Isokinetic TestNCT07810387
Sex Differences in Knee Strength and Speed in Male and Female Football Players
An observational study of Isokinetic Test and Force-velocity Profile, run by Haute Ecole ARC Sante at 1 site in France.
Trial summary
Force-velocity (F-V) profiling is increasingly used to describe the mechanical capacities of the knee extensors and knee flexors in football, but almost all available reference data come from male players. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Isokinetic Test, Force-velocity Profile, Soccer Performance
- What is being tested?
- Isokinetic test
- How many people
- 37 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFrance
- Study dates
- 30 Jun 2025to 31 Aug 2025
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: male and female football players, Players were recruited from regional football clubs competing at national level
Who may be able to join
- male or female football players aged 18-35 years;
- participation in competitive football for at least three consecutive years;
- a minimum of three weekly training sessions;
- no current pain or injury of the lower limbs;
- no history of knee or hip surgery;
- ability to perform maximal voluntary contractions during isokinetic testing;
- an adequate physical activity level (Tegner ≥ 7; Marx ≥ 12).
Who cannot join
- any medical condition limiting the test or any injury/surgery of the lower limb from the last 2 years
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Sex-Based Differences in Isokinetic Force-Velocity Profiles of the Knee Extensors and Flexors in Male and Female Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study
Force-velocity (F-V) profiling is increasingly used to describe the mechanical capacities of the knee extensors and knee flexors in football, but almost all available reference data come from male players. It is not established whether male and female players differ in the parameters of the isokinetic force-velocity relationship, or whether any such differences persist once differences in body size are accounted for.
This single-centre, cross-sectional observational study compared the isokinetic force-velocity profiles of the knee extensors and knee flexors between male and female competitive football players. Eligible participants were competitive players aged 18 to 35 years, training at least three times per week, free of current lower limb pain or injury and with no history of knee or hip surgery. During a single testing session, participants performed bilateral concentric isokinetic knee extension and flexion at five angular velocities (30, 60, 180, 240 and 300 degrees per second) on an isokinetic dynamometer, after a standardised warm-up, individual gravity correction and a familiarisation session.
Read more
For each participant, limb and muscle group, peak torque was regressed against angular velocity to fit an individual linear torque-angular velocity relationship. The following parameters were derived: theoretical maximal torque (F0), theoretical maximal angular velocity (V0), the slope of the relationship, maximal theoretical power (Pmax), and torque and power at the extremes of the tested velocity range. The participant, defined as the mean of both limbs, was the unit of analysis.
Male and female players were compared in absolute terms and after adjustment for body size, using ratio scaling to body mass, log-log allometric models and analysis of covariance with body mass and age as covariates. Secondary comparisons included the conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, inter-limb asymmetry and the orientation of the profile (F0/V0 ratio).
The purpose of the study is to determine which sex differences in isokinetic force-velocity parameters are explained by body size and which persist after adjustment, in order to establish whether reference values obtained in male players can legitimately be applied to female players.
- Being tested
- Isokinetic test
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Isokinetic testDiagnostic test
The expected results should improve the objective characterisation of residual deficits, inform the selection and prioritisation of the tests used in return-to-sport assessments, and contribute to evidence-based rehabilitation practice. The project thereby contributes to improving quality of care and to generating knowledge that is useful to the health professionals managing this population. No procedure is added to routine care, and the care pathway is not modified.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Male football players | Not described Receives: Diagnostic Test: Isokinetic test | |
| Female football players | Not described Receives: Diagnostic Test: Isokinetic test |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Isokinetic force-velocity profile of the knee extensors and knee flexors
Force-velocity profile of the knee extensors and knee flexors derived from isokinetic dynamometry, compared between male and female competitive football players. [ e.g. theoretical maximal force F0, theoretical maximal velocity V0, and the slope of the force-velocity relationship, with units.]
Measured: Day 1(single isokinetic testing session)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Sep 2026
- Study start30 Jun 2025
- Primary completion31 Aug 2025
- Study completion31 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Isokinetic TestStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 37 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Haute Ecole ARC Sante
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Forelli Florian, Haute Ecole ARC Sante
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07810387
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HEARCSante
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 9 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Alcazar J, Csapo R, Ara I, Alegre LM. On the Shape of the Force-Velocity Relationship in Skeletal Muscles: The Linear, the Hyperbolic, and the Double-Hyperbolic. Front Physiol. 2019 Jun 19;10:769. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00769. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31275173Lopez-Valenciano A, Raya-Gonzalez J, Garcia-Gomez JA, Aparicio-Sarmiento A, Sainz de Baranda P, De Ste Croix M, Ayala F. Injury Profile in Women's Football: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2021 Mar;51(3):423-442. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01401-w. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
PubMed 33433863Morin JB, Samozino P. Interpreting Power-Force-Velocity Profiles for Individualized and Specific Training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016 Mar;11(2):267-72. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
PubMed 26694658Costello JT, Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM. Where are all the female participants in Sports and Exercise Medicine research? Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(8):847-51. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.911354. Epub 2014 Apr 25.
PubMed 24766579Emmonds S, Heyward O, Jones B. The Challenge of Applying and Undertaking Research in Female Sport. Sports Med Open. 2019 Dec 12;5(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s40798-019-0224-x.
PubMed 31832880
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Sex-Based Differences in Isokinetic Force-Velocity Profiles of the Knee Extensors and Flexors in Male and Female Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07810387
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HEARCSante
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 37 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Haute Ecole ARC SanteUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Force-velocity (F-V) profiling is increasingly used to describe the mechanical capacities of the knee extensors and knee flexors in football, but almost all available reference data come from male players. It is not established whether male and female players differ in the parameters of the isokinetic force-velocity relationship, or whether any such differences persist once differences in body size are accounted for.
This single-centre, cross-sectional observational study compared the isokinetic force-velocity profiles of the knee extensors and knee flexors between male and female competitive football players. Eligible participants were competitive players aged 18 to 35 years, training at least three times per week, free of current lower limb pain or injury and with no history of knee or hip surgery. During a single testing session, participants performed bilateral concentric isokinetic knee extension and flexion at five angular velocities (30, 60, 180, 240 and 300 degrees per second) on an isokinetic dynamometer, after a standardised warm-up, individual gravity correction and a familiarisation session.
For each participant, limb and muscle group, peak torque was regressed against angular velocity to fit an individual linear torque-angular velocity relationship. The following parameters were derived: theoretical maximal torque (F0), theoretical maximal angular velocity (V0), the slope of the relationship, maximal theoretical power (Pmax), and torque and power at the extremes of the tested velocity range. The participant, defined as the mean of both limbs, was the unit of analysis.
Male and female players were compared in absolute terms and after adjustment for body size, using ratio scaling to body mass, log-log allometric models and analysis of covariance with body mass and age as covariates. Secondary comparisons included the conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, inter-limb asymmetry and the orientation of the profile (F0/V0 ratio).
The purpose of the study is to determine which sex differences in isokinetic force-velocity parameters are explained by body size and which persist after adjustment, in order to establish whether reference values obtained in male players can legitimately be applied to female players.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Male football players | – | Diagnostic Test: Isokinetic test |
| Female football players | – | Diagnostic Test: Isokinetic test |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- male and female football players, Players were recruited from regional football clubs competing at national level
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- male or female football players aged 18-35 years;
- participation in competitive football for at least three consecutive years;
- a minimum of three weekly training sessions;
- no current pain or injury of the lower limbs;
- no history of knee or hip surgery;
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- any medical condition limiting the test or any injury/surgery of the lower limb from the last 2 years
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Isokinetic testThe expected results should improve the objective characterisation of residual deficits, inform the selection and prioritisation of the tests used in return-to-sport assessments, and contribute to evidence-based rehabilitation practice. The project thereby contributes to improving quality of care and to generating knowledge that is useful to the health professionals managing this population. No procedure is added to routine care, and the care pathway is not modified. | Diagnostic test | Female football players, Male football players |
Primary outcome
Isokinetic force-velocity profile of the knee extensors and knee flexors
Time frame: Day 1(single isokinetic testing session)
Force-velocity profile of the knee extensors and knee flexors derived from isokinetic dynamometry, compared between male and female competitive football players. [ e.g. theoretical maximal force F0, theoretical maximal velocity V0, and the slope of the force-velocity relationship, with units.]
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Sep 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 31275173Alcazar J, Csapo R, Ara I, Alegre LM. On the Shape of the Force-Velocity Relationship in Skeletal Muscles: The Linear, the Hyperbolic, and the Double-Hyperbolic. Front Physiol. 2019 Jun 19;10:769. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00769. eCollection 2019.
- Results publication: PubMed 33433863Lopez-Valenciano A, Raya-Gonzalez J, Garcia-Gomez JA, Aparicio-Sarmiento A, Sainz de Baranda P, De Ste Croix M, Ayala F. Injury Profile in Women's Football: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2021 Mar;51(3):423-442. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01401-w. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
- Results publication: PubMed 26694658Morin JB, Samozino P. Interpreting Power-Force-Velocity Profiles for Individualized and Specific Training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016 Mar;11(2):267-72. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
- Results publication: PubMed 24766579Costello JT, Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM. Where are all the female participants in Sports and Exercise Medicine research? Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(8):847-51. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.911354. Epub 2014 Apr 25.
- Results publication: PubMed 31832880Emmonds S, Heyward O, Jones B. The Challenge of Applying and Undertaking Research in Female Sport. Sports Med Open. 2019 Dec 12;5(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s40798-019-0224-x.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Isokinetic Test and Force-velocity Profile, run by Haute Ecole ARC Sante at 1 site in France.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Isokinetic force-velocity profile of the knee extensors and knee flexors (time frame: Day 1(single isokinetic testing session)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07810387, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Sep 2026.