Transurethral Resection of Bladder TumorNCT07843602
Effect of Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise on CRBD, Pain, and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing TUR
A study testing Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise in people with Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), run by Mersin University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Transurethral resection (TUR) is a common minimally invasive surgical procedure for lower urinary tract diseases. However, postoperative urinary catheterization often causes catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) and pain due to bladder spasms, which negatively impact recovery and sleep quality. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor, Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), Transurethral Resection of the Bladder
- What is being tested?
- Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 76 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 5 Nov 2026to 1 Oct 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 18 years or older
- Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TUR-P) or Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TUR-M/TUR-BT)
- Having an indwelling urethral catheter placed postoperatively
- Fully conscious, oriented, and cooperative
- Able to speak and understand Turkish
- Volunteering to participate and providing written informed consent
Who cannot join
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score of IV or higher
- Presence of any medical condition or physical impairment that prevents performing breathing exercises
- Diagnosed history of sleep apnea
- Regular use of sedative, hypnotic, or sleep-inducing medications
- Neurological or psychiatric disorders severely impeding hearing, vision, or verbal communication
- Refusal to participate in the study
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Hasan Şeren contact
Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Not yet recruiting
Hatay Iskenderun State Hospital
Hatay, 31000
Hasan Şeren, +90326 615 37 50, hasanseren94@gmail.com
Hasan Şeren
- Recruiting
Iskenderun State Hospital
Hatay
hasan seren, 05076413720, hasanseren94@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort, Pain, and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Transurethral resection (TUR) is a common minimally invasive surgical procedure for lower urinary tract diseases. However, postoperative urinary catheterization often causes catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) and pain due to bladder spasms, which negatively impact recovery and sleep quality. Pharmacological agents used to alleviate CRBD and pain may cause adverse side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of cyclic sighing breathing exercises on CRBD severity, pain intensity, and sleep quality in patients undergoing TUR.
Read the detailed description
This prospective, two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted in the Urology Ward of Hatay İskenderun State Hospital. A total of 76 patients scheduled for TUR (TUR-P or TUR-B/TUR-M) will be allocated into either the intervention group (n=38) or the control group (n=38) using block randomization with sealed opaque envelopes. The intervention group will receive pre-operative training on cyclic sighing breathing exercise. Postoperatively, participants in this group will perform cyclic sighing (two deep nasal inhalations followed by prolonged oral exhalation) for 5 minutes at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours under researcher supervision (completed before 22:00 to avoid nocturnal sleep disruption). The control group will receive routine standard postoperative nursing care. CRBD severity and pain intensity will be assessed at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours. Sleep quality will be evaluated on the morning of the first postoperative day (after awakening).
- Conditions
- Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor, Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), Transurethral Resection of the Bladder
- Being tested
- Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise
- Keywords
- Sleep quality, Transurethral resection, Breathing exercises, pain, Urinary catheterization
- Medical subject headings
- Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cyclic Sighing Breathing ExerciseOther
The cyclic sighing intervention consists of structured breathing sessions taught preoperatively and supervised postoperatively. The patient assumes a comfortable supine or semi-Fowler position in bed. The exercise involves taking a slow, deep inhalation through the nose, immediately followed by a second short nasal inhalation to achieve maximum lung expansion, and then slowly and fully exhaling through the mouth, ensuring that exhalation lasts longer than inhalation. Patients perform this cycle continuously for 5 minutes at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours under researcher supervision. To protect nocturnal sleep patterns, sessions scheduled after 22:00 will be completed by 22:00.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Patients in this arm will receive preoperative training on the cyclic sighing breathing exercise technique from the researcher upon clinical admission. Following transurethral resection (TUR) surgery, participants will perform cyclic sighing breathing exercises under researcher supervision at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours. Each exercise session will last for 5 minutes and consists of taking a deep breath in through the nose, followed immediately by a second short breath to fully inflate the lungs, and then exhaling slowly and fully through the mouth. In addition to the breathing intervention, patients will receive standard postoperative clinical nursing care. Receives: Other: Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise |
| Control Group | No intervention | Patients in this arm will receive routine standard postoperative nursing care and physician-prescribed clinical treatments (such as standard continuous bladder irrigation and routine analgesic or antispasmodic medications as needed) without any structured breathing exercise education or intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort (CRBD) Severity Score
Catheter-related bladder discomfort severity is assessed using the 4-point rating scale developed by Agarwal et al. The scale classifies discomfort as: 0 = none; 1 = mild (reported by the patient only upon direct questioning); 2 = moderate (reported spontaneously by the patient without being asked, but not accompanied by behavioral responses); and 3 = severe (reported spontaneously and accompanied by behavioral manifestations such as vocal complaints, restless limb movements, or attempting to pull out the urinary catheter). Higher scores indicate greater severity of bladder discomfort.
Measured: Measured at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours
Secondary outcomes (2)
Postoperative Pain Intensity Score
Postoperative pain is assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Patients rate their perceived pain intensity on an 11-point scale from 0 to 10, where 0 represents "no pain" and 10 represents the "worst possible pain". Higher scores reflect higher pain intensity. In addition, total analgesic consumption and medication types will be recorded during the first 24 postoperative hours.
Measured: Measured at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours.
Postoperative Sleep Quality Score
Sleep quality is assessed using the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). The instrument evaluates 5 domains (sleep depth, sleep latency, awakenings, time spent awake, and overall sleep quality) using a 0-100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating superior sleep quality (scores >50 denote good sleep quality).
Measured: On the morning of postoperative day 1 (upon awakening)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Sep 2026
- Study start5 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion28 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Oct 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Transurethral Resection of Bladder TumorStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Mersin UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study is designed as a prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Eligible participants undergoing transurethral resection (TUR) will be assigned to either the experimental intervention group receiving cyclic sighing breathing exercises or the control group receiving standard postoperative nursing care. Allocation will be performed using a block randomization list created by an independent biostatistician, and allocation concealment will be ensured through sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 76 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mersin University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hasan Şeren, Mersin University
- Investigators
- Gülay Altun Uğraş, Study director, Mersin University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07843602
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HS-MU-001
- Status last verified
- Nov 2026
- First submitted
- 21 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 6 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Li C, Liu Z, Yang F. Predictors of catheter-related bladder discomfort after urological surgery. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2014 Aug;34(4):559-562. doi: 10.1007/s11596-014-1315-z. Epub 2014 Aug 19.
PubMed 25135727Markopoulos T, Katsimperis S, Lazarou L, Tzelves L, Mitsogiannis I, Papatsoris A, Skolarikos A, Varkarakis I. Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort: Insights Into Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Management. Cureus. 2025 Mar 27;17(3):e81322. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81322. eCollection 2025 Mar.
PubMed 40291191Mitobe Y, Yoshioka T, Baba Y, Yamaguchi Y, Nakagawa K, Itou T, Kurahashi K. Predictors of Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort After Surgery: A Literature Review. J Clin Med Res. 2023 Apr;15(4):208-215. doi: 10.14740/jocmr4873. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
PubMed 37187710Etezadi F, Sajedi Y, Khajavi MR, Moharari RS, Amirjamshidi A. Preemptive Effect of Intraurethral Instillation of Ketamine-lidocaine Gel on Postoperative Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort after Lumbar Spine Surgery. Asian J Neurosurg. 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):1057-1060. doi: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_314_17.
PubMed 30459867Ghorbani A, Hajizadeh F, Sheykhi MR, Mohammad Poor Asl A. The Effects of Deep-Breathing Exercises on Postoperative Sleep Duration and Quality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Caring Sci. 2018 Dec 1;8(4):219-224. doi: 10.15171/jcs.2019.031. eCollection 2019 Dec.
PubMed 31915624Hu B, Li C, Pan M, Zhong M, Cao Y, Zhang N, Yuan H, Duan H. Strategies for the prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(37):e4859. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004859.
PubMed 27631249Agarwal A, Raza M, Singhal V, Dhiraaj S, Kapoor R, Srivastava A, Gupta D, Singh PK, Pandey CK, Singh U. The efficacy of tolterodine for prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Anesth Analg. 2005 Oct;101(4):1065-1067. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000167775.46192.e9.
PubMed 16192522Balban MY, Neri E, Kogon MM, Weed L, Nouriani B, Jo B, Holl G, Zeitzer JM, Spiegel D, Huberman AD. Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal. Cell Rep Med. 2023 Jan 17;4(1):100895. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100895. Epub 2023 Jan 10.
PubMed 36630953
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort, Pain, and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07843602
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HS-MU-001
- Conditions
- Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor, Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), Transurethral Resection of the Bladder
- Keywords
- Sleep quality, Transurethral resection, Breathing exercises, pain, Urinary catheterization
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 76 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Mersin UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 28 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 28 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Transurethral resection (TUR) is a common minimally invasive surgical procedure for lower urinary tract diseases. However, postoperative urinary catheterization often causes catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) and pain due to bladder spasms, which negatively impact recovery and sleep quality. Pharmacological agents used to alleviate CRBD and pain may cause adverse side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of cyclic sighing breathing exercises on CRBD severity, pain intensity, and sleep quality in patients undergoing TUR.
Detailed description
This prospective, two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted in the Urology Ward of Hatay İskenderun State Hospital. A total of 76 patients scheduled for TUR (TUR-P or TUR-B/TUR-M) will be allocated into either the intervention group (n=38) or the control group (n=38) using block randomization with sealed opaque envelopes. The intervention group will receive pre-operative training on cyclic sighing breathing exercise. Postoperatively, participants in this group will perform cyclic sighing (two deep nasal inhalations followed by prolonged oral exhalation) for 5 minutes at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours under researcher supervision (completed before 22:00 to avoid nocturnal sleep disruption). The control group will receive routine standard postoperative nursing care. CRBD severity and pain intensity will be assessed at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours. Sleep quality will be evaluated on the morning of the first postoperative day (after awakening).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study is designed as a prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Eligible participants undergoing transurethral resection (TUR) will be assigned to either the experimental intervention group receiving cyclic sighing breathing exercises or the control group receiving standard postoperative nursing care. Allocation will be performed using a block randomization list created by an independent biostatistician, and allocation concealment will be ensured through sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Other: Cyclic Sighing Breathing ExercisePatients in this arm will receive preoperative training on the cyclic sighing breathing exercise technique from the researcher upon clinical admission. Following transurethral resection (TUR) surgery, participants will perform cyclic sighing breathing exercises under researcher supervision at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours. Each exercise session will last for 5 minutes and consists of taking a deep breath in through the nose, followed immediately by a second short breath to fully inflate the lungs, and then exhaling slowly and fully through the mouth. In addition to the breathing intervention, patients will receive standard postoperative clinical nursing care. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Patients in this arm will receive routine standard postoperative nursing care and physician-prescribed clinical treatments (such as standard continuous bladder irrigation and routine analgesic or antispasmodic medications as needed) without any structured breathing exercise education or intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Aged 18 years or older
- Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TUR-P) or Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TUR-M/TUR-BT)
- Having an indwelling urethral catheter placed postoperatively
- Fully conscious, oriented, and cooperative
- Able to speak and understand Turkish
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score of IV or higher
- Presence of any medical condition or physical impairment that prevents performing breathing exercises
- Diagnosed history of sleep apnea
- Regular use of sedative, hypnotic, or sleep-inducing medications
- Neurological or psychiatric disorders severely impeding hearing, vision, or verbal communication
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclic Sighing Breathing ExerciseThe cyclic sighing intervention consists of structured breathing sessions taught preoperatively and supervised postoperatively. The patient assumes a comfortable supine or semi-Fowler position in bed. The exercise involves taking a slow, deep inhalation through the nose, immediately followed by a second short nasal inhalation to achieve maximum lung expansion, and then slowly and fully exhaling through the mouth, ensuring that exhalation lasts longer than inhalation. Patients perform this cycle continuously for 5 minutes at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours under researcher supervision. To protect nocturnal sleep patterns, sessions scheduled after 22:00 will be completed by 22:00. | Other | Experimental group |
Primary outcome
Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort (CRBD) Severity Score
Time frame: Measured at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours
Catheter-related bladder discomfort severity is assessed using the 4-point rating scale developed by Agarwal et al. The scale classifies discomfort as: 0 = none; 1 = mild (reported by the patient only upon direct questioning); 2 = moderate (reported spontaneously by the patient without being asked, but not accompanied by behavioral responses); and 3 = severe (reported spontaneously and accompanied by behavioral manifestations such as vocal complaints, restless limb movements, or attempting to pull out the urinary catheter). Higher scores indicate greater severity of bladder discomfort.
2 secondary outcomes
Postoperative Pain Intensity Score
Time frame: Measured at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours.
Postoperative Sleep Quality Score
Time frame: On the morning of postoperative day 1 (upon awakening)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Nov 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 25135727Li C, Liu Z, Yang F. Predictors of catheter-related bladder discomfort after urological surgery. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2014 Aug;34(4):559-562. doi: 10.1007/s11596-014-1315-z. Epub 2014 Aug 19.
- Results publication: PubMed 40291191Markopoulos T, Katsimperis S, Lazarou L, Tzelves L, Mitsogiannis I, Papatsoris A, Skolarikos A, Varkarakis I. Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort: Insights Into Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Management. Cureus. 2025 Mar 27;17(3):e81322. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81322. eCollection 2025 Mar.
- Results publication: PubMed 37187710Mitobe Y, Yoshioka T, Baba Y, Yamaguchi Y, Nakagawa K, Itou T, Kurahashi K. Predictors of Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort After Surgery: A Literature Review. J Clin Med Res. 2023 Apr;15(4):208-215. doi: 10.14740/jocmr4873. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 30459867Etezadi F, Sajedi Y, Khajavi MR, Moharari RS, Amirjamshidi A. Preemptive Effect of Intraurethral Instillation of Ketamine-lidocaine Gel on Postoperative Catheter-related Bladder Discomfort after Lumbar Spine Surgery. Asian J Neurosurg. 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):1057-1060. doi: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_314_17.
- Results publication: PubMed 31915624Ghorbani A, Hajizadeh F, Sheykhi MR, Mohammad Poor Asl A. The Effects of Deep-Breathing Exercises on Postoperative Sleep Duration and Quality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Caring Sci. 2018 Dec 1;8(4):219-224. doi: 10.15171/jcs.2019.031. eCollection 2019 Dec.
- Results publication: PubMed 27631249Hu B, Li C, Pan M, Zhong M, Cao Y, Zhang N, Yuan H, Duan H. Strategies for the prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(37):e4859. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004859.
- Results publication: PubMed 16192522Agarwal A, Raza M, Singhal V, Dhiraaj S, Kapoor R, Srivastava A, Gupta D, Singh PK, Pandey CK, Singh U. The efficacy of tolterodine for prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Anesth Analg. 2005 Oct;101(4):1065-1067. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000167775.46192.e9.
- Results publication: PubMed 36630953Balban MY, Neri E, Kogon MM, Weed L, Nouriani B, Jo B, Holl G, Zeitzer JM, Spiegel D, Huberman AD. Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal. Cell Rep Med. 2023 Jan 17;4(1):100895. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100895. Epub 2023 Jan 10.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Hasan Şeren contact
Gülay Altun Uğraş study director
Mersin University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Cyclic Sighing Breathing Exercise in people with Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), run by Mersin University at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Hasan Şeren (+903266153750 ext. 1237, hasanseren94@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort (CRBD) Severity Score (time frame: Measured at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07843602, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Nov 2026.