Sickle Cell Nephropathysickle nephroNCT07785752
Clinical Utility of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and Diffusion-Weighted Renal MRI for the Early Detection of Sickle Cell Nephropathy in Children
An observational study of Sickle Cell Nephropathy, run by Assiut University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) Biomarkers for detection of early onset of Sickle Cell Nephropathy in children under HU therapy Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 4 to 18 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sickle Cell Nephropathy
- What is being tested?
- Hydroxy Urea
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2026to 1 Dec 2027
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Year
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 4 to 18 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Study population: The study population will include children with confirmed sickle cell disease attending the Hematology Unit, Assiut University Children's Hospital, during the study period.
Who may be able to join
- • Children and adolescents aged less than 18 years.
- Confirmed diagnosis of sickle cell disease by hemoglobin electrophoresis and/or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- Clinically stable patients at the time of enrollment, with no acute vaso-occlusive crisis or acute illness.
Who cannot join
- • Age ≥18 years.
- Acute sickle cell crisis at least 3 week prior to sample collection
- Acute infection or fever.
- Known chronic kidney disease due to causes other than sickle cell disease.
- Congenital renal anomalies.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Hypertension.
- Current use of nephrotoxic medications.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) Biomarkers for detection of early onset of Sickle Cell Nephropathy in children under HU therapy
Read the detailed description
Sickle cell disease was the first condition to be understood as a molecular disease, as described by Pauling and colleagues in 1949, and later helped to elucidate principles of gene expression, haemoglobin switching, and globin gene regulation.
Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell (RBC) disorders caused by pathogenic variants in the HBB gene, resulting in the production of sickle haemoglobin S (HbS). Individuals with one copy of the mutation have sickle cell trait a condition that confers partial protection against severe malaria while those with pathogenic variants on both alleles develop the clinical syndrome of sickle cell disease.
The defining pathophysiological mechanism of sickle cell disease is the polymerization of deoxygenated HbS, leading to red cell sickling, haemolysis, and vaso-occlusion accompanied by a cascade of complex pathophysiological events. This cascade drives the multisystem complications of the disease, including acute painful crisis, acute chest syndrome, stroke and cognitive impairment, and progressive organ damage.
Sickle nephropathy often begins in childhood with impaired urine concentrating ability and glomerular hyperfiltration, eventually progressing to albuminuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate, and end-stage renal disease.
Up to one-third of adults with sickle cell disease develop overt proteinuria or decreased glomerular filtration rate, and kidney dysfunction is independently associated with early mortality. Hydroxyurea and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors remain first-line therapies for reducing albuminuria and slowing progression.
Early onset SCN is a progressive kidney complication in SCD driven by chronic RBC sickling, vascular occlusion and hemolysis, typically begins in early childhood with hyperfiltration, hyposthenuria, and microalbuminuria.
Enuresis is another frequent complication that affects quality of life. Genetic modifiers, such as high fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels and α-thalassemia trait have a protective effect on nephropathy, possibly by reduced hemolysis and endothelial stress.
Renal damage is common in children patients with SCD, which begins in childhood, progressing with age, a fact that makes nephropathy one of the possible complications. This can compromise patients' quality of life and decrease survival.
Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is a severe complication of SCA, characterized by early, often asymptomatic onset in childhood and a potential progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) . SCN presents a significant challenge in the clinical management of patients with sickle cell anemia, contributing to a reduction in life expectancy by approximately 20 to 30 years. The clinical progression of SCN is age-dependent, with renal dysfunction typically emerging during childhood and gradually advancing to chronic kidney disease and, ultimately, kidney failure by the third or fourth decade of life.
Classical biomarkers such as creatinine, are not able to detect early renal lesions, which makes kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) possible biomarker candidates in the prediction of renal disease in sickle cell anemia patients.
Despite advancements in treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD), hydroxyurea, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, remains the cornerstone of therapy. While its primary effect is the elevation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), hydroxyurea's mechanisms of action are multifaceted. Hydroxyurea (HU) reduces leukocyte and platelet counts, decreases the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules CD36 and CD49d, and increases nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotide levels, which may facilitate vascular dilation and further HbF induction.
- Conditions
- Sickle Cell Nephropathy
- Being tested
- Hydroxy Urea
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Hydroxy UreaDrug
- Assessment of the diagnostic performance of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) for early detection of early onset of sickle cell nephropathy in children with sickle cell disease on regular hydroxyurea
- Assessment of renal diffusion MRI parameters (DWI/DTI), particularly fractional anisotropy (FA), in children with sickle cell disease.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group I (SCD patients on regular hydroxyurea therapy) | Children with confirmed sickle cell disease receive hydroxyurea regularly, regardless of the presence or absence of early renal involvement. Receives: Drug: Hydroxy Urea | |
| Group II (SCD patients on irregular hydroxyurea therapy) | Children with confirmed sickle cell disease receiving hydroxyurea irregularly or demonstrating poor adherence to treatment, regardless of the presence or absence of early renal involvement. Receives: Drug: Hydroxy Urea | |
| Apparently healthy age- and sex-matched children with no history of sickle cell disease | Apparently healthy age- and sex-matched children with no history of sickle cell disease, renal disease, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
To assess differences in kidney function and early renal injury between the study groups using urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these measures for the early detect
To assess differences in kidney function and early renal injury between the study groups using urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these measures for the early detection of sickle cell nephropathy and assessment of renal diffusion MRI parameters (DWI/DTI), particularly fractional anisotropy (FA), in children with sickle cell disease.
Measured: 1 year
Secondary outcomes (1)
Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of urinary NAG and KIM-1 using ROC curve analysis and Correlation between renal DWI/DTI findings and urinary NAG, KIM-1, ACR, and eGFR.
- Correlation of urinary NAG and KIM-1 levels with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
- Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of urinary NAG and KIM-1 using ROC curve analysis.
- Determination of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of the studied biomarkers.
- Assessment of renal diffusion MRI parameters (DWI/DTI), particularly fractional anisotropy (FA), in children with sickle cell disease.
- Correlation between renal DWI/DTI findings and urinary NAG, KIM-1, ACR, and eGFR.
- Evaluation of the ability of DWI/DTI to detect early renal microstructural changes before overt impairment of renal function.
Measured: 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Dec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sickle Cell NephropathyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Assiut UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
- Target duration
- 1 Year
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Endy Mohammed Rashad Mahmoud, Assiut University
- Investigators
- Endy MR Mahmoud, assistant lecturer, Principal investigator, Assiut University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07785752
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- renal biomarkers in sickle
- Acronym
- sickle nephro
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 20 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 25 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
[1] R. E. Ware, M. de Montalembert, L. Tshilolo, and M. R. Abboud, "Sickle cell disease," The Lancet, vol. 390, no. 10091, pp. 311-323, 2017. [2] F. B. Piel, M. H. Steinberg, and D. C. Rees, "Sickle cell disease," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 376, no. 16, pp. 1561-1573, 2017. [3] R. Colombatti, W. Jastaniah, J. Makani, and B. Andemariam, "Sickle cell disease," The Lancet, vol. 407, no. 10533, pp. 1095-1111, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02278-0. [4] K. I. Ataga, S. L. Saraf, and V. K. Derebail, "The nephropathy of sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease," Nat. Rev. Nephrol., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 361-377, 2022. [5] B. P. D. Inusa et al., "Sickle Cell Nephropathy: Current Understanding of the Presentation, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges," Hematology - Latest Research and Clinical Advances, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76588. [6] R. P. Brandsen et al., "The role of red blood cell characteristics and viscosity in sickle cell retinopathy and maculopathy," Br. J. Haematol., vol. 206, no. 6, pp. 1796-1805, 2025. [7] F. Neto, M. Santos, E. Adôrno, J. Ferreira, M. Gonçalves, and C. Barbosa, "EARLY URINARY BIOMARKERS OF RENAL DAMAGE IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS," Hematol. Transfus. Cell Ther., vol. 46, p. S72, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.HTCT.2024.09.120. [8] A. Busari, S. Jolayemi, M. Ahmad, R. P.-A. MEDICA, and undefined 2026, "Assessment of Urine Kidney Injury Molecule-1 as an Early Biomarker for Nephropathy in Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients," karolinum.czAO Busari, SL Jolayemi, MB Ahmad, RT PerdomoACTA MEDICA, 2026•karolinum.cz, 2025, doi: 10.14712/18059694.2025.27. [9] M. López Rubio and M. Argüello Marina, "The Current Role of Hydroxyurea in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia," Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024, Vol. 13, vol. 13, no. 21, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3390/JCM13216404. [10] G. J. Schwartz et al., "New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD," Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 629-637, 2009, doi:
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Clinical Utility of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and Diffusion-Weighted Renal MRI for the Early Detection of Sickle Cell Nephropathy in Children
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07785752
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- sickle nephro / renal biomarkers in sickle
- Conditions
- Sickle Cell Nephropathy
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Assiut UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) Biomarkers for detection of early onset of Sickle Cell Nephropathy in children under HU therapy
Detailed description
Sickle cell disease was the first condition to be understood as a molecular disease, as described by Pauling and colleagues in 1949, and later helped to elucidate principles of gene expression, haemoglobin switching, and globin gene regulation.
Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell (RBC) disorders caused by pathogenic variants in the HBB gene, resulting in the production of sickle haemoglobin S (HbS). Individuals with one copy of the mutation have sickle cell trait a condition that confers partial protection against severe malaria while those with pathogenic variants on both alleles develop the clinical syndrome of sickle cell disease.
The defining pathophysiological mechanism of sickle cell disease is the polymerization of deoxygenated HbS, leading to red cell sickling, haemolysis, and vaso-occlusion accompanied by a cascade of complex pathophysiological events. This cascade drives the multisystem complications of the disease, including acute painful crisis, acute chest syndrome, stroke and cognitive impairment, and progressive organ damage.
Sickle nephropathy often begins in childhood with impaired urine concentrating ability and glomerular hyperfiltration, eventually progressing to albuminuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate, and end-stage renal disease.
Up to one-third of adults with sickle cell disease develop overt proteinuria or decreased glomerular filtration rate, and kidney dysfunction is independently associated with early mortality. Hydroxyurea and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors remain first-line therapies for reducing albuminuria and slowing progression.
Early onset SCN is a progressive kidney complication in SCD driven by chronic RBC sickling, vascular occlusion and hemolysis, typically begins in early childhood with hyperfiltration, hyposthenuria, and microalbuminuria.
Enuresis is another frequent complication that affects quality of life. Genetic modifiers, such as high fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels and α-thalassemia trait have a protective effect on nephropathy, possibly by reduced hemolysis and endothelial stress.
Renal damage is common in children patients with SCD, which begins in childhood, progressing with age, a fact that makes nephropathy one of the possible complications. This can compromise patients' quality of life and decrease survival.
Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is a severe complication of SCA, characterized by early, often asymptomatic onset in childhood and a potential progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) . SCN presents a significant challenge in the clinical management of patients with sickle cell anemia, contributing to a reduction in life expectancy by approximately 20 to 30 years. The clinical progression of SCN is age-dependent, with renal dysfunction typically emerging during childhood and gradually advancing to chronic kidney disease and, ultimately, kidney failure by the third or fourth decade of life.
Classical biomarkers such as creatinine, are not able to detect early renal lesions, which makes kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) possible biomarker candidates in the prediction of renal disease in sickle cell anemia patients.
Despite advancements in treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD), hydroxyurea, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, remains the cornerstone of therapy. While its primary effect is the elevation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), hydroxyurea's mechanisms of action are multifaceted. Hydroxyurea (HU) reduces leukocyte and platelet counts, decreases the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules CD36 and CD49d, and increases nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotide levels, which may facilitate vascular dilation and further HbF induction.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 1 Year
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group I (SCD patients on regular hydroxyurea therapy) | – | Drug: Hydroxy UreaChildren with confirmed sickle cell disease receive hydroxyurea regularly, regardless of the presence or absence of early renal involvement. |
| Group II (SCD patients on irregular hydroxyurea therapy) | – | Drug: Hydroxy UreaChildren with confirmed sickle cell disease receiving hydroxyurea irregularly or demonstrating poor adherence to treatment, regardless of the presence or absence of early renal involvement. |
| Apparently healthy age- and sex-matched children with no history of sickle cell disease | – | –Apparently healthy age- and sex-matched children with no history of sickle cell disease, renal disease, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 4 to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- The study population will include children with confirmed sickle cell disease attending the Hematology Unit, Assiut University Children's Hospital, during the study period.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- • Children and adolescents aged less than 18 years.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- • Age ≥18 years.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Hydroxy Urea* Assessment of the diagnostic performance of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) for early detection of early onset of sickle cell nephropathy in children with sickle cell disease on regular hydroxyurea * Assessment of renal diffusion MRI parameters (DWI/DTI), particularly fractional anisotropy (FA), in children with sickle cell disease. | Drug | Group I (SCD patients on regular hydroxyurea therapy), Group II (SCD patients on irregular hydroxyurea therapy) |
Primary outcome
To assess differences in kidney function and early renal injury between the study groups using urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these measures for the early detect
Time frame: 1 year
To assess differences in kidney function and early renal injury between the study groups using urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these measures for the early detection of sickle cell nephropathy and assessment of renal diffusion MRI parameters (DWI/DTI), particularly fractional anisotropy (FA), in children with sickle cell disease.
1 secondary outcome
Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of urinary NAG and KIM-1 using ROC curve analysis and Correlation between renal DWI/DTI findings and urinary NAG, KIM-1, ACR, and eGFR.
Time frame: 1 year
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Aug 2026.
- Results publication[1] R. E. Ware, M. de Montalembert, L. Tshilolo, and M. R. Abboud, "Sickle cell disease," The Lancet, vol. 390, no. 10091, pp. 311-323, 2017. [2] F. B. Piel, M. H. Steinberg, and D. C. Rees, "Sickle cell disease," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 376, no. 16, pp. 1561-1573, 2017. [3] R. Colombatti, W. Jastaniah, J. Makani, and B. Andemariam, "Sickle cell disease," The Lancet, vol. 407, no. 10533, pp. 1095-1111, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02278-0. [4] K. I. Ataga, S. L. Saraf, and V. K. Derebail, "The nephropathy of sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease," Nat. Rev. Nephrol., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 361-377, 2022. [5] B. P. D. Inusa et al., "Sickle Cell Nephropathy: Current Understanding of the Presentation, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges," Hematology - Latest Research and Clinical Advances, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76588. [6] R. P. Brandsen et al., "The role of red blood cell characteristics and viscosity in sickle cell retinopathy and maculopathy," Br. J. Haematol., vol. 206, no. 6, pp. 1796-1805, 2025. [7] F. Neto, M. Santos, E. Adôrno, J. Ferreira, M. Gonçalves, and C. Barbosa, "EARLY URINARY BIOMARKERS OF RENAL DAMAGE IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS," Hematol. Transfus. Cell Ther., vol. 46, p. S72, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.HTCT.2024.09.120. [8] A. Busari, S. Jolayemi, M. Ahmad, R. P.-A. MEDICA, and undefined 2026, "Assessment of Urine Kidney Injury Molecule-1 as an Early Biomarker for Nephropathy in Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients," karolinum.czAO Busari, SL Jolayemi, MB Ahmad, RT PerdomoACTA MEDICA, 2026•karolinum.cz, 2025, doi: 10.14712/18059694.2025.27. [9] M. López Rubio and M. Argüello Marina, "The Current Role of Hydroxyurea in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia," Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024, Vol. 13, vol. 13, no. 21, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3390/JCM13216404. [10] G. J. Schwartz et al., "New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD," Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 629-637, 2009, doi:
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Endy MR Mahmoud, assistant lecturer principal investigator
Assiut University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Sickle Cell Nephropathy, run by Assiut University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Endy MR Endy Mohammed Rashad, assistant lecturer (01064463176, endyrashad@aun.edu.eg), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
To assess differences in kidney function and early renal injury between the study groups using urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these measures for the early detect (time frame: 1 year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07785752, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Aug 2026.