Coronary Angiography (CAG)NCT07860268
Virtual Reality During Coronary Angiography
A study testing Virtual Reality Application in people with Coronary Angiography (CAG), run by Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality application on pain, anxiety, vital signs, and comfort during coronary angiography. The findings provided evidence on non-pharmacological methods to improve patient comfort and reduce anxiety during invasive cardiac procedures. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Coronary Angiography (CAG)
- What is being tested?
- Virtual Reality Application
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 62 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2025to 30 Apr 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- The study included patients aged 18 and older who were able to communicate, speak and understand Turkish, were literate, were scheduled to undergo planned radial angiography, and agreed to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Patients with epilepsy, cognitive/sensory impairment, claustrophobia, and loss of consciousness, as well as those experiencing acute/emergency myocardial infarction and those who declined to participate, were not included in the study. Additionally, patients for whom femoral or other arterial access routes were preferred were excluded from the study due to differences in post-procedure follow-up, care, and potential complication management.
- Discontinuation criteria:
- -Patients who developed ventricular fibrillation (VF), cardiac arrest, coronary artery perforation, allergic reaction to the contrast agent, or aortic dissection during the coronary angiography procedure, as well as those who voluntarily wished to withdraw from the research during the data collection process, were excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
Karaman, Merkez, 70100
About this study
Official title: Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Anxiety, Vital Signs and Comfort During Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality application on pain, anxiety, vital signs, and comfort during coronary angiography. The findings provided evidence on non-pharmacological methods to improve patient comfort and reduce anxiety during invasive cardiac procedures.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) application on pain, anxiety, vital signs, and comfort levels among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Participants were assigned to either the intervention group (receiving the VR application during the procedure) or the control group (receiving standard care). Data were collected using standardized assessment tools to measure pain, anxiety, and comfort, alongside routine monitoring of vital signs before, during, and after the procedure.
- Conditions
- Coronary Angiography (CAG)
- Being tested
- Virtual Reality Application
- Keywords
- virtual reality, pain, comfort, anxiety
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual Reality ApplicationDevice
The virtual reality application was administered to the participants using a head-mounted display presenting relaxing visual and auditory content throughout the coronary angiography procedure.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality (VR) Group | Experimental | Participants in this group received the virtual reality (VR) application during the coronary angiography procedure. Receives: Device: Virtual Reality Application |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants in this group received standard care and routine monitoring during the coronary angiography procedure without any virtual reality application. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain Level
Assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) during the coronary angiography procedure.
Measured: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Anxiety levels
Assessed using State Anxiety Inventory to measure patient anxiety during the coronary angiography process.
Measured: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Blood pressure
Assessed using a sphygmomanometer to measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) to monitor patients' physiological status.
Measured: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Heart Rate
Assessed as pulse rate per minute to monitor physiological status and cardiovascular response.
Measured: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Respiratory rate
Assessed by counting breaths per minute to monitor respiratory status.
Measured: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)
Assessed using a pulse oximeter to measure peripheral oxygen saturation percentages (%).
Measured: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Comfort level
Assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) during the coronary angiography procedure.
Measured: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Oct 2026
- Study start1 Jun 2025
- Primary completion30 Apr 2026
- Study completion30 Apr 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Coronary Angiography (CAG)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 62 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, GAMZE GOKE ARSLAN, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07860268
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 05-2025/62
- Other IDs
- 16-M-25
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 27 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 6 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain, Anxiety, Vital Signs and Comfort During Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07860268
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 05-2025/62
- Conditions
- Coronary Angiography (CAG)
- Keywords
- virtual reality, pain, comfort, anxiety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 62 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality application on pain, anxiety, vital signs, and comfort during coronary angiography. The findings provided evidence on non-pharmacological methods to improve patient comfort and reduce anxiety during invasive cardiac procedures.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) application on pain, anxiety, vital signs, and comfort levels among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Participants were assigned to either the intervention group (receiving the VR application during the procedure) or the control group (receiving standard care). Data were collected using standardized assessment tools to measure pain, anxiety, and comfort, alongside routine monitoring of vital signs before, during, and after the procedure.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality (VR) Group | Experimental | Device: Virtual Reality ApplicationParticipants in this group received the virtual reality (VR) application during the coronary angiography procedure. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants in this group received standard care and routine monitoring during the coronary angiography procedure without any virtual reality application. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- The study included patients aged 18 and older who were able to communicate, speak and understand Turkish, were literate, were scheduled to undergo planned radial angiography, and agreed to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Patients with epilepsy, cognitive/sensory impairment, claustrophobia, and loss of consciousness, as well as those experiencing acute/emergency myocardial infarction and those who declined to participate, were not included in the study. Additionally, patients for whom femoral or other arterial access routes were preferred were excluded from the study due to differences in post-procedure follow-up, care, and potential complication management.
- -Patients who developed ventricular fibrillation (VF), cardiac arrest, coronary artery perforation, allergic reaction to the contrast agent, or aortic dissection during the coronary angiography procedure, as well as those who voluntarily wished to withdraw from the research during the data collection process, were excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality ApplicationThe virtual reality application was administered to the participants using a head-mounted display presenting relaxing visual and auditory content throughout the coronary angiography procedure. | Device | Virtual Reality (VR) Group |
Primary outcome
Pain Level
Time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) during the coronary angiography procedure.
Anxiety levels
Time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Assessed using State Anxiety Inventory to measure patient anxiety during the coronary angiography process.
Blood pressure
Time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Assessed using a sphygmomanometer to measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) to monitor patients' physiological status.
Heart Rate
Time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Assessed as pulse rate per minute to monitor physiological status and cardiovascular response.
Respiratory rate
Time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Assessed by counting breaths per minute to monitor respiratory status.
Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)
Time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure
Assessed using a pulse oximeter to measure peripheral oxygen saturation percentages (%).
Comfort level
Time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure.
Assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) during the coronary angiography procedure.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual Reality Application in people with Coronary Angiography (CAG), run by Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain Level (time frame: Before the coronary angiography procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Oct 2026.