TrainingNCT07697027
A Study on the Effects of Instability Resistance Training on Dynamic Balance and Rapid Change-of-Direction Ability in College Basketball Recruits
A study testing Unstable Resistance Training Group and Traditional Resistance Training in people with Training and Male, run by Richen Sun at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
This experiment aims to investigate the effects of unstable resistance training on the dynamic balance ability and rapid directional change mobility of college basketball majors, while comparing it with traditional resistance training to analyze the statistical differences between the two in enhancing the dynamic… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- What is being tested?
- Unstable Resistance Training Group and Traditional Resistance Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 24 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2025to 30 Jun 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Students in the specialized basketball class.
- No history of sports-related injuries in the past six months.
- No history of serious injuries or illnesses that would affect participation in this experiment.
- Willing to participate in the experiment and have signed an informed consent form.
Who cannot join
- History of surgery on the upper or lower limbs or other parts of the body within the past six months.
- History of severe sports injuries or physical illnesses.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
China1 site
Guangzhou Sports University Indoor Basketball Gymnasium
Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630
About this study
Official title: The Effects of Unstable Resistance Training on Dynamic Balance and Rapid Change-of-Direction Ability in Male College Basketball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This experiment aims to investigate the effects of unstable resistance training on the dynamic balance ability and rapid directional change mobility of college basketball majors, while comparing it with traditional resistance training to analyze the statistical differences between the two in enhancing the dynamic balance ability and rapid directional change mobility of the majors-Parazacco spilurus subsp. spilurus-and to explore the underlying reasons, thereby opening new research avenues for improving the dynamic balance ability and rapid directional change mobility of college majors.
Read the detailed description
All participants completed a 12-week training program, training three times per week with at least a 48-hour interval between consecutive training sessions. Depending on their group assignment, participants performed either unstable resistance training (experimental group) or traditional resistance training on a stable surface (control group). Both groups followed the same training frequency, training volume, exercise sequence, and rest intervals between sets; the only difference was the training surface. During training, the experimental group used unstable equipment such as BOSU balls, balance pads, and Swiss balls, while the control group performed the corresponding exercises on a stable floor. All training sessions were uniformly supervised by researchers to ensure proper form and training adherence.
Each training session began with a standardized warm-up, including 5 minutes of light jogging and dynamic stretching, followed by exercise-specific warm-up movements. Prior to the formal training, participants completed one set of adaptation exercises at approximately 50% of the formal training load. Rest periods between exercises were 30 seconds, while rest periods between sets were controlled at 45-60 seconds depending on the training phase.
The experimental group's training program was divided into three cycles. Weeks 1 through 4 constituted the basic adaptation phase, with training consisting of BOSU ball elbow plank (40 s × 4 sets), squats on a balance pad (10 reps × 4 sets), back-against-Swiss-ball squats with ball between the knees (40 s × 4 sets), and swan-pose balance on the BOSU ball (30 s × 4 sets), with 45 s of rest between sets. Weeks 5 through 8 constitute the enhancement phase, with training consisting of weighted squats on a balance pad (15 reps × 4 sets), weighted deadlifts on a balance pad (10 reps × 4 sets), alternating lunges on a BOSU ball (15 reps × 4 sets), and medicine ball lunge twists with toss and catch (with the front leg on the BOSU ball) (12 reps × 4 sets), with a 45-second rest between sets. Weeks 9 through 12 constitute the consolidation phase, with training consisting of weighted single-leg deadlifts on a balance pad (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted crunches on a BOSU ball (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted Russian twists on the BOSU ball (12 reps × 4 sets), and weighted Bulgarian split squats on the BOSU ball (12 reps × 4 sets), with 60 s of rest between sets.
The control group underwent traditional resistance training on a stable surface, with the same training cycle and training volume as the experimental group. Weeks 1 through 4 consisted of elbow plank (40 s × 4 sets), single-leg lifts on a flat surface (10 reps × 4 sets), static squats with a ball held against a wall (40 s × 4 sets), and swan pose balance on the floor (30 s × 4 sets); Weeks 5 through 8: squats (15 reps × 4 sets), weighted single-leg lifts (10 reps × 4 sets), weighted alternating lunges (15 reps × 4 sets), and medicine ball lunge twists with toss and catch (12 reps × 4 sets); Weeks 9 through 12 consisted of weighted squats (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted crunches (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted Russian twists (12 reps × 4 sets), and weighted Bulgarian split squats (12 reps × 4 sets), with rest intervals of 45 s and 60 s between sets, respectively. The experimental instruments and their models used during the experiment were as follows: stopwatch (PC2810, China), measuring tape (JGW-5m, China) , a whistle (PE-001, China), marker cones (KS-TC23, China), a Y Balance Test Kit™ (USA), a BOSU ball (SH-BOSU58, China), a balance mat (SH-BP34, China), 5 kg dumbbells (SH-DB5, China), a 5 kg medicine ball (SH-MB5, China), barbell plates (SH-WP5, China), and 65 cm Swiss balls (SH-GB65, China).
- Being tested
- Unstable Resistance Training Group, Traditional Resistance Training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Unstable Resistance Training GroupBehavioural
Unstable Resistance Training Intervention. The training program primarily consists of unstable resistance squats and unstable planks. Depending on the participants' fitness levels and safety considerations, the program is supplemented with auxiliary exercises and sport-specific warm-ups. During training, relevant information such as compliance, number of sets, number of repetitions, subjective effort perception, attendance, and adverse events is recorded.
Traditional Resistance TrainingBehavioural
Traditional resistance training. This primarily involves exercises such as squats and planks, without the use of equipment like stability balls that promote instability.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Unstable Resistance Training Group | Experimental | Unstable Resistance Training Intervention. The training program primarily consists of unstable resistance squats and unstable planks. Depending on the participants' fitness levels and safety considerations, the program is supplemented with auxiliary exercises and sport-specific warm-ups. During training, relevant information such as compliance, number of sets, number of repetitions, subjective effort perception, attendance, and adverse events is recorded. Receives: Behavioral: Unstable Resistance Training Group |
| Traditional Resistance Training Group | Other | Traditional resistance training. This primarily involves exercises such as squats and planks, without the use of equipment like stability balls that promote instability. Receives: Behavioral: Traditional Resistance Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from baseline in normalized Y-Balance Test composite score after 12 weeks of training
The Y-Balance Test will be used to evaluate lower-limb dynamic balance. Reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions will be measured for both the left and right limbs. All reach distances will be normalized to limb length, and a composite score will be calculated for each limb. The primary reported value will be the change in normalized composite score from baseline to 12 weeks. Higher values represent better dynamic balance ability.
Measured: Day 0, Day 74
Secondary outcomes (5)
Change from baseline in Illinois Agility Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
The Illinois Agility Test will be used to assess change-of-direction speed and agility performance. Participants will complete the standardized Illinois Agility Test course consisting of straight-line sprinting and multiple changes of direction around cones. Completion time will be recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Two trials will be performed, and the fastest completion time will be used for analysis. The primary reported outcome will be the change in completion time from baseline to 12 weeks. Lower completion times indicate better change-of-direction performance.
Measured: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in Pro Agility Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
The Pro Agility Test (5-10-5 shuttle run) will be used to assess multidirectional change-of-direction speed and agility. Participants will sprint 5 m to one side, change direction to sprint 10 m in the opposite direction, and then change direction again to sprint 5 m back through the starting line. Completion time will be recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Two trials will be performed, and the fastest completion time will be used for analysis. The primary reported outcome will be the change in completion time from baseline to 12 weeks. Lower completion times indicate better change-of-direction performance.
Measured: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in Nebraska Agility Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
The Nebraska Agility Test will be used to assess multidirectional agility, change-of-direction speed, and body control. Participants will complete the standardized Nebraska Agility Test course, which includes sprinting, lateral shuffling, backward running, turning, and rapid directional changes around designated cones. Completion time will be recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Two trials will be performed, and the fastest completion time will be used for analysis. The primary reported outcome will be the change in completion time from baseline to 12 weeks. Lower completion times indicate better agility and change-of-direction performance.
Measured: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in Three-Second Zone Multi-directional Movement Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
The Three-Second Zone Multi-directional Movement Test will be used to assess basketball-specific multidirectional movement ability, including sprinting, lateral shuffling, backward running, and rapid changes of direction. Participants will complete the standardized movement course within the basketball three-second zone. Completion time will be recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Two trials will be performed, and the fastest completion time will be used for analysis. The primary reported outcome will be the change in completion time from baseline to 12 weeks. Lower completion times indicate better multidirectional movement and change-of-direction performance.
Measured: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in T-Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
The T-Test will be used to assess agility, multidirectional movement, and change-of-direction speed. Participants will complete the standardized T-Test course, which includes forward sprinting, lateral shuffling to both directions, and backward running. Completion time will be recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Two trials will be performed, and the fastest completion time will be used for analysis. The primary reported outcome will be the change in completion time from baseline to 12 weeks. Lower completion times indicate better agility and change-of-direction performance.
Measured: Day 0, Day 74
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Jul 2026
- Study start1 Mar 2025
- Primary completion30 Jun 2025
- Study completion30 Jun 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Richen Sun
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Richen Sun, Guangzhou Sport University
- Investigators
- Hengtong Wang, Ph.D., Professor, Study director, Guangzhou sport univeristy
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07697027
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024LCLL-149
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 25 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 10 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Due to the need to protect the privacy of the study participants, the experimental data will not be made public; however, if necessary, please contact the author for reasonable use.
Publications
Barrera-Dominguez FJ, Carmona-Gomez A, Tornero-Quinones I, Saez-Padilla J, Sierra-Robles A, Molina-Lopez J. Influence of Dynamic Balance on Jumping-Based Asymmetries in Team Sport: A between-Sports Comparison in Basketball and Handball Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 14;18(4):1866. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041866.
PubMed 33672951Asgari M, Schmidt M, Terschluse B, Sueck M, Jaitner T. Acute effects of the FIFA11+ and Football+ warm-ups on motor performance. A crossover randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2023 Apr 20;18(4):e0284702. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284702. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37079585Topcu H, Gungor AK, Yildirim Y, Sekir U, Behm DG, Aldhahi MI. Effects of rear-foot instability devices on lower-limb muscle activation during the Bulgarian split squat in male football players. Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 14;16(1):2557. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32203-7.
PubMed 41392178
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Unstable Resistance Training on Dynamic Balance and Rapid Change-of-Direction Ability in Male College Basketball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07697027
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024LCLL-149
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Richen SunUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This experiment aims to investigate the effects of unstable resistance training on the dynamic balance ability and rapid directional change mobility of college basketball majors, while comparing it with traditional resistance training to analyze the statistical differences between the two in enhancing the dynamic balance ability and rapid directional change mobility of the majors-Parazacco spilurus subsp. spilurus-and to explore the underlying reasons, thereby opening new research avenues for improving the dynamic balance ability and rapid directional change mobility of college majors.
Detailed description
All participants completed a 12-week training program, training three times per week with at least a 48-hour interval between consecutive training sessions. Depending on their group assignment, participants performed either unstable resistance training (experimental group) or traditional resistance training on a stable surface (control group). Both groups followed the same training frequency, training volume, exercise sequence, and rest intervals between sets; the only difference was the training surface. During training, the experimental group used unstable equipment such as BOSU balls, balance pads, and Swiss balls, while the control group performed the corresponding exercises on a stable floor. All training sessions were uniformly supervised by researchers to ensure proper form and training adherence.
Each training session began with a standardized warm-up, including 5 minutes of light jogging and dynamic stretching, followed by exercise-specific warm-up movements. Prior to the formal training, participants completed one set of adaptation exercises at approximately 50% of the formal training load. Rest periods between exercises were 30 seconds, while rest periods between sets were controlled at 45-60 seconds depending on the training phase.
The experimental group's training program was divided into three cycles. Weeks 1 through 4 constituted the basic adaptation phase, with training consisting of BOSU ball elbow plank (40 s × 4 sets), squats on a balance pad (10 reps × 4 sets), back-against-Swiss-ball squats with ball between the knees (40 s × 4 sets), and swan-pose balance on the BOSU ball (30 s × 4 sets), with 45 s of rest between sets. Weeks 5 through 8 constitute the enhancement phase, with training consisting of weighted squats on a balance pad (15 reps × 4 sets), weighted deadlifts on a balance pad (10 reps × 4 sets), alternating lunges on a BOSU ball (15 reps × 4 sets), and medicine ball lunge twists with toss and catch (with the front leg on the BOSU ball) (12 reps × 4 sets), with a 45-second rest between sets. Weeks 9 through 12 constitute the consolidation phase, with training consisting of weighted single-leg deadlifts on a balance pad (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted crunches on a BOSU ball (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted Russian twists on the BOSU ball (12 reps × 4 sets), and weighted Bulgarian split squats on the BOSU ball (12 reps × 4 sets), with 60 s of rest between sets.
The control group underwent traditional resistance training on a stable surface, with the same training cycle and training volume as the experimental group. Weeks 1 through 4 consisted of elbow plank (40 s × 4 sets), single-leg lifts on a flat surface (10 reps × 4 sets), static squats with a ball held against a wall (40 s × 4 sets), and swan pose balance on the floor (30 s × 4 sets); Weeks 5 through 8: squats (15 reps × 4 sets), weighted single-leg lifts (10 reps × 4 sets), weighted alternating lunges (15 reps × 4 sets), and medicine ball lunge twists with toss and catch (12 reps × 4 sets); Weeks 9 through 12 consisted of weighted squats (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted crunches (12 reps × 4 sets), weighted Russian twists (12 reps × 4 sets), and weighted Bulgarian split squats (12 reps × 4 sets), with rest intervals of 45 s and 60 s between sets, respectively. The experimental instruments and their models used during the experiment were as follows: stopwatch (PC2810, China), measuring tape (JGW-5m, China) , a whistle (PE-001, China), marker cones (KS-TC23, China), a Y Balance Test Kit™ (USA), a BOSU ball (SH-BOSU58, China), a balance mat (SH-BP34, China), 5 kg dumbbells (SH-DB5, China), a 5 kg medicine ball (SH-MB5, China), barbell plates (SH-WP5, China), and 65 cm Swiss balls (SH-GB65, China).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Unstable Resistance Training Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Unstable Resistance Training GroupUnstable Resistance Training Intervention. The training program primarily consists of unstable resistance squats and unstable planks. Depending on the participants' fitness levels and safety considerations, the program is supplemented with auxiliary exercises and sport-specific warm-ups. During training, relevant information such as compliance, number of sets, number of repetitions, subjective effort perception, attendance, and adverse events is recorded. |
| Traditional Resistance Training Group | Other | Behavioral: Traditional Resistance TrainingTraditional resistance training. This primarily involves exercises such as squats and planks, without the use of equipment like stability balls that promote instability. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Students in the specialized basketball class.
- No history of sports-related injuries in the past six months.
- No history of serious injuries or illnesses that would affect participation in this experiment.
- Willing to participate in the experiment and have signed an informed consent form.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- History of surgery on the upper or lower limbs or other parts of the body within the past six months.
- History of severe sports injuries or physical illnesses.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Unstable Resistance Training GroupUnstable Resistance Training Intervention. The training program primarily consists of unstable resistance squats and unstable planks. Depending on the participants' fitness levels and safety considerations, the program is supplemented with auxiliary exercises and sport-specific warm-ups. During training, relevant information such as compliance, number of sets, number of repetitions, subjective effort perception, attendance, and adverse events is recorded. | Behavioural | Unstable Resistance Training Group |
| Traditional Resistance TrainingTraditional resistance training. This primarily involves exercises such as squats and planks, without the use of equipment like stability balls that promote instability. | Behavioural | Traditional Resistance Training Group |
Primary outcome
Change from baseline in normalized Y-Balance Test composite score after 12 weeks of training
Time frame: Day 0, Day 74
The Y-Balance Test will be used to evaluate lower-limb dynamic balance. Reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions will be measured for both the left and right limbs. All reach distances will be normalized to limb length, and a composite score will be calculated for each limb. The primary reported value will be the change in normalized composite score from baseline to 12 weeks. Higher values represent better dynamic balance ability.
5 secondary outcomes
Change from baseline in Illinois Agility Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
Time frame: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in Pro Agility Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
Time frame: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in Nebraska Agility Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
Time frame: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in Three-Second Zone Multi-directional Movement Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
Time frame: Day 0, Day 74
Change from baseline in T-Test completion time after 12 weeks of training
Time frame: Day 0, Day 74
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jul 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33672951Barrera-Dominguez FJ, Carmona-Gomez A, Tornero-Quinones I, Saez-Padilla J, Sierra-Robles A, Molina-Lopez J. Influence of Dynamic Balance on Jumping-Based Asymmetries in Team Sport: A between-Sports Comparison in Basketball and Handball Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 14;18(4):1866. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041866.
- Background: PubMed 37079585Asgari M, Schmidt M, Terschluse B, Sueck M, Jaitner T. Acute effects of the FIFA11+ and Football+ warm-ups on motor performance. A crossover randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2023 Apr 20;18(4):e0284702. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284702. eCollection 2023.
- Background: PubMed 41392178Topcu H, Gungor AK, Yildirim Y, Sekir U, Behm DG, Aldhahi MI. Effects of rear-foot instability devices on lower-limb muscle activation during the Bulgarian split squat in male football players. Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 14;16(1):2557. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32203-7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Due to the need to protect the privacy of the study participants, the experimental data will not be made public; however, if necessary, please contact the author for reasonable use.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hengtong Wang, Ph.D., Professor study director
Guangzhou sport univeristy
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Unstable Resistance Training Group and Traditional Resistance Training in people with Training and Male, run by Richen Sun at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from baseline in normalized Y-Balance Test composite score after 12 weeks of training (time frame: Day 0, Day 74). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07697027, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jul 2026.