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker. No video was projected. Delivered in addition to usual club training. |
| CON: BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation | Active comparator | Behavioral: BOSU training without audiovisual stimulationAthletes of one taekwondo club completed the same eight-week supplementary BOSU ball programme with neither music nor projected video. Delivered in addition to usual club training. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 20 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Aged 16 to 20 years
- Training regularly in taekwondo at one of the three participating clubs
- No chronic disease and no acute injury at enrolment
- Voluntary participation, with written informed consent and, for participants under 18 years of age, written consent of a legal guardian
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Cardiovascular disease
- Musculoskeletal injury
- Any medical condition contraindicating exercise
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition videoEight-week BOSU ball balance and proprioception programme: three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session, comprising single-leg stance, squats, lunges and taekwondo kick simulations performed on the BOSU ball, supervised by the same coach. During each session high-tempo music (nominally 140-160 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker and edited recordings of elite taekwondo competitions were projected in time with the music timeline. Sound pressure level was not measured; track tempo was taken from streaming-platform metadata. The video was not individualized and not contingent on the participant's movement. Delivered in addition to, not in place of, usual club training. | Behavioural | MV: BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected video |
| BOSU training with low-tempo musicThe same eight-week BOSU ball balance and proprioception programme (three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session), performed while low-tempo music (nominally 110-130 beats per minute) was played through a loudspeaker. No video was projected. Sound pressure level was not measured; track tempo was taken from streaming-platform metadata. Delivered in addition to, not in place of, usual club training. | Behavioural | LTM: BOSU training with low-tempo music |
| BOSU training without audiovisual stimulationThe same eight-week BOSU ball balance and proprioception programme (three sessions per week, 24 planned sessions, 40-45 minutes per session), performed with neither music nor projected video. Delivered in addition to, not in place of, usual club training. | Behavioural | CON: BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation |
Primary outcome
Taekwondo-specific electronic impact score: Baldeung Chagi (roundhouse kick)
Time frame: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Proprietary electronic impact score registered by a Daedo GEN2 electronic trunk protector worn by a live target athlete, in arbitrary device units with an observed upper display bound of 60. Four endpoints are recorded for this technique: the minimum and the maximum of three trials, for the right leg and for the left leg. Higher values indicate a higher registered impact. The score reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined and is not a calibrated mechanical force.
Taekwondo-specific electronic impact score: Yop Chagi (side kick)
Time frame: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Proprietary electronic impact score registered by a Daedo GEN2 electronic trunk protector worn by a live target athlete, in arbitrary device units with an observed upper display bound of 60. Four endpoints are recorded for this technique: the minimum and the maximum of three trials, for the right leg and for the left leg. Higher values indicate a higher registered impact. The score reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined and is not a calibrated mechanical force.
Taekwondo-specific electronic impact score: Dwi Chagi (back kick)
Time frame: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Proprietary electronic impact score registered by a Daedo GEN2 electronic trunk protector worn by a live target athlete, in arbitrary device units with an observed upper display bound of 60. Four endpoints are recorded for this technique: the minimum and the maximum of three trials, for the right leg and for the left leg. Higher values indicate a higher registered impact. The score reflects impact intensity, targeting accuracy and technical quality of contact combined and is not a calibrated mechanical force.
2 secondary outcomes
Selective attention: d2 Test of Attention concentration performance (CP)
Time frame: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Anaerobic performance: Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST)
Time frame: Week 1, week 4 and week 8
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. No formal plan for sharing de-identified individual participant data has been established. The de-identified dataset underlying the analyses is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ozgur Eken, PhD principal investigator
Inonu University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing BOSU training with high-tempo music and projected competition video, BOSU training with low-tempo music and BOSU training without audiovisual stimulation in people with Athletic Performance and Attention, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Taekwondo-specific electronic impact score: Baldeung Chagi (roundhouse kick) (time frame: Week 1, week 4 and week 8). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2026.