Physical FitnessNCT07876999
Validity of a New Taekwondo-Specific Field Test in Sub-Elite Athletes
An observational study of Physical Fitness and Aerobic Capacity, run by Manisa Celal Bayar University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to find out whether a new taekwondo-specific field test (TSFT) is a valid way to measure the fitness of taekwondo athletes. The TSFT was designed to reflect what athletes actually do in competition: repeated, high-intensity kicks scored by an official electronic scoring system, with short… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Physical Fitness, Aerobic Capacity, Anaerobic Performance
- What is being tested?
- Taekwondo-Specific Field Test, 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and Wingate Anaerobic Test
- How many people
- 12 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 Nov 2023to 18 Dec 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Male sub-elite taekwondo athletes who regularly competed in regional and national competitions, trained at least three sessions per week and were in active competitive status during the study period. Participants were recruited on a voluntary basis.
Who may be able to join
- Male taekwondo athletes classified as sub-elite (continuous participation in regional and national competitions)
- Regular systematic training of at least 3 sessions per week
- Active competitive status during the study period
- Free from injury
Who cannot join
- Any current injury or health condition preventing maximal-effort exercise
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Performance Laboratory
Manisa
About this study
Official title: Validation of a New Taekwondo-specific Field Test Based on Successful Scoring Kicks and Physiological Demands
The purpose of this study is to find out whether a new taekwondo-specific field test (TSFT) is a valid way to measure the fitness of taekwondo athletes. The TSFT was designed to reflect what athletes actually do in competition: repeated, high-intensity kicks scored by an official electronic scoring system, with short rest periods in between.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Read more
- Is performance on the TSFT related to aerobic fitness (estimated VO2max) measured with the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test?
- Is performance on the TSFT related to anaerobic performance and fatigue tolerance measured with the Wingate Anaerobic Test?
Male sub-elite taekwondo athletes completed the new TSFT and two widely used reference tests (the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and the Wingate Anaerobic Test). Researchers then compared the results of the new test with those of the reference tests.
Read the detailed description
Study design: This is a cross-sectional concurrent validity study. Each participant completed four testing sessions separated by 48 hours. All sessions were held indoors on official taekwondo flooring under standardized conditions (21-23°C), between 10:00 and 12:00, at the Performance Laboratory of the Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University. Before each session, participants completed a 15-minute standardized warm-up.
Session 1: Anthropometric measurements (height with a stadiometer; body mass, body mass index, muscle mass and fat mass by bioelectrical impedance, Tanita MC-980MA) and familiarization with the TSFT procedure.
Session 2: Taekwondo-Specific Field Test (TSFT). The test consists of 6 bouts of 20 seconds of maximal effort separated by 10 seconds of passive rest (total duration 180 seconds). During each bout, the athlete moves with taekwondo-specific steps between two targets (point A, 2 m ahead on the left diagonal, and point B, 4 m away after a 180° turn) and performs roundhouse kicks (dollyo chagi) and back kicks (dwit chagi) against electronic body protectors. Kicks are counted only when they are scored by the World Taekwondo-approved DAEDO PSS electronic scoring system (GEN2), with the pressure threshold set according to the athlete's weight category. Maximum, minimum, mean and total points and a fatigue index are calculated.
Sessions 3 and 4: The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15 IFT) and the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT; Monark 894E cycle ergometer, resistance 7.5% of body mass) are performed in randomized, counterbalanced order.
Participants refrain from intense exercise for 72 hours and from ergogenic aids for 24 hours before testing.
Statistical analysis: Normality is checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Relationships between TSFT parameters and 30-15 IFT and WAnT parameters are examined with Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression is used to evaluate the ability of TSFT parameters to predict aerobic capacity (R², standard error of the estimate, mean absolute error). Agreement between methods is assessed with Bland-Altman analysis with 95% limits of agreement. Significance is set at p < 0.05. The a priori sample size (G*Power 3.1.9.4; r = 0.70, α = 0.05, power = 0.80) was 13 participants.
- Conditions
- Physical Fitness, Aerobic Capacity, Anaerobic Performance
- Being tested
- Taekwondo-Specific Field Test, 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test, Wingate Anaerobic Test
- Keywords
- Taekwondo, Field Test, Martial Arts, Sport-Specific Test
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Taekwondo-Specific Field TestOther
Newly developed field test consisting of 6 bouts of 20 seconds of maximal effort separated by 10 seconds of passive rest (total 180 seconds). Athletes move between two targets using taekwondo-specific steps and perform roundhouse kicks (dollyo chagi) and back kicks (dwit chagi). Only kicks scored by the World Taekwondo-approved DAEDO PSS electronic scoring system, adjusted to the athlete's weight category, are counted. Maximum, minimum, mean and total points and a fatigue index are calculated.
30-15 Intermittent Fitness TestOther
Reference test for intermittent aerobic fitness. Athletes perform 30-second shuttle runs over 28 m separated by 15-second walking recovery periods. Running speed starts at 8 km/h and increases by 0.5 km/h at each stage until exhaustion. Final velocity (VIFT), total distance, total time and estimated VO2max are recorded.
Wingate Anaerobic TestOther
Reference test for anaerobic performance. Athletes perform a 30-second all-out sprint on a Monark 894E cycle ergometer against a resistance of 7.5% of body mass. Peak power, mean power and fatigue index are recorded.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sub-Elite Male Taekwondo Athletes | Male sub-elite taekwondo athletes who competed regularly in regional and national competitions and trained at least three sessions per week. All participants completed the Taekwondo-Specific Field Test, the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Receives: Other: Taekwondo-Specific Field Test; Other: 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test; Other: Wingate Anaerobic Test |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Taekwondo-Specific Field Test (TSFT) Mean Points
Mean number of scored kicks per bout during the TSFT (6 bouts of 20 seconds of maximal effort with 10 seconds of passive rest). Only kicks registered as valid (2 points) by the DAEDO PSS electronic scoring system, adjusted to the athlete's weight category, are counted. Mean points = total scored kicks divided by 6. Unit: points. Higher values indicate better performance. This measure is compared with estimated VO2max from the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test to assess concurrent validity.
Measured: Day 3 (second testing session, 48 hours after enrollment)
Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) From the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test
VO2max estimated from the final running velocity reached in the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-second shuttle runs over 28 m with 15-second recovery; starting speed 8 km/h, increasing by 0.5 km/h per stage until exhaustion). Unit: mL/kg/min. Higher values indicate greater aerobic capacity. Used as the reference measure for assessing the concurrent validity of the TSFT.
Measured: Single assessment between Day 5 and Day 7 after enrollment
Secondary outcomes (2)
Taekwondo-Specific Field Test (TSFT) Fatigue Index
Fatigue index calculated from the TSFT as (maximum points - minimum points) / total points x 100, where maximum and minimum points are the highest and lowest number of scored kicks in any of the 6 bouts. Unit: percentage (%). Higher values indicate greater performance decline across bouts. Compared with the Wingate Anaerobic Test fatigue index.
Measured: Day 3 (second testing session, 48 hours after enrollment)
Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) Fatigue Index
Percentage decline from peak power to the lowest power output during a 30-second all-out sprint on a Monark 894E cycle ergometer with a resistance of 7.5% of body mass. Unit: percentage (%). Higher values indicate greater fatigue. Used as the reference measure for the TSFT fatigue index.
Measured: Single assessment between Day 5 and Day 7 after enrollment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Oct 2026
- Study start20 Nov 2023
- Primary completion15 Dec 2023
- Study completion18 Dec 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Physical FitnessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Manisa Celal Bayar University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Erkan Günay, PhD, Principal investigator, Manisa Celal Bayar University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07876999
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025_TaekwondoTest
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 9 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 15 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data (anthropometric measurements and results of the Taekwondo-Specific Field Test, 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and Wingate Anaerobic Test) will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Validation of a New Taekwondo-specific Field Test Based on Successful Scoring Kicks and Physiological Demands
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07876999
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025_TaekwondoTest
- Conditions
- Physical Fitness, Aerobic Capacity, Anaerobic Performance
- Keywords
- Taekwondo, Field Test, Martial Arts, Sport-Specific Test
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Manisa Celal Bayar UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Dec 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to find out whether a new taekwondo-specific field test (TSFT) is a valid way to measure the fitness of taekwondo athletes. The TSFT was designed to reflect what athletes actually do in competition: repeated, high-intensity kicks scored by an official electronic scoring system, with short rest periods in between.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
- Is performance on the TSFT related to aerobic fitness (estimated VO2max) measured with the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test?
- Is performance on the TSFT related to anaerobic performance and fatigue tolerance measured with the Wingate Anaerobic Test?
Male sub-elite taekwondo athletes completed the new TSFT and two widely used reference tests (the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and the Wingate Anaerobic Test). Researchers then compared the results of the new test with those of the reference tests.
Detailed description
Study design: This is a cross-sectional concurrent validity study. Each participant completed four testing sessions separated by 48 hours. All sessions were held indoors on official taekwondo flooring under standardized conditions (21-23°C), between 10:00 and 12:00, at the Performance Laboratory of the Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University. Before each session, participants completed a 15-minute standardized warm-up.
Session 1: Anthropometric measurements (height with a stadiometer; body mass, body mass index, muscle mass and fat mass by bioelectrical impedance, Tanita MC-980MA) and familiarization with the TSFT procedure.
Session 2: Taekwondo-Specific Field Test (TSFT). The test consists of 6 bouts of 20 seconds of maximal effort separated by 10 seconds of passive rest (total duration 180 seconds). During each bout, the athlete moves with taekwondo-specific steps between two targets (point A, 2 m ahead on the left diagonal, and point B, 4 m away after a 180° turn) and performs roundhouse kicks (dollyo chagi) and back kicks (dwit chagi) against electronic body protectors. Kicks are counted only when they are scored by the World Taekwondo-approved DAEDO PSS electronic scoring system (GEN2), with the pressure threshold set according to the athlete's weight category. Maximum, minimum, mean and total points and a fatigue index are calculated.
Sessions 3 and 4: The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15 IFT) and the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT; Monark 894E cycle ergometer, resistance 7.5% of body mass) are performed in randomized, counterbalanced order.
Participants refrain from intense exercise for 72 hours and from ergogenic aids for 24 hours before testing.
Statistical analysis: Normality is checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Relationships between TSFT parameters and 30-15 IFT and WAnT parameters are examined with Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression is used to evaluate the ability of TSFT parameters to predict aerobic capacity (R², standard error of the estimate, mean absolute error). Agreement between methods is assessed with Bland-Altman analysis with 95% limits of agreement. Significance is set at p < 0.05. The a priori sample size (G*Power 3.1.9.4; r = 0.70, α = 0.05, power = 0.80) was 13 participants.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sub-Elite Male Taekwondo Athletes | – | Other: Taekwondo-Specific Field Test, Other: 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test, Other: Wingate Anaerobic TestMale sub-elite taekwondo athletes who competed regularly in regional and national competitions and trained at least three sessions per week. All participants completed the Taekwondo-Specific Field Test, the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and the Wingate Anaerobic Test. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Male sub-elite taekwondo athletes who regularly competed in regional and national competitions, trained at least three sessions per week and were in active competitive status during the study period. Participants were recruited on a voluntary basis.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Male taekwondo athletes classified as sub-elite (continuous participation in regional and national competitions)
- Regular systematic training of at least 3 sessions per week
- Active competitive status during the study period
- Free from injury
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Any current injury or health condition preventing maximal-effort exercise
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Taekwondo-Specific Field TestNewly developed field test consisting of 6 bouts of 20 seconds of maximal effort separated by 10 seconds of passive rest (total 180 seconds). Athletes move between two targets using taekwondo-specific steps and perform roundhouse kicks (dollyo chagi) and back kicks (dwit chagi). Only kicks scored by the World Taekwondo-approved DAEDO PSS electronic scoring system, adjusted to the athlete's weight category, are counted. Maximum, minimum, mean and total points and a fatigue index are calculated. | Other | Sub-Elite Male Taekwondo Athletes |
| 30-15 Intermittent Fitness TestReference test for intermittent aerobic fitness. Athletes perform 30-second shuttle runs over 28 m separated by 15-second walking recovery periods. Running speed starts at 8 km/h and increases by 0.5 km/h at each stage until exhaustion. Final velocity (VIFT), total distance, total time and estimated VO2max are recorded. | Other | Sub-Elite Male Taekwondo Athletes |
| Wingate Anaerobic TestReference test for anaerobic performance. Athletes perform a 30-second all-out sprint on a Monark 894E cycle ergometer against a resistance of 7.5% of body mass. Peak power, mean power and fatigue index are recorded. | Other | Sub-Elite Male Taekwondo Athletes |
Primary outcome
Taekwondo-Specific Field Test (TSFT) Mean Points
Time frame: Day 3 (second testing session, 48 hours after enrollment)
Mean number of scored kicks per bout during the TSFT (6 bouts of 20 seconds of maximal effort with 10 seconds of passive rest). Only kicks registered as valid (2 points) by the DAEDO PSS electronic scoring system, adjusted to the athlete's weight category, are counted. Mean points = total scored kicks divided by 6. Unit: points. Higher values indicate better performance. This measure is compared with estimated VO2max from the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test to assess concurrent validity.
Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) From the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test
Time frame: Single assessment between Day 5 and Day 7 after enrollment
VO2max estimated from the final running velocity reached in the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-second shuttle runs over 28 m with 15-second recovery; starting speed 8 km/h, increasing by 0.5 km/h per stage until exhaustion). Unit: mL/kg/min. Higher values indicate greater aerobic capacity. Used as the reference measure for assessing the concurrent validity of the TSFT.
2 secondary outcomes
Taekwondo-Specific Field Test (TSFT) Fatigue Index
Time frame: Day 3 (second testing session, 48 hours after enrollment)
Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) Fatigue Index
Time frame: Single assessment between Day 5 and Day 7 after enrollment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data (anthropometric measurements and results of the Taekwondo-Specific Field Test, 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test and Wingate Anaerobic Test) will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Erkan Günay, PhD principal investigator
Manisa Celal Bayar University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Physical Fitness and Aerobic Capacity, run by Manisa Celal Bayar University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Taekwondo-Specific Field Test (TSFT) Mean Points (time frame: Day 3 (second testing session, 48 hours after enrollment)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Oct 2026.