Rheumatoid ArthritisNCT07754552
Development and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the SMART-HAND Protocol for Hand Rehabilitation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
A study testing SMART-HAND Protocol, Conventional Hand Rehabilitation and Joint Protection and Ergonomic Education in people with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa.
Trial summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently affects the hand and wrist, resulting in pain, reduced joint stability, impaired proprioception, muscle weakness, and limitations in daily activities. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Prevention
- What is being tested?
- SMART-HAND Protocol, Conventional Hand Rehabilitation and Joint Protection and Ergonomic Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 132 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2026to 30 Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants will be 18 years of age or older.
- Participants will have a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis for at least five years.
- Participants will be referred by a rheumatologist.
- Participants will have been on a stable medication regimen for the past three months.
- Participants will have no history of diabetes mellitus.
- Participants will have no other conditions affecting sensory function.
- Participants will provide informed consent to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Individuals who have undergone hand surgery within the past six months.
- Individuals with a history of upper extremity fracture within the past six months.
- Individuals with other musculoskeletal pain conditions involving the muscles and/or joints.
- Individuals diagnosed with a neurological disease that may affect sensory or motor function.
- Individuals who are unable to fully cooperate with the assessment procedures.
- Individuals who have received corticosteroid treatment within the past month.
Show all 13Show fewer
- Individuals diagnosed with another rheumatic disease.
- Pregnant women.
- Individuals who are illiterate.
- Withdrawal/Discontinuation Criteria
- Participants who miss more than 10% of the intervention sessions will be excluded from the study.
- Participants who change their medication dosage or medication class during the study period will be excluded from the study.
- Participants will have the right to withdraw from the study at any time and for any reason.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently affects the hand and wrist, resulting in pain, reduced joint stability, impaired proprioception, muscle weakness, and limitations in daily activities. Although conventional rehabilitation primarily focuses on range of motion and strengthening exercises, sensorimotor impairments such as proprioceptive deficits are often underaddressed. The SMART-HAND (Sensory, Massage, Approximation, ROM, Training = Strengthening + Perturbation) protocol was developed as a structured, mechanism-based rehabilitation program to improve proprioception, joint stability, motor control, and hand function. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the SMART-HAND protocol in individuals with RA by comparing its effects on hand function, proprioception, pain, dexterity, muscle strength, and functional performance with conventional rehabilitation and a control group.
- Being tested
- SMART-HAND Protocol, Conventional Hand Rehabilitation, Joint Protection and Ergonomic Education
- Keywords
- Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hand Rehabilitation, Hand Function, Proprioception, Neuromuscular Control, Grip Strength, Joint Stability
- Medical subject headings
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
SMART-HAND ProtocolBehavioural
The SMART-HAND Protocol is a supervised, mechanism-based hand rehabilitation program administered twice weekly for 12 weeks (24 sessions, 50 minutes per session). The protocol consists of sensory training, massage, joint approximation, range of motion exercises, stretching, strengthening exercises, and perturbation-based stabilization training. Exercise progression is individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance. The intervention is designed to improve proprioception, sensorimotor control, joint stability, muscle strength, and hand function.
Conventional Hand RehabilitationBehavioural
Participants will receive a supervised conventional hand rehabilitation program twice weekly for 12 weeks (24 sessions, 50 minutes per session). The program includes range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises. Exercise intensity and progression will be individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance.
Joint Protection and Ergonomic EducationBehavioural
Participants will receive a single face-to-face education session lasting approximately 20-30 minutes. The education will include information on joint protection techniques, ergonomic principles, energy conservation, and recommendations for performing activities of daily living. Participants will continue their routine medical care throughout the study but will not receive a supervised exercise program.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| SMART-HAND Protocol | Experimental | Participants assigned to the SMART-HAND Protocol Group will receive a supervised 12-week hand rehabilitation program consisting of two 50-minute sessions per week (24 sessions in total). The SMART-HAND protocol includes massage, sensory training, joint approximation, range of motion exercises, stretching, strengthening exercises, and perturbation-based stabilization training. Exercise progression will be individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance. The intervention is designed to improve proprioception, sensorimotor integration, dynamic joint stability, muscle strength, and hand function. Receives: Behavioral: SMART-HAND Protocol |
| Conventional Hand Rehabilitation Group | Active comparator | Participants assigned to the Conventional Hand Rehabilitation Group will receive a supervised 12-week conventional hand exercise program consisting of two 50-minute sessions per week (24 sessions in total). The program includes range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises. Exercise intensity and progression will be individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance. The intervention primarily aims to improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and hand function. Receives: Behavioral: Conventional Hand Rehabilitation |
| Usual Care + Education Group | Active comparator | Participants assigned to the Usual Care + Education Group will continue to receive their routine medical care and will attend a single educational session lasting approximately 20-30 minutes. The education will include joint protection principles, ergonomic recommendations, and strategies for performing activities of daily living. No supervised exercise program will be provided during the 12-week study period. Receives: Behavioral: SMART-HAND Protocol; Behavioral: Joint Protection and Ergonomic Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ)
The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) will be used to assess hand function, activities of daily living, pain, work performance, aesthetics, and patient satisfaction. The primary endpoint is the change in the total MHQ score from baseline to Week 12.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12 (Primary endpoint: change from baseline to Week 12)
Secondary outcomes (8)
Joint Position Sense (Proprioception)
Wrist, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint proprioception will be assessed using a joint position reproduction test with a goniometer. The mean absolute repositioning error from three trials will be recorded.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Nine-Hole Peg Test
Hand dexterity will be assessed using the Nine-Hole Peg Test. The average completion time of two trials for each hand will be recorded in seconds.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Duruöz Hand Index
Hand functional disability will be evaluated using the Duruöz Hand Index. Higher scores indicate greater disability.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Pain Intensity
Pain intensity during rest, activity, and night will be assessed using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Sensory Threshold
Cutaneous sensory threshold will be evaluated using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. The thinnest monofilament perceived by the participant will be recorded.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Grip Strength
Maximum hand grip strength will be measured using a Jamar dynamometer. The average of three maximal contractions will be recorded in kilograms.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Pinch Strength
Lateral pinch and three-jaw chuck pinch strength will be measured using a Baseline pinch gauge. The average of three trials will be recorded in kilograms-force.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Range of Motion
Active range of motion of the wrist and finger joints will be measured using standard goniometers and recorded in degrees.
Measured: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion28 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Dec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Rheumatoid ArthritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul University - CerrahpasaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: (1) the SMART-HAND protocol group, (2) the conventional hand rehabilitation group, or (3) the control group. The intervention will be administered for 12 weeks, and outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 132 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Busra Turk, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07754552
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IstanbulUC-FTR-BT-02
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 14 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be made publicly available. Data will be retained by the investigators in accordance with institutional policies and ethical approval, and no current plan exists for external data sharing.
Publications
Chua M, Seth I, Rozen WM. The reliability and applicability of the Ten Test in hand injuries: A systematic review. Hand Ther. 2024 Jun;29(2):44-51. doi: 10.1177/17589983241230249. Epub 2024 Jan 28.
PubMed 38827650Jerosch-Herold C. Assessment of sensibility after nerve injury and repair: a systematic review of evidence for validity, reliability and responsiveness of tests. J Hand Surg Br. 2005 Jun;30(3):252-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.12.006.
PubMed 15862365Hillier S, Immink M, Thewlis D. Assessing Proprioception: A Systematic Review of Possibilities. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(10):933-49. doi: 10.1177/1545968315573055. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
PubMed 25712470Lewis E, Fors L, Tharion WJ. Interrater and intrarater reliability of finger goniometric measurements. Am J Occup Ther. 2010 Jul-Aug;64(4):555-61. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2010.09028.
PubMed 20825126Carter TI, Pansy B, Wolff AL, Hillstrom HJ, Backus SI, Lenhoff M, Wolfe SW. Accuracy and reliability of three different techniques for manual goniometry for wrist motion: a cadaveric study. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Oct;34(8):1422-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.06.002. Epub 2009 Aug 22.
PubMed 19703734Hamilton GF, McDonald C, Chenier TC. Measurement of grip strength: validity and reliability of the sphygmomanometer and jamar grip dynamometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1992;16(5):215-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1992.16.5.215.
PubMed 18796752Oxford Grice K, Vogel KA, Le V, Mitchell A, Muniz S, Vollmer MA. Adult norms for a commercially available Nine Hole Peg Test for finger dexterity. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Sep-Oct;57(5):570-3. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.5.570.
PubMed 14527120Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM. Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. J Pain. 2003 Sep;4(7):407-14. doi: 10.1016/s1526-5900(03)00716-8.
PubMed 14622683Oksuz C, Akel BS, Oskay D, Leblebicioglu G, Hayran KM. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and reliability process of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire in a Turkish population. J Hand Surg Am. 2011 Mar;36(3):486-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.11.016. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
PubMed 21295925Duruoz MT, Poiraudeau S, Fermanian J, Menkes CJ, Amor B, Dougados M, Revel M. Development and validation of a rheumatoid hand functional disability scale that assesses functional handicap. J Rheumatol. 1996 Jul;23(7):1167-72.
PubMed 8823687Riemann BL, Lephart SM. The sensorimotor system, part I: the physiologic basis of functional joint stability. J Athl Train. 2002 Jan;37(1):71-9.
PubMed 16558670Roijezon U, Clark NC, Treleaven J. Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. Man Ther. 2015 Jun;20(3):368-77. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
PubMed 25703454Young A, Dixey J, Cox N, Davies P, Devlin J, Emery P, Gallivan S, Gough A, James D, Prouse P, Williams P, Winfield J. How does functional disability in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect patients and their lives? Results of 5 years of follow-up in 732 patients from the Early RA Study (ERAS). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000 Jun;39(6):603-11. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/39.6.603.
PubMed 10888704Shauver MJ, Chung KC. The minimal clinically important difference of the Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Mar;34(3):509-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.11.001.
PubMed 19258150
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Development and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the SMART-HAND Protocol for Hand Rehabilitation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07754552
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IstanbulUC-FTR-BT-02
- Keywords
- Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hand Rehabilitation, Hand Function, Proprioception, Neuromuscular Control, Grip Strength, Joint Stability
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 132 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 28 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 10 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently affects the hand and wrist, resulting in pain, reduced joint stability, impaired proprioception, muscle weakness, and limitations in daily activities. Although conventional rehabilitation primarily focuses on range of motion and strengthening exercises, sensorimotor impairments such as proprioceptive deficits are often underaddressed. The SMART-HAND (Sensory, Massage, Approximation, ROM, Training = Strengthening + Perturbation) protocol was developed as a structured, mechanism-based rehabilitation program to improve proprioception, joint stability, motor control, and hand function. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the SMART-HAND protocol in individuals with RA by comparing its effects on hand function, proprioception, pain, dexterity, muscle strength, and functional performance with conventional rehabilitation and a control group.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: (1) the SMART-HAND protocol group, (2) the conventional hand rehabilitation group, or (3) the control group. The intervention will be administered for 12 weeks, and outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| SMART-HAND Protocol | Experimental | Behavioral: SMART-HAND ProtocolParticipants assigned to the SMART-HAND Protocol Group will receive a supervised 12-week hand rehabilitation program consisting of two 50-minute sessions per week (24 sessions in total). The SMART-HAND protocol includes massage, sensory training, joint approximation, range of motion exercises, stretching, strengthening exercises, and perturbation-based stabilization training. Exercise progression will be individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance. The intervention is designed to improve proprioception, sensorimotor integration, dynamic joint stability, muscle strength, and hand function. |
| Conventional Hand Rehabilitation Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Conventional Hand RehabilitationParticipants assigned to the Conventional Hand Rehabilitation Group will receive a supervised 12-week conventional hand exercise program consisting of two 50-minute sessions per week (24 sessions in total). The program includes range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises. Exercise intensity and progression will be individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance. The intervention primarily aims to improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and hand function. |
| Usual Care + Education Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: SMART-HAND Protocol, Behavioral: Joint Protection and Ergonomic EducationParticipants assigned to the Usual Care + Education Group will continue to receive their routine medical care and will attend a single educational session lasting approximately 20-30 minutes. The education will include joint protection principles, ergonomic recommendations, and strategies for performing activities of daily living. No supervised exercise program will be provided during the 12-week study period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Participants will be 18 years of age or older.
- Participants will have a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis for at least five years.
- Participants will be referred by a rheumatologist.
- Participants will have been on a stable medication regimen for the past three months.
- Participants will have no history of diabetes mellitus.
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Individuals who have undergone hand surgery within the past six months.
- Individuals with a history of upper extremity fracture within the past six months.
- Individuals with other musculoskeletal pain conditions involving the muscles and/or joints.
- Individuals diagnosed with a neurological disease that may affect sensory or motor function.
- Individuals who are unable to fully cooperate with the assessment procedures.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| SMART-HAND ProtocolThe SMART-HAND Protocol is a supervised, mechanism-based hand rehabilitation program administered twice weekly for 12 weeks (24 sessions, 50 minutes per session). The protocol consists of sensory training, massage, joint approximation, range of motion exercises, stretching, strengthening exercises, and perturbation-based stabilization training. Exercise progression is individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance. The intervention is designed to improve proprioception, sensorimotor control, joint stability, muscle strength, and hand function. | Behavioural | SMART-HAND Protocol, Usual Care + Education Group |
| Conventional Hand RehabilitationParticipants will receive a supervised conventional hand rehabilitation program twice weekly for 12 weeks (24 sessions, 50 minutes per session). The program includes range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises. Exercise intensity and progression will be individualized according to participants' tolerance using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and progressive resistance. | Behavioural | Conventional Hand Rehabilitation Group |
| Joint Protection and Ergonomic EducationParticipants will receive a single face-to-face education session lasting approximately 20-30 minutes. The education will include information on joint protection techniques, ergonomic principles, energy conservation, and recommendations for performing activities of daily living. Participants will continue their routine medical care throughout the study but will not receive a supervised exercise program. | Behavioural | Usual Care + Education Group |
Primary outcome
Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ)
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12 (Primary endpoint: change from baseline to Week 12)
The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) will be used to assess hand function, activities of daily living, pain, work performance, aesthetics, and patient satisfaction. The primary endpoint is the change in the total MHQ score from baseline to Week 12.
8 secondary outcomes
Joint Position Sense (Proprioception)
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Nine-Hole Peg Test
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Duruöz Hand Index
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Pain Intensity
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Sensory Threshold
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Grip Strength
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Pinch Strength
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Range of Motion
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Aug 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 38827650Chua M, Seth I, Rozen WM. The reliability and applicability of the Ten Test in hand injuries: A systematic review. Hand Ther. 2024 Jun;29(2):44-51. doi: 10.1177/17589983241230249. Epub 2024 Jan 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 15862365Jerosch-Herold C. Assessment of sensibility after nerve injury and repair: a systematic review of evidence for validity, reliability and responsiveness of tests. J Hand Surg Br. 2005 Jun;30(3):252-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.12.006.
- Results publication: PubMed 25712470Hillier S, Immink M, Thewlis D. Assessing Proprioception: A Systematic Review of Possibilities. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(10):933-49. doi: 10.1177/1545968315573055. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
- Results publication: PubMed 20825126Lewis E, Fors L, Tharion WJ. Interrater and intrarater reliability of finger goniometric measurements. Am J Occup Ther. 2010 Jul-Aug;64(4):555-61. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2010.09028.
- Results publication: PubMed 19703734Carter TI, Pansy B, Wolff AL, Hillstrom HJ, Backus SI, Lenhoff M, Wolfe SW. Accuracy and reliability of three different techniques for manual goniometry for wrist motion: a cadaveric study. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Oct;34(8):1422-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.06.002. Epub 2009 Aug 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 18796752Hamilton GF, McDonald C, Chenier TC. Measurement of grip strength: validity and reliability of the sphygmomanometer and jamar grip dynamometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1992;16(5):215-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1992.16.5.215.
- Results publication: PubMed 14527120Oxford Grice K, Vogel KA, Le V, Mitchell A, Muniz S, Vollmer MA. Adult norms for a commercially available Nine Hole Peg Test for finger dexterity. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Sep-Oct;57(5):570-3. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.5.570.
- Results publication: PubMed 14622683Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM. Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. J Pain. 2003 Sep;4(7):407-14. doi: 10.1016/s1526-5900(03)00716-8.
- Results publication: PubMed 21295925Oksuz C, Akel BS, Oskay D, Leblebicioglu G, Hayran KM. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and reliability process of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire in a Turkish population. J Hand Surg Am. 2011 Mar;36(3):486-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.11.016. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
- Results publication: PubMed 8823687Duruoz MT, Poiraudeau S, Fermanian J, Menkes CJ, Amor B, Dougados M, Revel M. Development and validation of a rheumatoid hand functional disability scale that assesses functional handicap. J Rheumatol. 1996 Jul;23(7):1167-72.
- Results publication: PubMed 16558670Riemann BL, Lephart SM. The sensorimotor system, part I: the physiologic basis of functional joint stability. J Athl Train. 2002 Jan;37(1):71-9.
- Results publication: PubMed 25703454Roijezon U, Clark NC, Treleaven J. Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. Man Ther. 2015 Jun;20(3):368-77. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be made publicly available. Data will be retained by the investigators in accordance with institutional policies and ethical approval, and no current plan exists for external data sharing.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing SMART-HAND Protocol, Conventional Hand Rehabilitation and Joint Protection and Ergonomic Education in people with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Busra Turk, PT, MSc (+905448744200, bsrgvn9@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) (time frame: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12 (Primary endpoint: change from baseline to Week 12)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07754552, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Aug 2026.