Older AdultsNCT07772726
The Effect of IoT-based Smart Exercises System in the Senior Adults: Coordination
A study testing Smart Exercise program and Exercises in people with Older Adults, run by National Cheng-Kung University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Subjects are divided into two groups, (1) Control (Ctrl) and (2) Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly, with each session lasting 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 50 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Older Adults
- What is being tested?
- Smart Exercise program and Exercises
- Type of treatment
- Medical device, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 7 Aug 2023to 31 Aug 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 50 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adult over 50 years old
- No significant limb disability or joint deformation
- No history of cardiovascular disease
- Never lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months
Who cannot join
- limb disability or joint deformation
- history of cardiovascular disease
- lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months
- cognitive deficits
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Taiwan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
National Cheng-Kung University
Tainan, Taiwan, 701
Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D., 886-62353535 Ext. 5908, jkkuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw
About this study
Official title: Smart Health Care and Innovative Technology Service Model Plan: Development of Innovative Health Promotion System for Senior Adults
Subjects are divided into two groups, (1) Control (Ctrl) and (2) Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly, with each session lasting 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist. Participants in the SE group perform combined muscle strength and coordination training using the Smart Exercise System twice weekly, with each session lasting 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. Physical fitness tests, coordination tests, and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program.
Read the detailed description
Participants are divided into two groups: (1) the Control (Ctrl) group and (2) the Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in both groups are instructed to perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.
Participants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist.
Participants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks.
Physical fitness tests, coordination tests, and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program. Changes in physical fitness, coordination, and questionnaire outcomes are compared between the two groups.
- Conditions
- Older Adults
- Being tested
- Smart Exercise program, Exercises
- Keywords
- Older Adults, Smart Exercises System, Coordination
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Smart Exercise programDevice
Participants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks.
ExercisesBehavioural
Participants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active comparator | Participants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist. Receives: Behavioral: Exercises |
| Smart Exercise group | Experimental | Participants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. Receives: Device: Smart Exercise program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
TUG Manual
The TUG Manual Test evaluates a senior's attentional control and dynamic balance under a motor dual-task condition. Participants perform the standard Timed Up and Go task-standing, walking three meters, turning, and sitting-while carrying a full glass of water in one hand. Instructors record the time, with scores over 14.5 seconds indicating a high risk of falling.
Measured: baseline
TUG Manual
The TUG Manual Test evaluates a senior's attentional control and dynamic balance under a motor dual-task condition. Participants perform the standard Timed Up and Go task-standing, walking three meters, turning, and sitting-while carrying a full glass of water in one hand. Instructors record the time, with scores over 14.5 seconds indicating a high risk of falling.
Measured: after 12-week intervation
Secondary outcomes (36)
Six-minute walk test
To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.
Measured: baseline
Six-minute walk test
To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
BMI
Participants's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
Measured: basline
BMI
Participants's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Up and Go test
Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
Measured: baseline
Up and Go test
Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
30 second chair stand test
Number of full stands that can completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
Measured: baseline
30 second chair stand test
Number of full stands that can be completed 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
SMI
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.
Measured: baseline
SMI
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Back scratch
Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
Measured: baseline
Back scratch
Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Chair sit-&-reach test
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
Measured: baseline
Chair sit-&-reach test
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
2-minute step test
2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.
Measured: baseline
2-minute step test
2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.
Measured: baseline
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Hand grip strength test
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
Measured: baseline
Hand grip strength test
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Extremity strength
Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer
Measured: baseline
Extremity strength
Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Soda pop coordination
The Soda Pop Coordination Test assesses manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination. Participants use their dominant hand to flip and reposition three soda cans across six marked points as quickly as possible. Completion time is recorded.
Measured: baseline
Soda pop coordination
The Soda Pop Coordination Test assesses manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination. Participants use their dominant hand to flip and reposition three soda cans across six marked points as quickly as possible. Completion time is recorded.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Ruler drop test
The Ruler Drop Test assesses visual reaction time and hand-eye coordination. Participants catch a ruler dropped without warning using their dominant hand. The falling distance is recorded to calculate reaction time in milliseconds.
Measured: baseline
Ruler drop test
The Ruler Drop Test assesses visual reaction time and hand-eye coordination. Participants catch a ruler dropped without warning using their dominant hand. The falling distance is recorded to calculate reaction time in milliseconds.
Measured: after 12-week intervation
Box and blocks test
The Box and Block Test assesses gross manual dexterity and upper-extremity function. Participants transfer blocks across a partition using one hand at a time. The number of blocks transferred within one minute is recorded.
Measured: baseline
Box and blocks test
The Box and Block Test assesses gross manual dexterity and upper-extremity function. Participants transfer blocks across a partition using one hand at a time. The number of blocks transferred within one minute is recorded.
Measured: after 12-week intervation
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.
Measured: baseline
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
SARC-F
The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.
Measured: baseline
SARC-F
The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333(having extreme problems in all dimensions).
Measured: baseline
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333(having extreme problems in all dimensions).
Measured: after 12-week intervention
QUEST (Questionnaire for satisfaction)
The 8 items of the questionnaire included Dimensions, Weight, Ease in Adjusting, Safety and Security, Durability, Ease of Use, Comfortable, and Effectiveness. Each item employed a 5-point scale, with 1-point representing not satisfied at all, and 5-point representing very satisfied. Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
System Usability Scale (SUS)
The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a reliable, 10-item Likert-scale questionnaire utilized to provide a global evaluation of a system's usability and user-friendliness. Each item is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better system usability.
Measured: after 12-week intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Aug 2026
- Study start7 Aug 2023
- Primary completion31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Older AdultsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Li-Chieh Kuo, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
- Investigators
- Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D., Study director, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07772726
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- B-BR-106-072B
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 14 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Smart Health Care and Innovative Technology Service Model Plan: Development of Innovative Health Promotion System for Senior Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07772726
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- B-BR-106-072B
- Conditions
- Older Adults
- Keywords
- Older Adults, Smart Exercises System, Coordination
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Cheng-Kung University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 19 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Subjects are divided into two groups, (1) Control (Ctrl) and (2) Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly, with each session lasting 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist. Participants in the SE group perform combined muscle strength and coordination training using the Smart Exercise System twice weekly, with each session lasting 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. Physical fitness tests, coordination tests, and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program.
Detailed description
Participants are divided into two groups: (1) the Control (Ctrl) group and (2) the Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in both groups are instructed to perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.
Participants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist.
Participants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks.
Physical fitness tests, coordination tests, and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program. Changes in physical fitness, coordination, and questionnaire outcomes are compared between the two groups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active comparator | Behavioral: ExercisesParticipants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist. |
| Smart Exercise group | Experimental | Device: Smart Exercise programParticipants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 50 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adult over 50 years old
- No significant limb disability or joint deformation
- No history of cardiovascular disease
- Never lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- limb disability or joint deformation
- history of cardiovascular disease
- lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months
- cognitive deficits
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Smart Exercise programParticipants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. | Device | Smart Exercise group |
| ExercisesParticipants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist. | Behavioural | Control group |
Primary outcome
TUG Manual
Time frame: baseline
The TUG Manual Test evaluates a senior's attentional control and dynamic balance under a motor dual-task condition. Participants perform the standard Timed Up and Go task-standing, walking three meters, turning, and sitting-while carrying a full glass of water in one hand. Instructors record the time, with scores over 14.5 seconds indicating a high risk of falling.
TUG Manual
Time frame: after 12-week intervation
The TUG Manual Test evaluates a senior's attentional control and dynamic balance under a motor dual-task condition. Participants perform the standard Timed Up and Go task-standing, walking three meters, turning, and sitting-while carrying a full glass of water in one hand. Instructors record the time, with scores over 14.5 seconds indicating a high risk of falling.
36 secondary outcomes
Six-minute walk test
Time frame: baseline
Six-minute walk test
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
BMI
Time frame: basline
BMI
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Up and Go test
Time frame: baseline
Up and Go test
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
30 second chair stand test
Time frame: baseline
30 second chair stand test
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
SMI
Time frame: baseline
SMI
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Back scratch
Time frame: baseline
Back scratch
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Chair sit-&-reach test
Time frame: baseline
Chair sit-&-reach test
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
2-minute step test
Time frame: baseline
2-minute step test
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Time frame: baseline
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Hand grip strength test
Time frame: baseline
Hand grip strength test
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Extremity strength
Time frame: baseline
Extremity strength
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Soda pop coordination
Time frame: baseline
Soda pop coordination
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Ruler drop test
Time frame: baseline
Ruler drop test
Time frame: after 12-week intervation
Box and blocks test
Time frame: baseline
Box and blocks test
Time frame: after 12-week intervation
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Time frame: baseline
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
SARC-F
Time frame: baseline
SARC-F
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
Time frame: baseline
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
QUEST (Questionnaire for satisfaction)
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D. study director
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Smart Exercise program and Exercises in people with Older Adults, run by National Cheng-Kung University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D. (886-62353535 Ext. 5908, jkkuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
TUG Manual (time frame: baseline). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2026.