Exercise Training AdaptationNCT07864012
Physiological and Molecular Adaptations to Different Training Modalities in National-level Kayak Athletes
A study testing High-Intensity Interval Training, Sprint Interval Training and Combined High-Intensity and Continuous Training in people with Exercise Training Adaptation, run by National and Kapodistrian University of Athens at 1 site in Greece.
Trial summary
This interventional study evaluated physiological, molecular, and performance adaptations to different high-intensity training modalities in national-level kayak athletes. Thirty-two athletes were allocated to four parallel groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), combined… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 28 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Exercise Training Adaptation
- What is being tested?
- High-Intensity Interval Training, Sprint Interval Training and Combined High-Intensity and Continuous Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGreece
- Study dates
- 8 Nov 2024to 23 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 28 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- National-level flatwater kayak athlete.
- At least 4 years of systematic kayak training experience.
- Active participation in kayak training and competition.
- Able to complete the prescribed training interventions and physiological and performance testing procedures.
Who cannot join
- Injury or illness that prevented participation in the training intervention or testing procedures.
- Inability to complete the prescribed intervention or required study assessments.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Greece1 site
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Athens, Attica, 17237
About this study
Official title: Physiological and Molecular Responses to Different Intensities of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Training in National-Level Kayak Athletes
This interventional study evaluated physiological, molecular, and performance adaptations to different high-intensity training modalities in national-level kayak athletes. Thirty-two athletes were allocated to four parallel groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), combined training (COMB), or a control condition (CON). The study protocol included a six-week detraining period before baseline (PRE) assessments, followed by a six-week training intervention and a subsequent six-week detraining period. Physiological assessments and blood sampling were performed at PRE and immediately after the training intervention (POST) to evaluate training-related changes. Sprint kayak performance over 500 m was assessed at PRE and POST, with additional assessments conducted 15 and 30 days after completion of the subsequent six-week detraining period. The study aimed to examine the effects of different training modalities on physiological responses, circulating molecular markers, and 500-m kayak performance, as well as changes in performance following detraining.
Read the detailed description
This study used a matched randomized, four-parallel-group interventional design to investigate physiological, molecular, and performance adaptations to different training modalities in national-level kayak athletes. Thirty-two athletes (24 males and 8 females), each with at least four years of kayaking experience, participated in the study.
Before baseline (PRE) assessments, participants completed a six-week detraining period. Participants were subsequently matched according to sex and baseline 500-m performance and allocated by randomization to one of four parallel groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), combined training (COMB), or control (CON). Each group consisted of eight athletes (six males and two females).
The training intervention lasted six weeks, with three scheduled sessions per week. The HIIT group performed 6 x 30-s intervals at 110% of VO2max with 60-s recovery periods. The SIT group performed 6 x 15-s intervals at approximately 140% of VO2max with 150-s recovery periods. The COMB group performed one HIIT session, one SIT session, and one 45-min continuous training session at 80% of VO2max per week. The CON group performed three 1-h walking sessions per week.
Physiological assessments were performed before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the training intervention and included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), power output associated with maximal oxygen uptake (POVO2max), power output at the second ventilatory threshold (POVT2), power output corresponding to 75% of VO2max, blood lactate concentration, and maximal heart rate.
Blood samples were collected at PRE and POST to assess circulating markers related to inflammatory, angiogenic, hypoxia-related, and antioxidant responses, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
A 500-m kayak performance test was conducted at PRE and POST. Following completion of the POST assessments, participants completed a subsequent six-week detraining period. Additional 500-m performance assessments were conducted 15 and 30 days after completion of the six-week detraining period to assess changes in 500-m performance following detraining.
- Conditions
- Exercise Training Adaptation
- Being tested
- High-Intensity Interval Training, Sprint Interval Training, Combined High-Intensity and Continuous Training, Control
- Keywords
- sprint kayaking, High-Intensity Interval Training, Sprint Interval Training, Exercise Physiology, Physiological Adaptations, Molecular Adaptations
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
High-Intensity Interval TrainingBehavioural
Also called HIIT
Participants performed high-intensity interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each training session consisted of 6 × 30-second intervals at 110% of VO₂max, with 60-second recovery periods between intervals.
Sprint Interval TrainingBehavioural
Also called SIT
Participants performed sprint interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each training session consisted of 6 × 15-second intervals at approximately 140% of VO₂max, with 150-second recovery periods between intervals.
Combined High-Intensity and Continuous TrainingBehavioural
Also called COMB
Participants performed combined training for six weeks, with three training sessions per week. The weekly program consisted of one high-intensity interval training session (6 × 30-second intervals at 110% of VO₂max with 60-second recovery periods), one sprint interval training session (6 × 15-second intervals at approximately 140% of VO₂max with 150-second recovery periods), and one 45-minute continuous training session at 80% of VO₂max.
ControlBehavioural
Also called CON
Participants performed three 1-hour walking sessions per week for six weeks and did not participate in the experimental high-intensity training protocols.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) | Experimental | Participants performed high-intensity interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each session included 6 × 30-s intervals at 110% of VO₂max with 60-s passive recovery periods. Receives: Behavioral: High-Intensity Interval Training |
| Sprint Interval Training (SIT) | Experimental | Participants performed sprint interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each session included 6 × 15-s intervals at approximately 140% of VO₂max with 150-s passive recovery periods. Receives: Behavioral: Sprint Interval Training |
| Combined Training (COMB) | Experimental | Participants performed combined training for six weeks, consisting of one HIIT session, one SIT session, and one 45-min continuous training session at 80% of VO₂max per week. Receives: Behavioral: Combined High-Intensity and Continuous Training |
| Control (CON) | Active comparator | Participants performed three 1-h walking sessions per week for six weeks and did not participate in the experimental high-intensity training protocols. Receives: Behavioral: Control |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) was assessed using an incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. VO₂max was used to evaluate changes in aerobic physiological capacity following the different training interventions.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
500-m kayak performance
Time required to complete a 500-m maximal-effort kayak ergometer performance test, recorded in seconds. Lower values indicate faster performance.
Measured: Baseline (PRE), immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST), and 15 and 30 days after completion of the 6-week detraining period
Change in power output at VO₂max (POVO₂max)
Power output at VO₂max (POVO₂max) was assessed during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in watts (W) and used to evaluate changes in maximal aerobic power.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in power output at the second ventilatory threshold (POVT₂)
Power output at the second ventilatory threshold (POVT₂) was determined during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in watts (W) and used to evaluate changes in submaximal aerobic performance.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in power output at 75% of VO₂max (PO75%VO₂max)
Power output corresponding to 75% of VO₂max was determined from the oxygen uptake-power relationship obtained during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in watts (W).
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in blood lactate concentration
Blood lactate concentration was measured 3 minutes after completion of the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in mmol/L.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in maximal heart rate (HRmax)
Maximal heart rate (HRmax) was recorded during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in beats per minute (bpm).
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in the circulating inflammatory response.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) concentration was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in the circulating angiogenic response.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in circulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)
Serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) concentration was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in the circulating hypoxia-related response.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Change in total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in systemic antioxidant capacity.
Measured: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Oct 2026
- Study start8 Nov 2024
- Primary completion23 Apr 2025
- Study completion23 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Exercise Training AdaptationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National and Kapodistrian University of AthensThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were matched according to sex and baseline 500-m kayak performance and subsequently randomized to one of four parallel groups: HIIT, SIT, COMB, or CON.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, APOSTOLOS PAPANDREOU, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07864012
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 3422/Δ5
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 30 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 7 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because participant consent did not include provisions for public or unrestricted sharing of individual-level data.
Publications
Papandreou A, Paradisis G, Philippou A, Zacharogiannis E. Contribution of Aerobic Physiological Variables to 500 m Sprint Kayak Performance in National-Level Athletes: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis. Sports (Basel). 2026 Aug 20;14(8):363. doi: 10.3390/sports14080363.
PubMed 42646900
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Physiological and Molecular Responses to Different Intensities of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Training in National-Level Kayak Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07864012
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 3422/Δ5
- Conditions
- Exercise Training Adaptation
- Keywords
- sprint kayaking, High-Intensity Interval Training, Sprint Interval Training, Exercise Physiology, Physiological Adaptations, Molecular Adaptations
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National and Kapodistrian University of AthensUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 8 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This interventional study evaluated physiological, molecular, and performance adaptations to different high-intensity training modalities in national-level kayak athletes. Thirty-two athletes were allocated to four parallel groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), combined training (COMB), or a control condition (CON). The study protocol included a six-week detraining period before baseline (PRE) assessments, followed by a six-week training intervention and a subsequent six-week detraining period. Physiological assessments and blood sampling were performed at PRE and immediately after the training intervention (POST) to evaluate training-related changes. Sprint kayak performance over 500 m was assessed at PRE and POST, with additional assessments conducted 15 and 30 days after completion of the subsequent six-week detraining period. The study aimed to examine the effects of different training modalities on physiological responses, circulating molecular markers, and 500-m kayak performance, as well as changes in performance following detraining.
Detailed description
This study used a matched randomized, four-parallel-group interventional design to investigate physiological, molecular, and performance adaptations to different training modalities in national-level kayak athletes. Thirty-two athletes (24 males and 8 females), each with at least four years of kayaking experience, participated in the study.
Before baseline (PRE) assessments, participants completed a six-week detraining period. Participants were subsequently matched according to sex and baseline 500-m performance and allocated by randomization to one of four parallel groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), combined training (COMB), or control (CON). Each group consisted of eight athletes (six males and two females).
The training intervention lasted six weeks, with three scheduled sessions per week. The HIIT group performed 6 x 30-s intervals at 110% of VO2max with 60-s recovery periods. The SIT group performed 6 x 15-s intervals at approximately 140% of VO2max with 150-s recovery periods. The COMB group performed one HIIT session, one SIT session, and one 45-min continuous training session at 80% of VO2max per week. The CON group performed three 1-h walking sessions per week.
Physiological assessments were performed before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the training intervention and included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), power output associated with maximal oxygen uptake (POVO2max), power output at the second ventilatory threshold (POVT2), power output corresponding to 75% of VO2max, blood lactate concentration, and maximal heart rate.
Blood samples were collected at PRE and POST to assess circulating markers related to inflammatory, angiogenic, hypoxia-related, and antioxidant responses, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
A 500-m kayak performance test was conducted at PRE and POST. Following completion of the POST assessments, participants completed a subsequent six-week detraining period. Additional 500-m performance assessments were conducted 15 and 30 days after completion of the six-week detraining period to assess changes in 500-m performance following detraining.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- Participants were matched according to sex and baseline 500-m kayak performance and subsequently randomized to one of four parallel groups: HIIT, SIT, COMB, or CON.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) | Experimental | Behavioral: High-Intensity Interval TrainingParticipants performed high-intensity interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each session included 6 × 30-s intervals at 110% of VO₂max with 60-s passive recovery periods. |
| Sprint Interval Training (SIT) | Experimental | Behavioral: Sprint Interval TrainingParticipants performed sprint interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each session included 6 × 15-s intervals at approximately 140% of VO₂max with 150-s passive recovery periods. |
| Combined Training (COMB) | Experimental | Behavioral: Combined High-Intensity and Continuous TrainingParticipants performed combined training for six weeks, consisting of one HIIT session, one SIT session, and one 45-min continuous training session at 80% of VO₂max per week. |
| Control (CON) | Active comparator | Behavioral: ControlParticipants performed three 1-h walking sessions per week for six weeks and did not participate in the experimental high-intensity training protocols. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 28 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- National-level flatwater kayak athlete.
- At least 4 years of systematic kayak training experience.
- Active participation in kayak training and competition.
- Able to complete the prescribed training interventions and physiological and performance testing procedures.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Injury or illness that prevented participation in the training intervention or testing procedures.
- Inability to complete the prescribed intervention or required study assessments.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval TrainingAlso: HIITParticipants performed high-intensity interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each training session consisted of 6 × 30-second intervals at 110% of VO₂max, with 60-second recovery periods between intervals. | Behavioural | High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) |
| Sprint Interval TrainingAlso: SITParticipants performed sprint interval training three times per week for six weeks. Each training session consisted of 6 × 15-second intervals at approximately 140% of VO₂max, with 150-second recovery periods between intervals. | Behavioural | Sprint Interval Training (SIT) |
| Combined High-Intensity and Continuous TrainingAlso: COMBParticipants performed combined training for six weeks, with three training sessions per week. The weekly program consisted of one high-intensity interval training session (6 × 30-second intervals at 110% of VO₂max with 60-second recovery periods), one sprint interval training session (6 × 15-second intervals at approximately 140% of VO₂max with 150-second recovery periods), and one 45-minute continuous training session at 80% of VO₂max. | Behavioural | Combined Training (COMB) |
| ControlAlso: CONParticipants performed three 1-hour walking sessions per week for six weeks and did not participate in the experimental high-intensity training protocols. | Behavioural | Control (CON) |
Primary outcome
Change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) was assessed using an incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. VO₂max was used to evaluate changes in aerobic physiological capacity following the different training interventions.
500-m kayak performance
Time frame: Baseline (PRE), immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST), and 15 and 30 days after completion of the 6-week detraining period
Time required to complete a 500-m maximal-effort kayak ergometer performance test, recorded in seconds. Lower values indicate faster performance.
Change in power output at VO₂max (POVO₂max)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Power output at VO₂max (POVO₂max) was assessed during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in watts (W) and used to evaluate changes in maximal aerobic power.
Change in power output at the second ventilatory threshold (POVT₂)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Power output at the second ventilatory threshold (POVT₂) was determined during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in watts (W) and used to evaluate changes in submaximal aerobic performance.
Change in power output at 75% of VO₂max (PO75%VO₂max)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Power output corresponding to 75% of VO₂max was determined from the oxygen uptake-power relationship obtained during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in watts (W).
Change in blood lactate concentration
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Blood lactate concentration was measured 3 minutes after completion of the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in mmol/L.
Change in maximal heart rate (HRmax)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Maximal heart rate (HRmax) was recorded during the incremental kayak ergometer test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention. The outcome was expressed in beats per minute (bpm).
Change in circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in the circulating inflammatory response.
Change in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) concentration was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in the circulating angiogenic response.
Change in circulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) concentration was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in the circulating hypoxia-related response.
Change in total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
Time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)
Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was assessed from venous blood samples collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week intervention to evaluate changes in systemic antioxidant capacity.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Oct 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 42646900Papandreou A, Paradisis G, Philippou A, Zacharogiannis E. Contribution of Aerobic Physiological Variables to 500 m Sprint Kayak Performance in National-Level Athletes: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis. Sports (Basel). 2026 Aug 20;14(8):363. doi: 10.3390/sports14080363.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because participant consent did not include provisions for public or unrestricted sharing of individual-level data.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing High-Intensity Interval Training, Sprint Interval Training and Combined High-Intensity and Continuous Training in people with Exercise Training Adaptation, run by National and Kapodistrian University of Athens at 1 site in Greece.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Greece. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) (time frame: Baseline (PRE) and immediately after the 6-week intervention (POST)). The study lists 11 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07864012, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Oct 2026.