Training EffectivenessNCT07737379
Impact of Respiratory Training on Reaction Time and Other Performance Components in Young Football Players.
A study testing Respiratory training in people with Training Effectiveness and Training Efficiency, run by The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice at 2 sites in Poland.
Trial summary
The overall aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the impact of respiratory training on reaction time and other components of performance in young football players. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 15 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Training Effectiveness, Training Efficiency, Football Players
- What is being tested?
- Respiratory training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesPoland
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2026to 30 Jun 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 15 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
None listed.
Who cannot join
- no valid medical clearance to practice football,
- currently occurring acute (including respiratory infections) or chronic diseases that may affect sport endurance and safety of training,
- musculoskeletal injuries requiring treatment or limiting participation in football training, sustained within the 6 months prior to participation in the study,
- illnesses requiring hospitalization within the 6 months prior to participation in the study,
- neurological or musculoskeletal conditions requiring physiotherapy within the 6 months prior to participation in the study,
- diagnosed respiratory diseases (e.g., pharmacologically uncontrolled asthma), cardiovascular diseases, or other conditions constituting a contraindication to sports and physical exertion,
- contraindications to performing breathing and respiratory exercises, such as: a tendency toward hyperventilation, dizziness during breathing exercises, or recent chest injuries.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Poland2 sites
Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, 40-065
Anna Polak, Prof., 32 207 51 00, a.polak@awf.katowice.pl
Anna Polak, Prof.
MTS Rybnik Football Academy in Rybnik
Rybnik, Silesian Voivodeship, 44-200
About this study
Official title: The Impact of Respiratory Training on Reaction Time and Other Components of Performance in Young Football Players.
The overall aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the impact of respiratory training on reaction time and other components of performance in young football players.
Read the detailed description
The specific aims of the study are to answer whether physical training extended with respiratory exercises increases reaction time, agility, speed and endurance in young football players. An application goal of the study is to gain knowledge whether physical training supplemented with breathing exercises improve reaction time, agility, speed, and exercise capacity in young football players.
The study will include 50 healthy football players aged 13 to 15 (born in 2011-2013), who have been playing football for at least two years and are members of the MTS Rybnik Football Academy.
After obtaining written consent to participate in the study and meeting the inclusion criteria all participants will be assigned to the experimental group and the control group (25 people in each group).
Randomization will be conducted using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes (SNOSE).
- Being tested
- Respiratory training
- Keywords
- repiratory training, reaction time, football players, soccer players
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Respiratory trainingOther
Week 1 Relaxation exercises using gentle diaphragmatic breathing, learning the correct diaphragmatic breathing, elements of prolonged exhalation exercises, final relaxation.
Week 2 The session will be extended with diaphragmatic breathing with a gradual increase in resistance, achieved by controlled increase of resistance of the abdominal tissues and short rest phases between exercises.
Week 3 and 4 The respiratory training will be supplemented with: diaphragmatic breathing with resistance manually dosed by the supervising physiotherapist, through a gentle, controlled pressure on the abdomen during the inhalation phase, exercises aimed at activating the lower ribs muscles activity, short elements of chest breathing as a supplementary exercise, final relaxation.
The protocol is based on methods used in respiratory training in clinical studies involving athletes, including young soccer players with a proven beneficial effect on exercise capacity and fatigue tolerance.
+4-week follow-up
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control group N=25 | No intervention | A standard football football training will be carried out at the MTS Football Academy in Rybnik, Poland in accordance with the applicable training program for the given age category. The training will include technical, tactical, and general development exercises, including elements of speed, agility, coordination and endurance training, carried out in the form of individual and team exercises and task games. The intensity and volume of training will be adapted to age, level of advancement and current stage of the season training. + 4-week follow-up |
| Experimental group N= 25 with respiratory training | Experimental | A standard football training will be carried out at the MTS Football Academy in Rybnik, Poland.
In the experimental group, respiratory training will also be implemented. This training will be supplementary, low-intensity and will provide relaxation. It will not interfere with the main and total training load of the athletes.
Exercises will be conducted for 4 weeks, 3 times per week, immediately after the football training unit. Each breathing training session will last about 20 minutes and will be performed in a supine position, in conditions conducive to relaxation and concentration on breathing. Respiratory training will be introduced progressively, taking into account the gradual adaptation of athletes to the exercises. Receives: Other: Respiratory training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Reaction time test using BlazePod sensors
Reaction time test using BlazePod sensors - assessment of selective reaction time.
Rapid visuomotor reaction is an important element of football, in which the player makes decisions in dynamically changing field conditions [Nakamoto, Mori 2008]. To assess the reaction time, the BlazePod light-sensor system will be used, which enables an objective measurement of reaction speed to randomly appearing visual stimuli and is widely used in sports training.
Sensors will be placed on the ground, and the subject's task will be to touch the randomly illuminated sensor as quickly as possible. Each player will perform five assessments, and for statistical analysis the mean of the three best results will be used.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
T-Drill Test
T-Drill Test - assessment of agility and speed of change of direction of movement The T-Drill Test is a commonly used tool for assessing agility, acceleration, and the ability to quickly change the direction of movement in team sports, including soccer [Pauole et al. 2000]. Four cones will be set up in the shape of the letter "T". The player starts from a standing position at the central point, runs forward for a distance of 10 meters, then performs lateral movements to the left and to the right, returns to the center, and runs backward to the starting location. Time measurement will be carried out using an electronic stopwatch or photogates. Each player will perform two trial runs and then two proper trials; for statistical analysis the best obtained result will be used.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Sprint over 30 meters
Sprint over 30 meters - assessment of running speed Running over a distance of 30 meters is a standard method for assessing speed and acceleration ability, constituting an important predictor of the effectiveness of offensive and defensive football playing [Haugen et al. 2012]. Time measurement will be conducted over a 30-meter section. The player will start the run from a standing position. Running time will be measured using photogates or an electronic stopwatch. The test will be performed twice, and for statistical analysis the best of the obtained times will be considered.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Yo-Yo IR1 Test
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Yo-Yo IR1) - assessment of exercise capacity The Yo-Yo IR1 Test is a widely used and well described in the literature tool for assessing aerobic and anaerobic capacity in intermittent sports, such as football [Bangsbo et al. 2008]. The test allows assessing the ability to perform repeated high-intensity efforts and the effectiveness of recovery between them. The player performs shuttle runs between lines spaced 20 meters apart, accordingto the pace set by an audio signal. After each double shuttle run (2 x 20 m), a short active break is performed, including a jog over a distance of 5 meters and a return to the start line. The test is ended at the moment when the athlete is unable to reach the line twice within the allotted time.
Test will be conducted one time.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jul 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Apr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Training EffectivenessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- MTS Rybnik Football Academy, Kilinskiego 33b Street, 44-200 Rybnik, Poland
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Laura Piejko, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
- Investigators
- Anna Polak, Prof., Principal investigator, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07737379
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Resolution no. 01/03/2026
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 27 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 30 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of Respiratory Training on Reaction Time and Other Components of Performance in Young Football Players.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07737379
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Resolution no. 01/03/2026
- Keywords
- repiratory training, reaction time, football players, soccer players
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in KatowiceUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- MTS Rybnik Football Academy, Kilinskiego 33b Street, 44-200 Rybnik, Poland
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The overall aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the impact of respiratory training on reaction time and other components of performance in young football players.
Detailed description
The specific aims of the study are to answer whether physical training extended with respiratory exercises increases reaction time, agility, speed and endurance in young football players. An application goal of the study is to gain knowledge whether physical training supplemented with breathing exercises improve reaction time, agility, speed, and exercise capacity in young football players.
The study will include 50 healthy football players aged 13 to 15 (born in 2011-2013), who have been playing football for at least two years and are members of the MTS Rybnik Football Academy.
After obtaining written consent to participate in the study and meeting the inclusion criteria all participants will be assigned to the experimental group and the control group (25 people in each group).
Randomization will be conducted using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes (SNOSE).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control group N=25 | No intervention | –A standard football football training will be carried out at the MTS Football Academy in Rybnik, Poland in accordance with the applicable training program for the given age category. The training will include technical, tactical, and general development exercises, including elements of speed, agility, coordination and endurance training, carried out in the form of individual and team exercises and task games. The intensity and volume of training will be adapted to age, level of advancement and current stage of the season training. + 4-week follow-up |
| Experimental group N= 25 with respiratory training | Experimental | Other: Respiratory trainingA standard football training will be carried out at the MTS Football Academy in Rybnik, Poland. In the experimental group, respiratory training will also be implemented. This training will be supplementary, low-intensity and will provide relaxation. It will not interfere with the main and total training load of the athletes. Exercises will be conducted for 4 weeks, 3 times per week, immediately after the football training unit. Each breathing training session will last about 20 minutes and will be performed in a supine position, in conditions conducive to relaxation and concentration on breathing. Respiratory training will be introduced progressively, taking into account the gradual adaptation of athletes to the exercises. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 15 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (0 listed)
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- no valid medical clearance to practice football,
- currently occurring acute (including respiratory infections) or chronic diseases that may affect sport endurance and safety of training,
- musculoskeletal injuries requiring treatment or limiting participation in football training, sustained within the 6 months prior to participation in the study,
- illnesses requiring hospitalization within the 6 months prior to participation in the study,
- neurological or musculoskeletal conditions requiring physiotherapy within the 6 months prior to participation in the study,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory trainingWeek 1 Relaxation exercises using gentle diaphragmatic breathing, learning the correct diaphragmatic breathing, elements of prolonged exhalation exercises, final relaxation. Week 2 The session will be extended with diaphragmatic breathing with a gradual increase in resistance, achieved by controlled increase of resistance of the abdominal tissues and short rest phases between exercises. Week 3 and 4 The respiratory training will be supplemented with: diaphragmatic breathing with resistance manually dosed by the supervising physiotherapist, through a gentle, controlled pressure on the abdomen during the inhalation phase, exercises aimed at activating the lower ribs muscles activity, short elements of chest breathing as a supplementary exercise, final relaxation. The protocol is based on methods used in respiratory training in clinical studies involving athletes, including young soccer players with a proven beneficial effect on exercise capacity and fatigue tolerance. +4-week follow-up | Other | Experimental group N= 25 with respiratory training |
Primary outcome
Reaction time test using BlazePod sensors
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Reaction time test using BlazePod sensors - assessment of selective reaction time. Rapid visuomotor reaction is an important element of football, in which the player makes decisions in dynamically changing field conditions [Nakamoto, Mori 2008]. To assess the reaction time, the BlazePod light-sensor system will be used, which enables an objective measurement of reaction speed to randomly appearing visual stimuli and is widely used in sports training. Sensors will be placed on the ground, and the subject's task will be to touch the randomly illuminated sensor as quickly as possible. Each player will perform five assessments, and for statistical analysis the mean of the three best results will be used.
T-Drill Test
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
T-Drill Test - assessment of agility and speed of change of direction of movement The T-Drill Test is a commonly used tool for assessing agility, acceleration, and the ability to quickly change the direction of movement in team sports, including soccer [Pauole et al. 2000]. Four cones will be set up in the shape of the letter "T". The player starts from a standing position at the central point, runs forward for a distance of 10 meters, then performs lateral movements to the left and to the right, returns to the center, and runs backward to the starting location. Time measurement will be carried out using an electronic stopwatch or photogates. Each player will perform two trial runs and then two proper trials; for statistical analysis the best obtained result will be used.
Sprint over 30 meters
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Sprint over 30 meters - assessment of running speed Running over a distance of 30 meters is a standard method for assessing speed and acceleration ability, constituting an important predictor of the effectiveness of offensive and defensive football playing [Haugen et al. 2012]. Time measurement will be conducted over a 30-meter section. The player will start the run from a standing position. Running time will be measured using photogates or an electronic stopwatch. The test will be performed twice, and for statistical analysis the best of the obtained times will be considered.
Yo-Yo IR1 Test
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Yo-Yo IR1) - assessment of exercise capacity The Yo-Yo IR1 Test is a widely used and well described in the literature tool for assessing aerobic and anaerobic capacity in intermittent sports, such as football [Bangsbo et al. 2008]. The test allows assessing the ability to perform repeated high-intensity efforts and the effectiveness of recovery between them. The player performs shuttle runs between lines spaced 20 meters apart, accordingto the pace set by an audio signal. After each double shuttle run (2 x 20 m), a short active break is performed, including a jog over a distance of 5 meters and a return to the start line. The test is ended at the moment when the athlete is unable to reach the line twice within the allotted time. Test will be conducted one time.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Anna Polak, Prof. principal investigator
The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Respiratory training in people with Training Effectiveness and Training Efficiency, run by The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice at 2 sites in Poland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 0 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Poland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Anna Polak, Prof. (32 207 51 00, a.polak@awf.katowice.pl), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Reaction time test using BlazePod sensors (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Jul 2026.