FatigueNCT07687550
Alterations in Spiking Following Muscle Fatigue in Volleyball Players
An observational study of Fatigue, run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This study aims (1)to investigate the effects of repetitive functional overhead movements targeting shoulder and scapular muscles on glenohumeral and scapular kinematics and muscle activation during the arm cocking and acceleration of spiking, and changes in subacromial structures in healthy recreational volleyball… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Fatigue
- What is being tested?
- Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue Protocol
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 35 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- Jul 2026to Jan 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Healthy recreational volleyball players
Who may be able to join
- Between 18 and 35 years old
- At least 2 consecutive years of volleyball experience
- Involved in volleyball practice or game for at least 4 hours per week
- Able to perform a cross-body spike with 3-step
Who cannot join
- A history of major shoulder or spinal injury or surgery
- Experiencing shoulder pain (VAS ≥ 3/10) in the last 6 months
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Taiwan1 site
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Taipei, 112
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, (02)2826-7049, tshuang@nycu.edu.tw
About this study
Official title: Alterations in Spiking Kinematic, Muscle Activation, and Subacromial Structures Following Muscle Fatigue in Volleyball Players
This study aims (1)to investigate the effects of repetitive functional overhead movements targeting shoulder and scapular muscles on glenohumeral and scapular kinematics and muscle activation during the arm cocking and acceleration of spiking, and changes in subacromial structures in healthy recreational volleyball players; (2) to compare these fatigue-related changes between athletes with good and poor shoulder motor control.
- Conditions
- Fatigue
- Being tested
- Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue Protocol
- Keywords
- Fatigue, Athlete, Volleyball
- Medical subject headings
- Fatigue
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue ProtocolBehavioural
The subject performed upper extremity D2 diagonal exercise with Thera-band at kneeling position to simulate the arm movement of a volleyball spike. The movement is paced by a metronome at one beat per second, with one movement per beat. If participants could not keep up or become too fatigued, they are allowed to rest for 15 seconds before continuing.
The subject was defined as fatigued, and the fatigue activity was stopped, only when all three of the following cumulative conditions were met:
- Until the number of repetitions in that set was less than 50% of the repetitions performed in the first set.
- Using the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on a 6-20 scale, until the subject's RPE was greater than or equal to 15.
- If this maximum strength showed a decrease of 25% or more compared to the maximum strength measured before the fatigue activity.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Poor shoulder motor control | During shoulder medial rotation up to 60° in supine position, the scapula forward tilts or elevation occurs, difficulties in breathing, performing difficulties, unable to perform 60° medial rotation, glenohumeral anterior translation, fatigue, the need of external feedback and external support. Receives: Behavioral: Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue Protocol | |
| Good shoulder motor control | During shoulder medial rotation up to 60° in supine position, no scapula and glenohumeral compensation, easy to breathing and perform 60° medial rotation without external feedback and external support. Receives: Behavioral: Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue Protocol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Degree of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint during spiking
The kinematics is assessed using an electromagnetic motion tracking system (VIPERTM, Polhemus, USA) to measure the glenohumeral elevation, horizontal abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, and scapulothoracic retraction/protraction, upward/downward rotation, anterior/posterior tilt during spiking movement. During the test, participants performed 3 times of cross-body spikes, with 15 seconds of rest between each trial.
Data were collected at the end of the arm cocking (maximal shoulder horizontal abduction) and at ball-contact (maximal footswitch signal), and reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: degree, °)
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
Activation amplitude of the glenohumeral and periscapular muscles
The muscle activation amplitude of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major during spiking movement. During the test, participants performed 3 times of cross-body spikes, with 15 seconds of rest between each trial.
Data were collected in the arm cocking phase (from minimal shoulder elevation to the shoulder maximal horizontal abduction) and the acceleration phase (from maximal shoulder horizontal abduction to the ball-contact), and reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: percentage, %)
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
Mean power frequency of the glenohumeral and periscapular muscles
The mean power frequency of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major during spiking movement. During the test, participants performed 3 times of cross-body spikes, with 15 seconds of rest between each trial.
Data were collected in the arm cocking phase (from minimal shoulder elevation to the shoulder maximal horizontal abduction) and the acceleration phase (from maximal shoulder horizontal abduction to the ball-contact), and reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: hertz, Hz)
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Acromio-humeral distance and thickness of supraspinatus tendon thickness during arm elevation
The subacromial structures is assessed using a diagnostic ultrasound system (SONIMAGE MX1 Ver. 1.10, Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) to measure the acromio-humeral distance (AHD, from the lateral inferior edge of the acromion perpendicular to the humerus), supraspinatus tendon thickness (SST, from the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa perpendicular to the humerus), occupation ratio (OR, dividing SST by AHD). During the dynamic evaluation, participants performed 3 times of arm elevation to 90° and returning to the neutral position at scapular plane. During the static evaluation, participants performed 3 times of arm elevation to 60° at scapular plane.
Data of dynamic evaluation is collected at 0° elevation and at the greater tuberosity of the humerus is aligned under the lateral inferior edge of the acromion. Data of static evaluation is collected at 0° elevation and 60° elevation. Data reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: millimeter, mm)
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
Degree of shoulder elevation at greater tuberosity-acromion alignment during arm elevation
The shoulder elevation angle is measured using a application software (Measure, Apple Inc., USA) at at greater tuberosity of humerus under Lateral inferior edge of the acromion, which assess diagnostic ultrasound system (SONIMAGE MX1 Ver. 1.10, Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), and reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: degree, °).
Measured: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Jul 2026
- Study startJul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionJan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionJan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for FatigueStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 35 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07687550
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NYCU114118AF
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 7 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Alterations in Spiking Kinematic, Muscle Activation, and Subacromial Structures Following Muscle Fatigue in Volleyball Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07687550
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NYCU114118AF
- Conditions
- Fatigue
- Keywords
- Fatigue, Athlete, Volleyball
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 35 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims (1)to investigate the effects of repetitive functional overhead movements targeting shoulder and scapular muscles on glenohumeral and scapular kinematics and muscle activation during the arm cocking and acceleration of spiking, and changes in subacromial structures in healthy recreational volleyball players; (2) to compare these fatigue-related changes between athletes with good and poor shoulder motor control.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Poor shoulder motor control | – | Behavioral: Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue ProtocolDuring shoulder medial rotation up to 60° in supine position, the scapula forward tilts or elevation occurs, difficulties in breathing, performing difficulties, unable to perform 60° medial rotation, glenohumeral anterior translation, fatigue, the need of external feedback and external support. |
| Good shoulder motor control | – | Behavioral: Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue ProtocolDuring shoulder medial rotation up to 60° in supine position, no scapula and glenohumeral compensation, easy to breathing and perform 60° medial rotation without external feedback and external support. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Healthy recreational volleyball players
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Between 18 and 35 years old
- At least 2 consecutive years of volleyball experience
- Involved in volleyball practice or game for at least 4 hours per week
- Able to perform a cross-body spike with 3-step
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- A history of major shoulder or spinal injury or surgery
- Experiencing shoulder pain (VAS ≥ 3/10) in the last 6 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue ProtocolThe subject performed upper extremity D2 diagonal exercise with Thera-band at kneeling position to simulate the arm movement of a volleyball spike. The movement is paced by a metronome at one beat per second, with one movement per beat. If participants could not keep up or become too fatigued, they are allowed to rest for 15 seconds before continuing. The subject was defined as fatigued, and the fatigue activity was stopped, only when all three of the following cumulative conditions were met: 1. Until the number of repetitions in that set was less than 50% of the repetitions performed in the first set. 2. Using the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on a 6-20 scale, until the subject's RPE was greater than or equal to 15. 3. If this maximum strength showed a decrease of 25% or more compared to the maximum strength measured before the fatigue activity. | Behavioural | Good shoulder motor control, Poor shoulder motor control |
Primary outcome
Degree of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint during spiking
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
The kinematics is assessed using an electromagnetic motion tracking system (VIPERTM, Polhemus, USA) to measure the glenohumeral elevation, horizontal abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, and scapulothoracic retraction/protraction, upward/downward rotation, anterior/posterior tilt during spiking movement. During the test, participants performed 3 times of cross-body spikes, with 15 seconds of rest between each trial. Data were collected at the end of the arm cocking (maximal shoulder horizontal abduction) and at ball-contact (maximal footswitch signal), and reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: degree, °)
Activation amplitude of the glenohumeral and periscapular muscles
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
The muscle activation amplitude of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major during spiking movement. During the test, participants performed 3 times of cross-body spikes, with 15 seconds of rest between each trial. Data were collected in the arm cocking phase (from minimal shoulder elevation to the shoulder maximal horizontal abduction) and the acceleration phase (from maximal shoulder horizontal abduction to the ball-contact), and reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: percentage, %)
Mean power frequency of the glenohumeral and periscapular muscles
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
The mean power frequency of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major during spiking movement. During the test, participants performed 3 times of cross-body spikes, with 15 seconds of rest between each trial. Data were collected in the arm cocking phase (from minimal shoulder elevation to the shoulder maximal horizontal abduction) and the acceleration phase (from maximal shoulder horizontal abduction to the ball-contact), and reported as mean values for each trial. (unit of measure: hertz, Hz)
2 secondary outcomes
Acromio-humeral distance and thickness of supraspinatus tendon thickness during arm elevation
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
Degree of shoulder elevation at greater tuberosity-acromion alignment during arm elevation
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Jul 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Fatigue, run by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Chi-Chong Lio (0965101633, liochichonggg@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Degree of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint during spiking (time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention (Day 1)). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Jul 2026.