Dental Anxiety in ChildrenNCT07894744
Virtual Reality and Point-of-View Video Modeling for Dental Anxiety in Children
A study testing Point-of-View (POV) Video Modeling, irtual Reality (VR) Distraction and Tell-Show-Do in people with Dental Anxiety in Children, run by Didem ATABEK at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Dental anxiety is common among children and may make dental treatment more difficult. This study aims to compare three non-pharmacological behavior guidance techniques for reducing dental anxiety and improving cooperation during invasive fissure sealant treatment in children aged 6-10 years. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 6 to 10 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dental Anxiety in Children
- What is being tested?
- Point-of-View (POV) Video Modeling, irtual Reality (VR) Distraction and Tell-Show-Do
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 69 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- Sep 2026to Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 6 to 10 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Children aged 6-10 years.
- Children without any systemic or psychiatric disorder or special needs.
- Children who do not require emergency dental treatment.
- Children whose parent(s) provide written and/or verbal informed consent for participation in the study.
- Children who agree to participate in the assigned intervention, including watching the POV video or using virtual reality (VR) glasses, as applicable.
Who cannot join
- Children with a systemic or psychiatric disorder or special needs.
- Children who require emergency dental treatment.
- Children who refuse to use virtual reality (VR) glasses.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry
Ankara
Ezgi Demir, +905399598979, ezgidemir@gazi.edu.tr
Didem Atabek, Prof. Dr., +903122034080, didemyolalici@gazi.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: Comparison of "Virtual Reality" (VR) and "Point-of-View" (POV) Video Modeling Techniques for Reducing Dental Anxiety in Children
Dental anxiety is common among children and may make dental treatment more difficult. This study aims to compare three non-pharmacological behavior guidance techniques for reducing dental anxiety and improving cooperation during invasive fissure sealant treatment in children aged 6-10 years.
Children who require an invasive fissure sealant on a mandibular first molar and meet the study eligibility criteria will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. The first group will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video showing the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective before the dental procedure. The second group will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the procedure and watch age-appropriate animation or cartoon content as an active distraction technique. The control group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique.
Read more
Dental anxiety, behavior, physiological responses, and pain will be assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), Facial Image Scale (FIS), Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. A post-intervention satisfaction and experience questionnaire will also be administered to assess the children's experiences with the behavior guidance techniques.
The study is expected to provide comparative evidence regarding the effectiveness of POV video modeling and VR distraction compared with the standard Tell-Show-Do technique in managing dental anxiety and improving children's cooperation during dental treatment.
Read the detailed description
The Facial Image Scale (FIS) will be used to evaluate the child's anxiety at four predefined time points: while the child is waiting in the waiting area, after sitting in the dental unit before the behavior guidance technique, after application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, and after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
Pulse rate and oxygen saturation will also be recorded at the same four assessment time points using a pulse oximeter. The Frankl Behavior Rating Scale will be used to assess behavioral cooperation before and during the dental procedure. Immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure, pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. A post-intervention satisfaction and experience questionnaire will also be administered to evaluate the child's experience and perceived comfort with the assigned behavior guidance technique.
- Conditions
- Dental Anxiety in Children
- Being tested
- Point-of-View (POV) Video Modeling, irtual Reality (VR) Distraction, Tell-Show-Do
- Keywords
- Dental Anxiety, Pediatric Dentistry, Behavior Guidance, Virtual Reality, Point-of-View Video Modeling
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Point-of-View (POV) Video ModelingBehavioural
Participants will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video before the dental procedure. The video presents the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective and is intended to familiarize the child with the dental procedure before invasive fissure sealant treatment.
irtual Reality (VR) DistractionBehavioural
Participants will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. Age-appropriate animation or cartoon content will be presented through the VR glasses as an active distraction technique during invasive fissure sealant treatment.
Tell-Show-DoBehavioural
Participants in the control group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique before and during the invasive fissure sealant procedure. The child will be introduced to the dental procedure using the standard Tell-Show-Do approach.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| POV Video Modeling Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video before the dental procedure. The video presents the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective and is designed to familiarize the child with the dental procedure before invasive fissure sealant treatment. Receives: Behavioral: Point-of-View (POV) Video Modeling |
| Virtual Reality (VR) Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. Age-appropriate animation or cartoon content will be presented through the VR glasses as an active distraction technique during invasive fissure sealant treatment. Receives: Behavioral: irtual Reality (VR) Distraction |
| Tell-Show-Do Control Group | Active comparator | Participants in this group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique before and during the invasive fissure sealant procedure. The child will be introduced to the dental procedure using the standard Tell-Show-Do approach. Receives: Behavioral: Tell-Show-Do |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Facial Image Scale (FIS) Score
Dental anxiety will be assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS). The FIS score will be recorded at four predefined time points: while the child is waiting in the waiting area, after sitting in the dental unit before application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, after application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, and after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
Measured: From the waiting area before the dental procedure to immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Secondary outcomes (6)
Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) Score
Dental fear and anxiety will be assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) at baseline during the first session and after completion of the dental treatment during the second session.
Measured: From baseline assessment during the first session to immediately after completion of the dental treatment during the second session
Frankl Behavior Rating Scale Score
The child's behavior will be assessed using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale during the first session, at the beginning of the second session, and at the end of the second session.
Measured: During the first session, at the beginning of the second session, and at the end of the second session
Pulse Rate
Pulse rate will be recorded at four predefined time points: while the child is waiting in the waiting area, after sitting in the dental unit, after application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, and after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
Measured: From the waiting area before the dental procedure to immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Oxygen saturation (SpO2) will be recorded at four predefined time points: while the child is waiting in the waiting area, after sitting in the dental unit, after application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, and after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
Measured: From the waiting area before the dental procedure to immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale Score
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
Measured: Immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Satisfaction and Experience Questionnaire
A post-intervention satisfaction and experience questionnaire will be administered to participants in the POV Video Modeling and Virtual Reality (VR) groups to assess their satisfaction, perception, and comfort regarding the assigned behavior guidance technique.
Measured: Immediately after completion of the dental procedure.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Oct 2026
- Study startSep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionJan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionJan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Dental Anxiety in ChildrenStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: POV video modeling, virtual reality distraction, or standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 69 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Didem ATABEK
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Gazi University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Didem ATABEK, Gazi University
- Investigators
- Didem Atabek, Prof. Dr., Principal investigator, Gazi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07894744
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025-2098
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kasimoglu Y, Alpaycetin E, Ince G, Tuna Ince EB. Reduction of Dental Anxiety in Children Using Virtual Reality: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2025 Sep 1;26(3):185-191. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.2109. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
PubMed 39465519Biradar NV, Patil SK, Pustake BJ, Kothawade DS. A Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Modeling Videos on Dental Anxiety of 3-6-year-old Children Requiring Treatment under Local Anesthesia: A Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024 Dec;17(12):1357-1362. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3016.
PubMed 39867125Hine JF, Hajek RT, Roberts HJ, Allen KD. Decreasing disruptive behaviour during routine dental visits: a video modelling intervention for young children. Int Dent J. 2019 Aug;69(4):265-272. doi: 10.1111/idj.12457. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
PubMed 30488954Anaturk S, Ozkan HD, Saral IP, Cakar T. Determining the Effect of Video Information on the Dental Anxiety Levels of the Endodontic Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2025 Nov;52(11):1933-1944. doi: 10.1111/joor.14054. Epub 2025 Jun 12.
PubMed 40506422
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of "Virtual Reality" (VR) and "Point-of-View" (POV) Video Modeling Techniques for Reducing Dental Anxiety in Children
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07894744
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025-2098
- Conditions
- Dental Anxiety in Children
- Keywords
- Dental Anxiety, Pediatric Dentistry, Behavior Guidance, Virtual Reality, Point-of-View Video Modeling
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 69 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Didem ATABEKUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Gazi University
- Study start
- Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 26 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Dental anxiety is common among children and may make dental treatment more difficult. This study aims to compare three non-pharmacological behavior guidance techniques for reducing dental anxiety and improving cooperation during invasive fissure sealant treatment in children aged 6-10 years.
Children who require an invasive fissure sealant on a mandibular first molar and meet the study eligibility criteria will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. The first group will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video showing the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective before the dental procedure. The second group will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the procedure and watch age-appropriate animation or cartoon content as an active distraction technique. The control group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique.
Dental anxiety, behavior, physiological responses, and pain will be assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), Facial Image Scale (FIS), Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. A post-intervention satisfaction and experience questionnaire will also be administered to assess the children's experiences with the behavior guidance techniques.
The study is expected to provide comparative evidence regarding the effectiveness of POV video modeling and VR distraction compared with the standard Tell-Show-Do technique in managing dental anxiety and improving children's cooperation during dental treatment.
Detailed description
The Facial Image Scale (FIS) will be used to evaluate the child's anxiety at four predefined time points: while the child is waiting in the waiting area, after sitting in the dental unit before the behavior guidance technique, after application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, and after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
Pulse rate and oxygen saturation will also be recorded at the same four assessment time points using a pulse oximeter. The Frankl Behavior Rating Scale will be used to assess behavioral cooperation before and during the dental procedure. Immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure, pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. A post-intervention satisfaction and experience questionnaire will also be administered to evaluate the child's experience and perceived comfort with the assigned behavior guidance technique.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: POV video modeling, virtual reality distraction, or standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| POV Video Modeling Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Point-of-View (POV) Video ModelingParticipants in this group will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video before the dental procedure. The video presents the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective and is designed to familiarize the child with the dental procedure before invasive fissure sealant treatment. |
| Virtual Reality (VR) Group | Experimental | Behavioral: irtual Reality (VR) DistractionParticipants in this group will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. Age-appropriate animation or cartoon content will be presented through the VR glasses as an active distraction technique during invasive fissure sealant treatment. |
| Tell-Show-Do Control Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Tell-Show-DoParticipants in this group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique before and during the invasive fissure sealant procedure. The child will be introduced to the dental procedure using the standard Tell-Show-Do approach. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 6 to 10 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Children aged 6-10 years.
- Children without any systemic or psychiatric disorder or special needs.
- Children who do not require emergency dental treatment.
- Children whose parent(s) provide written and/or verbal informed consent for participation in the study.
- Children who agree to participate in the assigned intervention, including watching the POV video or using virtual reality (VR) glasses, as applicable.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Children with a systemic or psychiatric disorder or special needs.
- Children who require emergency dental treatment.
- Children who refuse to use virtual reality (VR) glasses.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Point-of-View (POV) Video ModelingParticipants will watch a 1.5-2-minute Point-of-View (POV) video before the dental procedure. The video presents the dental examination and treatment process from a child's perspective and is intended to familiarize the child with the dental procedure before invasive fissure sealant treatment. | Behavioural | POV Video Modeling Group |
| irtual Reality (VR) DistractionParticipants will use virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. Age-appropriate animation or cartoon content will be presented through the VR glasses as an active distraction technique during invasive fissure sealant treatment. | Behavioural | Virtual Reality (VR) Group |
| Tell-Show-DoParticipants in the control group will receive the standard Tell-Show-Do behavior guidance technique before and during the invasive fissure sealant procedure. The child will be introduced to the dental procedure using the standard Tell-Show-Do approach. | Behavioural | Tell-Show-Do Control Group |
Primary outcome
Facial Image Scale (FIS) Score
Time frame: From the waiting area before the dental procedure to immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Dental anxiety will be assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS). The FIS score will be recorded at four predefined time points: while the child is waiting in the waiting area, after sitting in the dental unit before application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, after application of the assigned behavior guidance technique, and after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure.
6 secondary outcomes
Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) Score
Time frame: From baseline assessment during the first session to immediately after completion of the dental treatment during the second session
Frankl Behavior Rating Scale Score
Time frame: During the first session, at the beginning of the second session, and at the end of the second session
Pulse Rate
Time frame: From the waiting area before the dental procedure to immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Time frame: From the waiting area before the dental procedure to immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale Score
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure
Satisfaction and Experience Questionnaire
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the dental procedure.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Oct 2026.
- Background: PubMed 39465519Kasimoglu Y, Alpaycetin E, Ince G, Tuna Ince EB. Reduction of Dental Anxiety in Children Using Virtual Reality: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2025 Sep 1;26(3):185-191. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.2109. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
- Background: PubMed 39867125Biradar NV, Patil SK, Pustake BJ, Kothawade DS. A Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Modeling Videos on Dental Anxiety of 3-6-year-old Children Requiring Treatment under Local Anesthesia: A Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024 Dec;17(12):1357-1362. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3016.
- Background: PubMed 30488954Hine JF, Hajek RT, Roberts HJ, Allen KD. Decreasing disruptive behaviour during routine dental visits: a video modelling intervention for young children. Int Dent J. 2019 Aug;69(4):265-272. doi: 10.1111/idj.12457. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
- Background: PubMed 40506422Anaturk S, Ozkan HD, Saral IP, Cakar T. Determining the Effect of Video Information on the Dental Anxiety Levels of the Endodontic Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2025 Nov;52(11):1933-1944. doi: 10.1111/joor.14054. Epub 2025 Jun 12.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Didem Atabek, Prof. Dr. principal investigator
Gazi University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Point-of-View (POV) Video Modeling, irtual Reality (VR) Distraction and Tell-Show-Do in people with Dental Anxiety in Children, run by Didem ATABEK at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Ezgi Demir (+905399598979, ezgidemir@gazi.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Facial Image Scale (FIS) Score (time frame: From the waiting area before the dental procedure to immediately after completion of the invasive fissure sealant procedure). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07894744, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2026.