Breast Self-ExaminationNCT07851181
Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education in University Students
A study testing Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education in people with Breast Self-Examination, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to evaluate the effect of Health Belief Model-based breast self-examination education on the precaution adoption process among university students who have never performed breast self-examination. Participants are assigned to intervention and control groups. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Breast Self-Examination
- What is being tested?
- Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 110 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 18 Feb 2026to 20 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Female university students
- Able to understand and communicate in Turkish
- Voluntary participation in the study
- Have never performed breast self-examination (BSE)
Who cannot join
- Unable to understand or communicate in Turkish
- Unwilling to participate in the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul Atlas University
Istanbul, Istanbul, 34403
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education on the Precaution Adoption Process Among University Students
This study aims to evaluate the effect of Health Belief Model-based breast self-examination education on the precaution adoption process among university students who have never performed breast self-examination. Participants are assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group receives Health Belief Model-based education on breast health and breast self-examination, while the control group does not receive this education during the study period. The study examines whether the educational intervention promotes progression through the stages of the Precaution Adoption Process Model and influences health beliefs related to breast self-examination.
- Conditions
- Breast Self-Examination
- Being tested
- Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education
- Keywords
- Breast Self-Examination, Health Belief Model, Precaution Adoption Process Model, Health Education, Breast Health
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Self-Examination, Health Education
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination EducationBehavioural
Participants in the intervention group receive Health Belief Model-based education on breast health and breast self-examination. The educational intervention is designed to improve health beliefs related to breast self-examination and facilitate progression through the stages of the Precaution Adoption Process Model.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Health Belief Model-Based Education Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm receive Health Belief Model-based education on breast health and breast self-examination. Receives: Behavioral: Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants in this arm do not receive the Health Belief Model-based breast self-examination education during the study period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Precaution Adoption Process Model Stage for Breast Self-Examination
The Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) is used to assess participants' stage of adoption of breast self-examination (BSE) approximately one month after the intervention. PAPM stage is assessed using a single-choice staging question adapted to BSE. Participants select the statement that best describes their current status regarding BSE and are classified into one of seven stages: (1) never performed BSE, (2) aware of BSE but has not considered it personally relevant or necessary, (3) undecided about performing BSE, (4) decided not to perform BSE, (5) decided to perform BSE but has not yet started, (6) started performing BSE within the last six months but does not yet perform it regularly, or (7) regularly performs BSE, defined as at least once per month during the last six months. The outcome is reported as the number and percentage of participants in each PAPM stage, and the distribution of stages is compared between the intervention and control groups.
Measured: Approximately 1 month after the intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in Health Beliefs Related to Breast Self-Examination Assessed Using the Champion Health Belief Model Scale
Health beliefs related to breast self-examination (BSE) are assessed using Karayurt's Turkish adaptation of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale. The scale consists of 42 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and each subscale is scored separately. The subscales and possible score ranges are: susceptibility (3-15), seriousness (7-35), perceived benefits of BSE (4-20), perceived barriers to BSE (11-55), BSE self-efficacy/confidence (10-50), and health motivation (7-35). Higher scores indicate higher levels of the corresponding construct. Thus, higher susceptibility, seriousness, perceived benefits, self-efficacy/confidence, and health motivation scores indicate higher levels of these beliefs, whereas higher perceived barriers scores indicate greater perceived barriers to BSE. Changes in each subscale score from baseline to approximately one month after the intervention are compared between the intervention and control groups.
Measured: Baseline and approximately 1 month after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Oct 2026
- Study start18 Feb 2026
- Primary completion20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Breast Self-ExaminationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul University - CerrahpasaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Esma Demirezen, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07851181
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/527
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 24 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 1 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education on the Precaution Adoption Process Among University Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07851181
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025/527
- Conditions
- Breast Self-Examination
- Keywords
- Breast Self-Examination, Health Belief Model, Precaution Adoption Process Model, Health Education, Breast Health
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 1 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of Health Belief Model-based breast self-examination education on the precaution adoption process among university students who have never performed breast self-examination. Participants are assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group receives Health Belief Model-based education on breast health and breast self-examination, while the control group does not receive this education during the study period. The study examines whether the educational intervention promotes progression through the stages of the Precaution Adoption Process Model and influences health beliefs related to breast self-examination.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Health Belief Model-Based Education Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination EducationParticipants in this arm receive Health Belief Model-based education on breast health and breast self-examination. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants in this arm do not receive the Health Belief Model-based breast self-examination education during the study period. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Female university students
- Able to understand and communicate in Turkish
- Voluntary participation in the study
- Have never performed breast self-examination (BSE)
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Unable to understand or communicate in Turkish
- Unwilling to participate in the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination EducationParticipants in the intervention group receive Health Belief Model-based education on breast health and breast self-examination. The educational intervention is designed to improve health beliefs related to breast self-examination and facilitate progression through the stages of the Precaution Adoption Process Model. | Behavioural | Health Belief Model-Based Education Group |
Primary outcome
Precaution Adoption Process Model Stage for Breast Self-Examination
Time frame: Approximately 1 month after the intervention
The Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) is used to assess participants' stage of adoption of breast self-examination (BSE) approximately one month after the intervention. PAPM stage is assessed using a single-choice staging question adapted to BSE. Participants select the statement that best describes their current status regarding BSE and are classified into one of seven stages: (1) never performed BSE, (2) aware of BSE but has not considered it personally relevant or necessary, (3) undecided about performing BSE, (4) decided not to perform BSE, (5) decided to perform BSE but has not yet started, (6) started performing BSE within the last six months but does not yet perform it regularly, or (7) regularly performs BSE, defined as at least once per month during the last six months. The outcome is reported as the number and percentage of participants in each PAPM stage, and the distribution of stages is compared between the intervention and control groups.
1 secondary outcome
Change in Health Beliefs Related to Breast Self-Examination Assessed Using the Champion Health Belief Model Scale
Time frame: Baseline and approximately 1 month after the intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Breast Self-Examination
Active, not recruiting
Training On Self-Breast Examination Using Visual Breast Examination Materials For İlliterate Women.
Breast Cancer, Breast Self-Examination
RecruitingObservational study
Development of a Multidimensional Predictive Model of Dystocic Labor. Association of Physical Condition and Psychosocial Factors With the Birth Process and Breastfeeding Success.
Labor and Childbirth, Labor (Obstetrics)--Complications
Recruiting
AI-SUPPORTED FLIPPED LEARNING IN BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION TRAINING
Artifical Intelligence, Nursing Education
Not yet recruiting
A Single-Arm Interventional Trial of Pepper- Robot Delivered Cancer Education for Adults With Intellectual Disability
Cancer Awareness and Prevention Education, Breast Cancer Awareness
Not yet recruiting
BreastCancerPEP: A Six-Month Online Empowerment Program to Improve Mental and Physical Health in Women With Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Health Belief Model-Based Breast Self-Examination Education in people with Breast Self-Examination, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Precaution Adoption Process Model Stage for Breast Self-Examination (time frame: Approximately 1 month after the intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Oct 2026.