PneumoniaNCT07708610
Preadmission GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Plus SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Early Outcomes After Pneumonia Hospitalization in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
An observational study of Pneumonia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), run by Chung Shan Medical University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This retrospective observational target-trial emulation uses electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to compare preadmission glucose-lowering treatment strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia. Time zero is the date of the index pneumonia admission. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Pneumonia, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
- How many people
- 71,775 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 31 Jul 2026to 31 Aug 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Adults will be selected from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, a distributed database of de-identified electronic health records contributed by participating healthcare organizations across multiple clinical systems and practice settings. The study population consists of adults with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized with pneumonia and received routine clinical care in this network, identified through diagnosis records, laboratory data, encounter records, and medication prescribing data. Comparator-specific cohorts were defined within this source population according to glucose-lowering prescriptions recorded in the year before the index admission, to evaluate preadmission GLP-1 receptor agonist- and SGLT2 inhibitor-based treatment strategies.
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Hospitalization with pneumonia during the study period, serving as the index admission
- Prescription of a GLP-1 receptor agonist, an SGLT2 inhibitor, or usual-care glucose-lowering therapy in the year before the index admission
- No GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor prescription in the 6 months before the first qualifying prescription
Who cannot join
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus, or other specified diabetes types that are not type 2 diabetes
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection
- Bariatric surgery
- Solid-organ transplantation
- Pneumonia hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy in the year before the index admission
- End-stage kidney disease, dialysis dependence, ventilator dependence, or tracheostomy status
Show all 9Show fewer
- Metastatic malignancy, lung cancer, or palliative care
- Viral pneumonia, influenza with pneumonia, or COVID-19 around the index admission
- Acute cardiovascular event in the 6 months before the index admission
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Taiwan1 site
Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
Taichung, Taichung, 402
Pen-Hua Su, PhD, 886-4-24739595 ext. 21707, jen@csh.org.tw
Yu-Nan Huang, PhD, 886-4-24739595 ext. 21707, yunanhuang83@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Preadmission GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Plus SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Early Outcomes After Pneumonia Hospitalization in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation
This retrospective observational target-trial emulation uses electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to compare preadmission glucose-lowering treatment strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia. Time zero is the date of the index pneumonia admission. The study compares patients with evidence of prescriptions for both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor in the year before admission with patients prescribed a GLP-1 receptor agonist alone, an SGLT2 inhibitor alone, or usual care. Usual care includes metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors without either study class. The primary outcome is a composite of all-cause death, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy within 30 days of admission, with the individual components and 12-month mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and major adverse kidney events also evaluated. Propensity-score methods are used to reduce bias from nonrandom treatment selection.
- Conditions
- Pneumonia, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
- Medical subject headings
- Pneumonia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 RA plus SGLT2i | Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had prescriptions for both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor in the year before admission. | |
| GLP-1 RA alone | Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and no prescription for an SGLT2 inhibitor, in the year before admission. | |
| SGLT2i alone | Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for an SGLT2 inhibitor, and no prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the year before admission. | |
| Usual care | Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a DPP-4 inhibitor, and no prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist or an SGLT2 inhibitor, in the year before admission. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy)
Measured: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Secondary outcomes (7)
All-cause mortality
Measured: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Measured: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Renal replacement therapy
Measured: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, or major adverse kidney events)
Measured: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
All-cause mortality
Measured: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Major adverse cardiovascular events
Measured: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Major adverse kidney events
Measured: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Jul 2026
- Study start31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Aug 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (22)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for PneumoniaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 71,775 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Yu-Nan Huang, Chung Shan Medical University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07708610
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CS2-26152
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 13 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 16 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared. This retrospective observational study uses de-identified electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Access to individual-level data is restricted by data use agreements, institutional policies, and privacy protections. Researchers who meet eligibility requirements may obtain access to similar de-identified data through a TriNetX license or through participating institutions.
Publications
Simms-Williams N, Treves N, Yin H, Lu S, Yu O, Pradhan R, Renoux C, Suissa S, Azoulay L. Effect of combination treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on incidence of cardiovascular and serious renal events: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2024 Apr 25;385:e078242. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078242.
PubMed 38663919Wright AK, Carr MJ, Kontopantelis E, Leelarathna L, Thabit H, Emsley R, Buchan I, Mamas MA, van Staa TP, Sattar N, Ashcroft DM, Rutter MK. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Heart Failure Events With SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Their Combination in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2022 Apr 1;45(4):909-918. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1113.
PubMed 35100355Palchuk MB, London JW, Perez-Rey D, Drebert ZJ, Winer-Jones JP, Thompson CN, Esposito J, Claerhout B. A global federated real-world data and analytics platform for research. JAMIA Open. 2023 May 13;6(2):ooad035. doi: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad035. eCollection 2023 Jul.
PubMed 37193038Topaloglu U, Palchuk MB. Using a Federated Network of Real-World Data to Optimize Clinical Trials Operations. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2018 Dec;2:1-10. doi: 10.1200/CCI.17.00067.
PubMed 30652541VanderWeele TJ, Ding P. Sensitivity Analysis in Observational Research: Introducing the E-Value. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):268-274. doi: 10.7326/M16-2607. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
PubMed 28693043Lipsitch M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Cohen T. Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies. Epidemiology. 2010 May;21(3):383-8. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb.
PubMed 20335814Austin PC, Lee DS, Fine JP. Introduction to the Analysis of Survival Data in the Presence of Competing Risks. Circulation. 2016 Feb 9;133(6):601-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017719.
PubMed 26858290Austin PC. An Introduction to Propensity Score Methods for Reducing the Effects of Confounding in Observational Studies. Multivariate Behav Res. 2011 May;46(3):399-424. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2011.568786. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
PubMed 21818162Hernan MA, Wang W, Leaf DE. Target Trial Emulation: A Framework for Causal Inference From Observational Data. JAMA. 2022 Dec 27;328(24):2446-2447. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.21383.
PubMed 36508210Matthews AA, Danaei G, Islam N, Kurth T. Target trial emulation: applying principles of randomised trials to observational studies. BMJ. 2022 Aug 30;378:e071108. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071108. No abstract available.
PubMed 36041749Hernan MA, Robins JM. Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available. Am J Epidemiol. 2016 Apr 15;183(8):758-64. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv254. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
PubMed 26994063Kosiborod MN, Esterline R, Furtado RHM, Oscarsson J, Gasparyan SB, Koch GG, Martinez F, Mukhtar O, Verma S, Chopra V, Buenconsejo J, Langkilde AM, Ambery P, Tang F, Gosch K, Windsor SL, Akin EE, Soares RVP, Moia DDF, Aboudara M, Hoffmann Filho CR, Feitosa ADM, Fonseca A, Garla V, Gordon RA, Javaheri A, Jaeger CP, Leaes PE, Nassif M, Pursley M, Silveira FS, Barroso WKS, Lazcano Soto JR, Nigro Maia L, Berwanger O. Dapagliflozin in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors hospitalised with COVID-19 (DARE-19): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Sep;9(9):586-594. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00180-7. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
PubMed 34302745Coca SG, Singanamala S, Parikh CR. Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Int. 2012 Mar;81(5):442-8. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.379. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
PubMed 22113526Chawla LS, Eggers PW, Star RA, Kimmel PL. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease as interconnected syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 3;371(1):58-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1214243. No abstract available.
PubMed 24988558Eurich DT, Marrie TJ, Minhas-Sandhu JK, Majumdar SR. Risk of heart failure after community acquired pneumonia: prospective controlled study with 10 years of follow-up. BMJ. 2017 Feb 13;356:j413. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j413.
PubMed 28193610
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Preadmission GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Plus SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Early Outcomes After Pneumonia Hospitalization in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07708610
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CS2-26152
- Conditions
- Pneumonia, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 71,775 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Chung Shan Medical UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- Study start
- 31 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 16 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This retrospective observational target-trial emulation uses electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to compare preadmission glucose-lowering treatment strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia. Time zero is the date of the index pneumonia admission. The study compares patients with evidence of prescriptions for both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor in the year before admission with patients prescribed a GLP-1 receptor agonist alone, an SGLT2 inhibitor alone, or usual care. Usual care includes metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors without either study class. The primary outcome is a composite of all-cause death, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy within 30 days of admission, with the individual components and 12-month mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and major adverse kidney events also evaluated. Propensity-score methods are used to reduce bias from nonrandom treatment selection.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 RA plus SGLT2i | – | –Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had prescriptions for both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor in the year before admission. |
| GLP-1 RA alone | – | –Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and no prescription for an SGLT2 inhibitor, in the year before admission. |
| SGLT2i alone | – | –Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for an SGLT2 inhibitor, and no prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the year before admission. |
| Usual care | – | –Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a DPP-4 inhibitor, and no prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist or an SGLT2 inhibitor, in the year before admission. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Adults will be selected from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, a distributed database of de-identified electronic health records contributed by participating healthcare organizations across multiple clinical systems and practice settings. The study population consists of adults with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized with pneumonia and received routine clinical care in this network, identified through diagnosis records, laboratory data, encounter records, and medication prescribing data. Comparator-specific cohorts were defined within this source population according to glucose-lowering prescriptions recorded in the year before the index admission, to evaluate preadmission GLP-1 receptor agonist- and SGLT2 inhibitor-based treatment strategies.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Hospitalization with pneumonia during the study period, serving as the index admission
- Prescription of a GLP-1 receptor agonist, an SGLT2 inhibitor, or usual-care glucose-lowering therapy in the year before the index admission
- No GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor prescription in the 6 months before the first qualifying prescription
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus, or other specified diabetes types that are not type 2 diabetes
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection
- Bariatric surgery
- Solid-organ transplantation
- Pneumonia hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy in the year before the index admission
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy)
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
7 secondary outcomes
All-cause mortality
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Renal replacement therapy
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, or major adverse kidney events)
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
All-cause mortality
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Major adverse cardiovascular events
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Major adverse kidney events
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Jul 2026.
- Background: PubMed 38663919Simms-Williams N, Treves N, Yin H, Lu S, Yu O, Pradhan R, Renoux C, Suissa S, Azoulay L. Effect of combination treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on incidence of cardiovascular and serious renal events: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2024 Apr 25;385:e078242. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078242.
- Background: PubMed 35100355Wright AK, Carr MJ, Kontopantelis E, Leelarathna L, Thabit H, Emsley R, Buchan I, Mamas MA, van Staa TP, Sattar N, Ashcroft DM, Rutter MK. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Heart Failure Events With SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Their Combination in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2022 Apr 1;45(4):909-918. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1113.
- Background: PubMed 37193038Palchuk MB, London JW, Perez-Rey D, Drebert ZJ, Winer-Jones JP, Thompson CN, Esposito J, Claerhout B. A global federated real-world data and analytics platform for research. JAMIA Open. 2023 May 13;6(2):ooad035. doi: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad035. eCollection 2023 Jul.
- Background: PubMed 30652541Topaloglu U, Palchuk MB. Using a Federated Network of Real-World Data to Optimize Clinical Trials Operations. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2018 Dec;2:1-10. doi: 10.1200/CCI.17.00067.
- Background: PubMed 28693043VanderWeele TJ, Ding P. Sensitivity Analysis in Observational Research: Introducing the E-Value. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):268-274. doi: 10.7326/M16-2607. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
- Background: PubMed 20335814Lipsitch M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Cohen T. Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies. Epidemiology. 2010 May;21(3):383-8. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb.
- Background: PubMed 26858290Austin PC, Lee DS, Fine JP. Introduction to the Analysis of Survival Data in the Presence of Competing Risks. Circulation. 2016 Feb 9;133(6):601-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017719.
- Background: PubMed 21818162Austin PC. An Introduction to Propensity Score Methods for Reducing the Effects of Confounding in Observational Studies. Multivariate Behav Res. 2011 May;46(3):399-424. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2011.568786. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
- Background: PubMed 36508210Hernan MA, Wang W, Leaf DE. Target Trial Emulation: A Framework for Causal Inference From Observational Data. JAMA. 2022 Dec 27;328(24):2446-2447. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.21383.
- Background: PubMed 36041749Matthews AA, Danaei G, Islam N, Kurth T. Target trial emulation: applying principles of randomised trials to observational studies. BMJ. 2022 Aug 30;378:e071108. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071108. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 26994063Hernan MA, Robins JM. Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available. Am J Epidemiol. 2016 Apr 15;183(8):758-64. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv254. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
- Background: PubMed 34302745Kosiborod MN, Esterline R, Furtado RHM, Oscarsson J, Gasparyan SB, Koch GG, Martinez F, Mukhtar O, Verma S, Chopra V, Buenconsejo J, Langkilde AM, Ambery P, Tang F, Gosch K, Windsor SL, Akin EE, Soares RVP, Moia DDF, Aboudara M, Hoffmann Filho CR, Feitosa ADM, Fonseca A, Garla V, Gordon RA, Javaheri A, Jaeger CP, Leaes PE, Nassif M, Pursley M, Silveira FS, Barroso WKS, Lazcano Soto JR, Nigro Maia L, Berwanger O. Dapagliflozin in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors hospitalised with COVID-19 (DARE-19): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Sep;9(9):586-594. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00180-7. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared. This retrospective observational study uses de-identified electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Access to individual-level data is restricted by data use agreements, institutional policies, and privacy protections. Researchers who meet eligibility requirements may obtain access to similar de-identified data through a TriNetX license or through participating institutions.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Pneumonia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), run by Chung Shan Medical University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Pen-Hua Su, PhD (886-4-24739595 ext. 21707, jen@csh.org.tw), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy) (time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07708610, which also lists 22 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Jul 2026.