MindfulnessNCT07775651
Effect of Mindfulness Induction on Taekwondo-Specific Performance and Autonomic Recovery
A study testing Mindfulness induction in people with Mindfulness, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This randomized, counterbalanced crossover study investigated whether a mindfulness induction could improve kicking performance and facilitate psychophysiological recovery following fatigue manipulation in taekwondo athletes. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mindfulness
- What is being tested?
- Mindfulness induction
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 53 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2024to 31 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Be at least 18 years of age.
- Have at least 4 years of taekwondo training experience.
- Have normal or corrected-to-normal vision.
- Be a Chinese speaker.
- Not be engaged in any weight-loss program.
- Be free from injury at the time of participation.
- Provide written informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Have regularly practiced mindfulness meditation within the past year.
- Be currently participating in another clinical trial.
- Be at high risk for performing physical performance tasks (i.e., a score greater than 0 on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire [PAR-Q]).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Mindfulness Induction on Taekwondo-Specific Performance and Autonomic Recovery Following Fatigue Manipulation: A Randomised Crossover Trial
This randomized, counterbalanced crossover study investigated whether a mindfulness induction could improve kicking performance and facilitate psychophysiological recovery following fatigue manipulation in taekwondo athletes. After completing a cognitively demanding task and a simulated taekwondo match, participants underwent either a 15-min mindfulness induction or a control condition before performing taekwondo-specific kicking tests. Kicking performance and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed as the primary outcomes, while perceived exertion, blood lactate, mental fatigue, and state mindfulness were evaluated as secondary outcomes. The findings will provide insight into the potential of mindfulness induction as a practical between-match recovery strategy for enhancing both physiological and psychological recovery in taekwondo athletes.
- Conditions
- Mindfulness
- Being tested
- Mindfulness induction
- Keywords
- Mindfulness, Fatigue, Taekwondo, Heart rate variability
- Medical subject headings
- Fatigue
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mindfulness inductionOther
Participants in the mindfulness condition underwent a 15-min mindfulness induction comprising mindful breathing and body scan exercises. Participants were instructed to sit comfortably in a chair, close their eyes, and listen to a prerecorded mindfulness audio recording through headphones. They were asked to follow the instructions attentively throughout the induction, focusing on their breathing and bodily sensations with an attitude of nonjudgment.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness Condition | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Mindfulness induction |
| Control Condtion | No intervention | Not described |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Kicking performance
The Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT) was used to assess kicking performance at baseline and post-intervention. Two versions were administered: the 10-s Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT10) and the multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKTmult)
Measured: From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Frequency Speed of Kick Test, up to 10 minutes
Heart rate variability
Heart rate variability was assessed using a portable heart rate monitor (Polar H10) at baseline, post-fatigue manipulation, and post-intervention.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of the second session (approximately 1 week). HRV was assessed for 5 min at baseline, post-fatigue manipulation, and post-intervention.
Secondary outcomes (4)
Mental fatigue
The 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) will be utilized to assess the change in perceived mental fatigue (VAS-MF) at baseline, post-fatigue manipulation, and post-intervention. VAS-MF is scaled from 0 (not at all mentally fatigued) to 100 (extremely mentally fatigued), and participant will be asked to mark their perception of mental fatigue on the 100-mm line (i.e., 0 = "not at all mentally fatigued" to "100 = extremely mentally fatigued").
Measured: From enrollment to completion of the second experimental session (approximately 1 week), with assessments conducted at baseline, immediately after fatigue manipulation, and immediately after the 15-min intervention.
Blood lactate
Blood lactate (LA) was measured by an edge blood lactate monitoring system (ApexBio Inc., Taipei City, Taiwan).
Measured: From enrollment to completion of the second experimental session (approximately 1 week), with assessments conducted at baseline, immediately after fatigue manipulation, and immediately after the 15-min intervention.
State mindfulness
State mindfulness was assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention using the Athlete Mindfulness Questionnaire (AMQ). The AMQ consists of 16 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale, yielding a total score ranging from 16 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater state mindfulness.
Measured: From enrollment to completion of the second experimental session (approximately 1 week), with assessments conducted at baseline and immediately after the 15-min intervention.
Rating of perceived exertion
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated using the Borg's CR10 scale (Borg, 1998) to ascertain the extent of participant's perceived exertion immediately after FSKT10 and FSKTmult and each round of simulated match.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of the second session (approximately 1 week). Measured immediately after the FSKT and during the simulated taekwondo match.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Aug 2024
- Primary completion31 Jul 2026
- Study completion31 Jul 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for MindfulnessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 53 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Taipei
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Jui-Ti_Nien, University of Taipei
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07775651
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202311HM007
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Mindfulness Induction on Taekwondo-Specific Performance and Autonomic Recovery Following Fatigue Manipulation: A Randomised Crossover Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07775651
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202311HM007
- Conditions
- Mindfulness
- Keywords
- Mindfulness, Fatigue, Taekwondo, Heart rate variability
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 53 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan Normal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Taipei
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized, counterbalanced crossover study investigated whether a mindfulness induction could improve kicking performance and facilitate psychophysiological recovery following fatigue manipulation in taekwondo athletes. After completing a cognitively demanding task and a simulated taekwondo match, participants underwent either a 15-min mindfulness induction or a control condition before performing taekwondo-specific kicking tests. Kicking performance and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed as the primary outcomes, while perceived exertion, blood lactate, mental fatigue, and state mindfulness were evaluated as secondary outcomes. The findings will provide insight into the potential of mindfulness induction as a practical between-match recovery strategy for enhancing both physiological and psychological recovery in taekwondo athletes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness Condition | Experimental | Other: Mindfulness induction |
| Control Condtion | No intervention | – |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Be at least 18 years of age.
- Have at least 4 years of taekwondo training experience.
- Have normal or corrected-to-normal vision.
- Be a Chinese speaker.
- Not be engaged in any weight-loss program.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Have regularly practiced mindfulness meditation within the past year.
- Be currently participating in another clinical trial.
- Be at high risk for performing physical performance tasks (i.e., a score greater than 0 on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire [PAR-Q]).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness inductionParticipants in the mindfulness condition underwent a 15-min mindfulness induction comprising mindful breathing and body scan exercises. Participants were instructed to sit comfortably in a chair, close their eyes, and listen to a prerecorded mindfulness audio recording through headphones. They were asked to follow the instructions attentively throughout the induction, focusing on their breathing and bodily sensations with an attitude of nonjudgment. | Other | Mindfulness Condition |
Primary outcome
Kicking performance
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Frequency Speed of Kick Test, up to 10 minutes
The Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT) was used to assess kicking performance at baseline and post-intervention. Two versions were administered: the 10-s Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT10) and the multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKTmult)
Heart rate variability
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the second session (approximately 1 week). HRV was assessed for 5 min at baseline, post-fatigue manipulation, and post-intervention.
Heart rate variability was assessed using a portable heart rate monitor (Polar H10) at baseline, post-fatigue manipulation, and post-intervention.
4 secondary outcomes
Mental fatigue
Time frame: From enrollment to completion of the second experimental session (approximately 1 week), with assessments conducted at baseline, immediately after fatigue manipulation, and immediately after the 15-min intervention.
Blood lactate
Time frame: From enrollment to completion of the second experimental session (approximately 1 week), with assessments conducted at baseline, immediately after fatigue manipulation, and immediately after the 15-min intervention.
State mindfulness
Time frame: From enrollment to completion of the second experimental session (approximately 1 week), with assessments conducted at baseline and immediately after the 15-min intervention.
Rating of perceived exertion
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the second session (approximately 1 week). Measured immediately after the FSKT and during the simulated taekwondo match.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mindfulness induction in people with Mindfulness, run by National Taiwan Normal University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Kicking performance (time frame: From enrollment to the end of second intervention at 1 week. During Frequency Speed of Kick Test, up to 10 minutes). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Aug 2026.