Gait Analysis in Healthy SubjectsNCT07858786
Effects of Smartphone Use on Gait and Postural Control in Healthy Adults
A study testing Instagram Browsing, YouTube Video Viewing and Text Messaging in people with Gait Analysis in Healthy Subjects and Balance Control, run by Poznan University of Physical Education at 1 site in Poland.
Trial summary
This study evaluated the effects of smartphone use on gait biomechanics and standing postural control in healthy adults. Participants performed standardized smartphone tasks under different experimental conditions while walking on a treadmill and while maintaining a standing position. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Gait Analysis in Healthy Subjects, Balance Control, Smartphones
- What is being tested?
- Instagram Browsing, YouTube Video Viewing and Text Messaging
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePoland
- Study dates
- 31 Jan 2024to 24 Mar 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18-35 years
- Ability to walk and stand independently without assistive devices
- No diagnosed neurological or orthopedic conditions affecting gait or balance
- Regular smartphone use and ability to use smartphone applications, including social media, video viewing, and text messaging
- Ownership of a smartphone
Who cannot join
- History of balance disorders, dizziness, or vertigo
- Acute lower-limb injury within the previous 6 months
- Pregnancy
- Uncorrected visual impairment that could interfere with smartphone use
- Inability to use a smartphone
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Poland1 site
Poznań University of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences
Gorzów Wielkopolski, 66-400
About this study
Official title: Effects of Digital Device Use on Gait Biomechanics and Static Postural Control
This study evaluated the effects of smartphone use on gait biomechanics and standing postural control in healthy adults. Participants performed standardized smartphone tasks under different experimental conditions while walking on a treadmill and while maintaining a standing position. Gait parameters and postural control measures were assessed to determine whether the type of smartphone task and the manner of using the device influence human movement and balance. The study aimed to identify task-specific changes associated with smartphone use during walking and standing.
Read the detailed description
This randomized experimental study investigated the effects of smartphone use on gait biomechanics and static postural control in healthy adults. The study consisted of two complementary experimental assessments: treadmill gait analysis and standing posturography.
During the gait assessment, participants walked on a treadmill at a standardized speed while performing predefined smartphone tasks. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were recorded and compared between experimental conditions.
During the postural control assessment, participants performed smartphone-related tasks while standing. Postural stability was assessed using posturographic measures derived from center-of-pressure displacement. Experimental conditions differed according to the type of smartphone task and the manner in which the device was held or used.
The study was designed to determine whether smartphone-related cognitive and motor demands produce task-specific changes in gait and postural control. The two experimental components were analyzed separately because they represent different aspects of motor performance: dynamic locomotion and static postural stability.
- Being tested
- Instagram Browsing, YouTube Video Viewing, Text Messaging
- Keywords
- Smartphone, Gait, Postural Control, Treadmill walking, Posturography, Biomechanics
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Instagram BrowsingBehavioural
Participants browsed short-form video content on Instagram using their own smartphone during the experimental assessment. The smartphone was held naturally, usually in portrait orientation in one hand.
YouTube Video ViewingBehavioural
Participants watched the same standardized one-minute educational video on YouTube during the experimental assessment while holding their smartphone with both hands in landscape orientation at a comfortable height.
Text MessagingBehavioural
Participants repeatedly typed a standardized Polish text message on their own smartphone during the experimental assessment. The smartphone was held naturally, usually in one hand.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | Participants completed both assessments without smartphone use or any additional task. |
| Experimental | Participants completed the baseline assessment without smartphone use and, during the second assessment, browsed short videos on Instagram using their own smartphone. Receives: Behavioral: Instagram Browsing | |
| Texting | Experimental | Participants completed the baseline assessment without smartphone use and, during the second assessment, repeatedly typed a standardized text message on their own smartphone. Receives: Behavioral: Text Messaging |
| YouTube | Experimental | Participants completed the baseline assessment without smartphone use and, during the second assessment, watched a standardized one-minute video on YouTube while holding the smartphone with both hands in landscape orientation. Receives: Behavioral: YouTube Video Viewing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Cadence
Change in gait cadence between the baseline assessment and the second assessment, measured using the Zebris FDM-T instrumented treadmill.
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Total Double Support Time
Change in total double support time between the baseline assessment and the second assessment, measured using the Zebris FDM-T instrumented treadmill.
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Left Step Length
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Right Step Length
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Step Width
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Left Foot Rotation
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Right Foot Rotation
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Lower-Limb Load Asymmetry Index
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Path Length
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Mean Sway
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Mean Velocity
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Sway Area
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Maximum Sway
Measured: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Oct 2026
- Study start31 Jan 2024
- Primary completion22 Mar 2024
- Study completion24 Mar 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Gait Analysis in Healthy SubjectsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of four parallel groups: Control, Instagram, Texting, or YouTube. All participants completed a baseline assessment without smartphone use followed by a second assessment according to their assigned group. The same four-group experimental design was applied to treadmill gait and standing posturography assessments. The Control group repeated the assessment without smartphone use, whereas the experimental groups performed their assigned smartphone task during the second assessment.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Poznan University of Physical Education
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07858786
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AWF-SMARTPHONE-01
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 24 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 5 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data underlying the reported results are available in public research data repositories. Data from the treadmill gait assessment and standing posturography assessment are shared separately together with the corresponding study datasets.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Digital Device Use on Gait Biomechanics and Static Postural Control
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07858786
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AWF-SMARTPHONE-01
- Keywords
- Smartphone, Gait, Postural Control, Treadmill walking, Posturography, Biomechanics
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Poznan University of Physical EducationUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 31 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Mar 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluated the effects of smartphone use on gait biomechanics and standing postural control in healthy adults. Participants performed standardized smartphone tasks under different experimental conditions while walking on a treadmill and while maintaining a standing position. Gait parameters and postural control measures were assessed to determine whether the type of smartphone task and the manner of using the device influence human movement and balance. The study aimed to identify task-specific changes associated with smartphone use during walking and standing.
Detailed description
This randomized experimental study investigated the effects of smartphone use on gait biomechanics and static postural control in healthy adults. The study consisted of two complementary experimental assessments: treadmill gait analysis and standing posturography.
During the gait assessment, participants walked on a treadmill at a standardized speed while performing predefined smartphone tasks. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were recorded and compared between experimental conditions.
During the postural control assessment, participants performed smartphone-related tasks while standing. Postural stability was assessed using posturographic measures derived from center-of-pressure displacement. Experimental conditions differed according to the type of smartphone task and the manner in which the device was held or used.
The study was designed to determine whether smartphone-related cognitive and motor demands produce task-specific changes in gait and postural control. The two experimental components were analyzed separately because they represent different aspects of motor performance: dynamic locomotion and static postural stability.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of four parallel groups: Control, Instagram, Texting, or YouTube. All participants completed a baseline assessment without smartphone use followed by a second assessment according to their assigned group. The same four-group experimental design was applied to treadmill gait and standing posturography assessments. The Control group repeated the assessment without smartphone use, whereas the experimental groups performed their assigned smartphone task during the second assessment.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | No intervention | –Participants completed both assessments without smartphone use or any additional task. |
| Experimental | Behavioral: Instagram BrowsingParticipants completed the baseline assessment without smartphone use and, during the second assessment, browsed short videos on Instagram using their own smartphone. | |
| Texting | Experimental | Behavioral: Text MessagingParticipants completed the baseline assessment without smartphone use and, during the second assessment, repeatedly typed a standardized text message on their own smartphone. |
| YouTube | Experimental | Behavioral: YouTube Video ViewingParticipants completed the baseline assessment without smartphone use and, during the second assessment, watched a standardized one-minute video on YouTube while holding the smartphone with both hands in landscape orientation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age 18-35 years
- Ability to walk and stand independently without assistive devices
- No diagnosed neurological or orthopedic conditions affecting gait or balance
- Regular smartphone use and ability to use smartphone applications, including social media, video viewing, and text messaging
- Ownership of a smartphone
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- History of balance disorders, dizziness, or vertigo
- Acute lower-limb injury within the previous 6 months
- Pregnancy
- Uncorrected visual impairment that could interfere with smartphone use
- Inability to use a smartphone
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Instagram BrowsingParticipants browsed short-form video content on Instagram using their own smartphone during the experimental assessment. The smartphone was held naturally, usually in portrait orientation in one hand. | Behavioural | |
| YouTube Video ViewingParticipants watched the same standardized one-minute educational video on YouTube during the experimental assessment while holding their smartphone with both hands in landscape orientation at a comfortable height. | Behavioural | YouTube |
| Text MessagingParticipants repeatedly typed a standardized Polish text message on their own smartphone during the experimental assessment. The smartphone was held naturally, usually in one hand. | Behavioural | Texting |
Primary outcome
Change in Cadence
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in gait cadence between the baseline assessment and the second assessment, measured using the Zebris FDM-T instrumented treadmill.
Change in Total Double Support Time
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in total double support time between the baseline assessment and the second assessment, measured using the Zebris FDM-T instrumented treadmill.
Change in Left Step Length
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Right Step Length
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Step Width
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Left Foot Rotation
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Right Foot Rotation
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Lower-Limb Load Asymmetry Index
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Path Length
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Mean Sway
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Mean Velocity
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Sway Area
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Change in Maximum Sway
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data underlying the reported results are available in public research data repositories. Data from the treadmill gait assessment and standing posturography assessment are shared separately together with the corresponding study datasets.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Instagram Browsing, YouTube Video Viewing and Text Messaging in people with Gait Analysis in Healthy Subjects and Balance Control, run by Poznan University of Physical Education at 1 site in Poland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Poland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Cadence (time frame: Baseline and approximately 2 minutes after completion of the baseline assessment, during the same study visit). The study lists 13 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.