Performance RecoveryNCT07690124
S-Acetyl Glutathione and Performance Recovery in Soccer
A study testing 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione and 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione in people with Performance Recovery and Exercise-induced Inflammation, run by University of Thessaly at 1 site in Greece.
Trial summary
Soccer players display elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers combined with reduced soccer specific performance over a 72-hour period. However, in modern soccer, players participate very often in 2 or 3 matches within a week, with a recovery period of 72 hours between successive matches, that is… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 29 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Performance Recovery, Exercise-induced Inflammation, Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress
- What is being tested?
- 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione and 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGreece
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2026to 20 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 29 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- participation at elite (top three division leagues) for ≥ 4 years
- no recent history of febrile illness, musculoskeletal problems and metabolic diseases
- no consumption of medications and performance-enhancing supplements (including anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vitamins and multivitamin supplements) for at least 6 months prior to the study
- participation in at least 5 training sessions and 1 match per week
- non-smokers
Who cannot join
- musculoskeletal injury
- consumption of medication and performance-enhancing supplements
- illness during the course of the study
- loss of follow-up measurements
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Greece1 site
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
Trikala, Karies, 42100
Ioannis G Fatouros, PhD, +30 2431047047, ifatouros@uth.gr
Athanasios Z Jamurtas, PhD, +30 24310 47054, ajamurt@uth.gr
About this study
Official title: Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics Study of S-Acetyl Glutathione in Highly Trained Soccer Players
Soccer players display elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers combined with reduced soccer specific performance over a 72-hour period. However, in modern soccer, players participate very often in 2 or 3 matches within a week, with a recovery period of 72 hours between successive matches, that is insufficient to restore skeletal muscle homeostasis and performance. Of note, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, a tripeptide consisting of the amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid, are substantially reduced during the 72-hour recovery period after a match because of the trauma-related acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response. GSH availability is a crucial regulator of cellular redox status, affecting numerous intracellular and physiological processes such as redox signalling, immunoregulation and muscle metabolism. Indeed, enhanced GSH availability following muscle damaging exercise has been shown to be beneficial for skeletal muscle and performance recovery by mitigating the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Thus, the enhancement of GSH availability through dietary interventions would be a promising strategy to accelerate skeletal muscle and performance recovery following a soccer game. S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor with enhanced absorption kinetics due to chemical S-acetylation of the thiol group on the cysteinyl amino acid of GSH and oral administration of SAG has been shown to be more effective in restoring intracellular glutathione levels compared to oral glutathione. The aim of this study is to (i) perform a pharmacokinetic assessment of 200 mg/day vs 500 mg/day of SAG during a 7-day supplementation period (pre-loading) and (ii) to establish the pharmacodynamic effect of the two dosages at 24, 48 and 72h following a 90-minute official soccer match.
Read the detailed description
Following baseline testing [including assessment of anthropometrics, body composition (via DXA instrumentation) and physical performance (cardiorespiratory fitness, drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque)], 20 well-trained, soccer players will participate in three trials, receiving daily (i) 200 mg SAG, (ii) 500 mg SAG or (iii) Placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design. The duration of each trial will be 11 days, including a 7-day pre-loading period (days 1 -7), a match day (day 8) and 3 consecutive recovery days after the match (days 9-11). Between trials a 3-week washout period will be implemented.
Pre-loading period: During the 7-day pre-loading period players will participate daily in training sessions according to a soccer-specific weekly training schedule, while receiving the respective supplement. Blood samples will be collected on day 1 and day 7 while daily nutrient intake (via 7-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via global positioning system instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.
Match day: On match day, players will participate in an official 90-min soccer match. Field activity (total distance, average and maximum speed, high intensity running, high speed running, accelerations, decelerations) and heart rate (mean and maximum heart rate) will be continuously monitored using global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate monitors, respectively.
Recovery days: During the 3-day recovery period after the match, players will participate daily in (i) morning testing sessions and (ii) training sessions in the evening. Testing sessions will include blood sampling and performance measurements including drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque and muscle soreness (DOMS). Dietary intake (via a 3-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via GPS instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.
- Being tested
- 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione, 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione, Placebo Supplementation
- Keywords
- S-Acetyl Glutathione, Glutathione, soccer, recovery
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
200 mg S-Acetyl GlutathioneDietary supplement
Participants will be supplemented daily with 200 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
500 mg S-Acetyl GlutathioneDietary supplement
Participants will be supplemented daily with 500 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Placebo SupplementationDietary supplement
Participants will be supplemented daily with placebo, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| SAG-200 Trial | Experimental | Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) Receives: Dietary Supplement: 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione |
| SAG-500 Trial | Experimental | Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) Receives: Dietary Supplement: 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione |
| Placebo Trial | Placebo comparator | Oral administration of placebo Receives: Dietary Supplement: Placebo Supplementation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in creatine kinase levels
Creatine kinase concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in myoglobin levels
Myoglobin concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in reduced glutathione
Reduced glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in oxidized glutathione
Oxidized glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione reductase activity
Glutathione reductase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione peroxidase activity
Glutathione peroxidase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Change in catalase activity
Catalase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in superoxide dismutase activity
Superoxide dismutase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Measured: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be assessed at a 60o knee joint angle, in both dominant and non-dominant limb, using an isokinetic dynamometer
Measured: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal peak torque
Maximal concentric and eccentric peak torque at 60o/s of the knee extensors and flexors in both dominant and non-dominant limb, will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Measured: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in jumping performance
Countermovement jump and drop jump performance will be tested using an optical measurement system consisting of a transmitting and receiving bar
Measured: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Change in repeated sprint ability
Repeated sprint ability will be assessed by performing 5x25 m sprints interspersed by a 25-seconds recovery period using infrared photocells
Measured: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
DOMS will be assessed using a 10-scale visual analogue scale
Measured: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Secondary outcomes (10)
Change in total distance covered
Total distance (km) covered during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in internal load
Heart rate during training sessions and the match will be monitored using heart rate monitors
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in dietary intake
Dietary intake will be assessed using diet recalls
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
The time (minutes) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on a daily basis will be monitored using accelerometers
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with high-intensity running
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity running during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with sprinting
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity sprinting during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in accelerations
The number of accelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in decelerations
The number of decelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in total step count
The total number of steps performed daily will be monitored using accelerometers
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in physical activity-related energy expenditure
Energy expenditure (kcal) related to habitual physical activity will be assessed using accelerometers
Measured: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Jul 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion20 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Performance RecoveryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of ThessalyThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Thessaly
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Lesaffre International
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dimitrios Draganidis, University of Thessaly
- Investigators
- Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07690124
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UTH-06/13.02.2026
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 9 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 8 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics Study of S-Acetyl Glutathione in Highly Trained Soccer Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07690124
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- UTH-06/13.02.2026
- Keywords
- S-Acetyl Glutathione, Glutathione, soccer, recovery
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ThessalyUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Lesaffre International
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 20 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 8 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Soccer players display elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers combined with reduced soccer specific performance over a 72-hour period. However, in modern soccer, players participate very often in 2 or 3 matches within a week, with a recovery period of 72 hours between successive matches, that is insufficient to restore skeletal muscle homeostasis and performance. Of note, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, a tripeptide consisting of the amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid, are substantially reduced during the 72-hour recovery period after a match because of the trauma-related acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response. GSH availability is a crucial regulator of cellular redox status, affecting numerous intracellular and physiological processes such as redox signalling, immunoregulation and muscle metabolism. Indeed, enhanced GSH availability following muscle damaging exercise has been shown to be beneficial for skeletal muscle and performance recovery by mitigating the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Thus, the enhancement of GSH availability through dietary interventions would be a promising strategy to accelerate skeletal muscle and performance recovery following a soccer game. S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor with enhanced absorption kinetics due to chemical S-acetylation of the thiol group on the cysteinyl amino acid of GSH and oral administration of SAG has been shown to be more effective in restoring intracellular glutathione levels compared to oral glutathione. The aim of this study is to (i) perform a pharmacokinetic assessment of 200 mg/day vs 500 mg/day of SAG during a 7-day supplementation period (pre-loading) and (ii) to establish the pharmacodynamic effect of the two dosages at 24, 48 and 72h following a 90-minute official soccer match.
Detailed description
Following baseline testing [including assessment of anthropometrics, body composition (via DXA instrumentation) and physical performance (cardiorespiratory fitness, drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque)], 20 well-trained, soccer players will participate in three trials, receiving daily (i) 200 mg SAG, (ii) 500 mg SAG or (iii) Placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design. The duration of each trial will be 11 days, including a 7-day pre-loading period (days 1 -7), a match day (day 8) and 3 consecutive recovery days after the match (days 9-11). Between trials a 3-week washout period will be implemented.
Pre-loading period: During the 7-day pre-loading period players will participate daily in training sessions according to a soccer-specific weekly training schedule, while receiving the respective supplement. Blood samples will be collected on day 1 and day 7 while daily nutrient intake (via 7-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via global positioning system instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.
Match day: On match day, players will participate in an official 90-min soccer match. Field activity (total distance, average and maximum speed, high intensity running, high speed running, accelerations, decelerations) and heart rate (mean and maximum heart rate) will be continuously monitored using global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate monitors, respectively.
Recovery days: During the 3-day recovery period after the match, players will participate daily in (i) morning testing sessions and (ii) training sessions in the evening. Testing sessions will include blood sampling and performance measurements including drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque and muscle soreness (DOMS). Dietary intake (via a 3-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via GPS instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| SAG-200 Trial | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: 200 mg S-Acetyl GlutathioneOral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) |
| SAG-500 Trial | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: 500 mg S-Acetyl GlutathioneOral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) |
| Placebo Trial | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: Placebo SupplementationOral administration of placebo |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 29 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- participation at elite (top three division leagues) for ≥ 4 years
- no recent history of febrile illness, musculoskeletal problems and metabolic diseases
- no consumption of medications and performance-enhancing supplements (including anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vitamins and multivitamin supplements) for at least 6 months prior to the study
- participation in at least 5 training sessions and 1 match per week
- non-smokers
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- musculoskeletal injury
- consumption of medication and performance-enhancing supplements
- illness during the course of the study
- loss of follow-up measurements
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 200 mg S-Acetyl GlutathioneParticipants will be supplemented daily with 200 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period. | Dietary supplement | SAG-200 Trial |
| 500 mg S-Acetyl GlutathioneParticipants will be supplemented daily with 500 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period. | Dietary supplement | SAG-500 Trial |
| Placebo SupplementationParticipants will be supplemented daily with placebo, orally, over the 11-day experimental period. | Dietary supplement | Placebo Trial |
Primary outcome
Change in creatine kinase levels
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Creatine kinase concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Change in myoglobin levels
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Myoglobin concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Change in reduced glutathione
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Reduced glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Change in oxidized glutathione
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Oxidized glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Change in glutathione reductase activity
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Glutathione reductase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Change in glutathione peroxidase activity
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Glutathione peroxidase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Change in catalase activity
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Catalase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Change in superoxide dismutase activity
Time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Superoxide dismutase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction
Time frame: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be assessed at a 60o knee joint angle, in both dominant and non-dominant limb, using an isokinetic dynamometer
Change in maximal peak torque
Time frame: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal concentric and eccentric peak torque at 60o/s of the knee extensors and flexors in both dominant and non-dominant limb, will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Change in jumping performance
Time frame: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Countermovement jump and drop jump performance will be tested using an optical measurement system consisting of a transmitting and receiving bar
Change in repeated sprint ability
Time frame: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Repeated sprint ability will be assessed by performing 5x25 m sprints interspersed by a 25-seconds recovery period using infrared photocells
Change in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Time frame: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
DOMS will be assessed using a 10-scale visual analogue scale
10 secondary outcomes
Change in total distance covered
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in internal load
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in dietary intake
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with high-intensity running
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with sprinting
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in accelerations
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in decelerations
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in total step count
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in physical activity-related energy expenditure
Time frame: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD principal investigator
University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing 200 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione and 500 mg S-Acetyl Glutathione in people with Performance Recovery and Exercise-induced Inflammation, run by University of Thessaly at 1 site in Greece.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Greece. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD (+30 2431047078, ddraganidis@uth.gr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in creatine kinase levels (time frame: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11). The study lists 13 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Jul 2026.