BullyingRENKLIADIMNCT07696455
Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program for Preventing Peer Bullying in Primary School Children
A study testing Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program in people with Bullying and Victimisation, run by Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) game- and drama-based school intervention in promoting empathy and reducing bullying perpetration and victimization among primary school children. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 9 to 11 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Bullying, Victimisation
- What is being tested?
- Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 79 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Feb 2026to 30 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 9 to 11 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Third- and fourth-grade students enrolled in one of the participating public *primary schools.
- Able to attend regular classroom activities.
- Written informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian.
- Child provided verbal assent.
Who cannot join
- Parent or legal guardian did not provide written informed consent.
- Child did not provide verbal assent.
- Student was unable to participate in the intervention or outcome assessments.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Public primary schools in the city center of Burdur, Türkiye
Burdur, Turkey, 15030
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of the Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program for Preventing Peer Bullying and Promoting Empathy: A Pilot School-Level Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) game- and drama-based school intervention in promoting empathy and reducing bullying perpetration and victimization among primary school children. Third- and fourth-grade students were allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention consisted of eight weekly 40-minute sessions including educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, and collaborative learning. Empathy, bullying perpetration, and victimization were assessed before and immediately after the intervention using standardized instruments.
Read the detailed description
Peer bullying is a major public health problem that negatively affects children's psychological, social, and educational development. School-based interventions that promote empathy and positive peer relationships may help prevent bullying during the primary school years. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) program, a game- and drama-based school intervention developed to improve empathy and reduce bullying perpetration and victimization among primary school children.
A randomized controlled pretest-posttest study was conducted in public primary schools in Burdur, Türkiye. Two schools were selected and allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in the Renkli Adımlar program, which consisted of eight weekly 40-minute sessions incorporating educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, collaborative learning, and classroom discussions. The control group continued routine school activities during the study period. Empathy was assessed using the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA), and bullying perpetration and victimization were measured using the Peer Bullying Identification Scale-Child Form (PBIS-CF). Outcomes were evaluated before and immediately after completion of the intervention.
- Conditions
- Bullying, Victimisation
- Being tested
- Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program
- Keywords
- Peer bullying, Bullying prevention, School-based intervention, Creative drama, Educational games
- Medical subject headings
- Bullying
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based ProgramBehavioural
The Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) program is a researcher-developed, school-based intervention designed to prevent peer bullying and promote empathy among primary school children. The intervention was delivered over eight consecutive weeks, with one 40-minute session per week. The program incorporated educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, cooperative learning, and classroom discussions. The sessions addressed bullying awareness, emotion recognition, coping with bullying, positive peer communication, cyberbullying, and problem-solving skills.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Intervention | Experimental | Participants received the Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) program, a game- and drama-based school intervention delivered over eight weeks in weekly 40-minute sessions. The program included educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, collaborative learning, and classroom discussions designed to promote empathy and prevent peer bullying. Receives: Behavioral: Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program |
| Standard School Curriculum | No intervention | Participants continued their routine school curriculum during the study period and did not receive any structured bullying prevention intervention. After completion of the post-test assessment, participants in the control group were offered a condensed two-session version of the Renkli Adımlar program. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Peer bullying perpetration (PBIS-CF Bullying score)
Bullying perpetration was assessed using the Peer Bullying Identification Scale-Child Form (PBIS-CF) bullying subscale. Scores range from 37 to 148, with higher scores indicating greater bullying perpetration.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Peer victimization (PBIS-CF Victimization score)
Peer victimization was assessed using the Peer Bullying Identification Scale-Child Form (PBIS-CF) victimization subscale. Scores range from 37 to 148, with higher scores indicating greater peer victimization.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA)
Empathy was assessed using the 21-item Turkish version of the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA). Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater empathy.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 8-week intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Jul 2026
- Study start2 Feb 2026
- Primary completion30 Mar 2026
- Study completion30 Mar 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for BullyingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 79 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ayse Sezer Balci, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07696455
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RA-BULLY-2025-001
- Other IDs
- GO 2025/2340; 10 December 2025
- Acronym
- RENKLIADIM
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 10 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared because the study involves children and contains potentially identifiable participant-level data. The informed consent obtained for this study did not include permission for public sharing of individual participant data.
Publications
Sezer Balcı A. A Game- and Drama-Based School Intervention for Preventing Peer Bullying and Promoting Empathy Among Primary School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Unpublished manuscript, 2026.
Sezer Balci A, Gunal S, Sarica R, Kaya A. Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of the Renkli Adimlar Game- and Drama-Based Program for Preventing Peer Bullying and Promoting Empathy: A Pilot School-Level Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2026 Sep 25;14(19):3182. doi: 10.3390/healthcare14193182.
PubMed 42881621
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of the Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program for Preventing Peer Bullying and Promoting Empathy: A Pilot School-Level Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07696455
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RENKLIADIM / RA-BULLY-2025-001
- Conditions
- Bullying, Victimisation
- Keywords
- Peer bullying, Bullying prevention, School-based intervention, Creative drama, Educational games
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 79 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Mar 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) game- and drama-based school intervention in promoting empathy and reducing bullying perpetration and victimization among primary school children. Third- and fourth-grade students were allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention consisted of eight weekly 40-minute sessions including educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, and collaborative learning. Empathy, bullying perpetration, and victimization were assessed before and immediately after the intervention using standardized instruments.
Detailed description
Peer bullying is a major public health problem that negatively affects children's psychological, social, and educational development. School-based interventions that promote empathy and positive peer relationships may help prevent bullying during the primary school years. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) program, a game- and drama-based school intervention developed to improve empathy and reduce bullying perpetration and victimization among primary school children.
A randomized controlled pretest-posttest study was conducted in public primary schools in Burdur, Türkiye. Two schools were selected and allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in the Renkli Adımlar program, which consisted of eight weekly 40-minute sessions incorporating educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, collaborative learning, and classroom discussions. The control group continued routine school activities during the study period. Empathy was assessed using the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA), and bullying perpetration and victimization were measured using the Peer Bullying Identification Scale-Child Form (PBIS-CF). Outcomes were evaluated before and immediately after completion of the intervention.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Intervention | Experimental | Behavioral: Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based ProgramParticipants received the Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) program, a game- and drama-based school intervention delivered over eight weeks in weekly 40-minute sessions. The program included educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, collaborative learning, and classroom discussions designed to promote empathy and prevent peer bullying. |
| Standard School Curriculum | No intervention | –Participants continued their routine school curriculum during the study period and did not receive any structured bullying prevention intervention. After completion of the post-test assessment, participants in the control group were offered a condensed two-session version of the Renkli Adımlar program. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 9 to 11 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Third- and fourth-grade students enrolled in one of the participating public *primary schools.
- Able to attend regular classroom activities.
- Written informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian.
- Child provided verbal assent.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Parent or legal guardian did not provide written informed consent.
- Child did not provide verbal assent.
- Student was unable to participate in the intervention or outcome assessments.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based ProgramThe Renkli Adımlar (Colorful Steps) program is a researcher-developed, school-based intervention designed to prevent peer bullying and promote empathy among primary school children. The intervention was delivered over eight consecutive weeks, with one 40-minute session per week. The program incorporated educational games, creative drama, role-playing, storytelling, puppet activities, cooperative learning, and classroom discussions. The sessions addressed bullying awareness, emotion recognition, coping with bullying, positive peer communication, cyberbullying, and problem-solving skills. | Behavioural | Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Intervention |
Primary outcome
Peer bullying perpetration (PBIS-CF Bullying score)
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Bullying perpetration was assessed using the Peer Bullying Identification Scale-Child Form (PBIS-CF) bullying subscale. Scores range from 37 to 148, with higher scores indicating greater bullying perpetration.
Peer victimization (PBIS-CF Victimization score)
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Peer victimization was assessed using the Peer Bullying Identification Scale-Child Form (PBIS-CF) victimization subscale. Scores range from 37 to 148, with higher scores indicating greater peer victimization.
1 secondary outcome
Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA)
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 8-week intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jul 2026.
- Results publicationSezer Balcı A. A Game- and Drama-Based School Intervention for Preventing Peer Bullying and Promoting Empathy Among Primary School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Unpublished manuscript, 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42881621Sezer Balci A, Gunal S, Sarica R, Kaya A. Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of the Renkli Adimlar Game- and Drama-Based Program for Preventing Peer Bullying and Promoting Empathy: A Pilot School-Level Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2026 Sep 25;14(19):3182. doi: 10.3390/healthcare14193182.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared because the study involves children and contains potentially identifiable participant-level data. The informed consent obtained for this study did not include permission for public sharing of individual participant data.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Renkli Adımlar Game- and Drama-Based Program in people with Bullying and Victimisation, run by Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Peer bullying perpetration (PBIS-CF Bullying score) (time frame: Baseline and immediately after the 8-week intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07696455, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jul 2026.