StrokeNCT07683130
Comparative Effects of Mirror Therapy, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Stroke Survivors: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
A study testing mirror therapy, PNF and Constraint-induced movement therapy in people with Stroke, run by Foundation of Medical Research and Laboratories, Pakistan at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study aimed to compare the effects of these three interventions on upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors. A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in which eligible participants (N=90) with post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each: MT group, PNF… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 25 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- mirror therapy, PNF and Constraint-induced movement therapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 3 Jul 2025to 3 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 25 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Stroke Patients Both male and female Age: 25-65 years -
Who cannot join
- unable to perform exercises Do not provide consent Cognitive Impairment
- -
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study aimed to compare the effects of these three interventions on upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors.
A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in which eligible participants (N=90) with post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each: MT group, PNF group, and CIMT group. All groups received their respective interventions alongside conventional physiotherapy, five sessions per week for six weeks.
Read the detailed description
Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with upper limb motor impairment being one of the most prevalent and debilitating consequences. While several neurorehabilitation approaches have demonstrated efficacy individually, limited evidence existed comparing the relative effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) within a single trial framework. This study aimed to compare the effects of these three interventions on upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors.
A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in which eligible participants (N=90) with post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each: MT group, PNF group, and CIMT group. All groups received their respective interventions alongside conventional physiotherapy, five sessions per week for six weeks. The outcome measure were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and grip strength via hand-held dynamometry. Assessments were performed at baseline and at after 12 weeks post-intervention.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- mirror therapy, PNF, Constraint-induced movement therapy
- Keywords
- Stroke, Mirror Therapy, Rehabilitation
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
mirror therapyOther
Mirror Therapy: Participant in the group were provided mirror therapy for a duration of 12 weeks
PNFOther
PNF Group: Participant were given PNF therapy for a total duration of 12 weeks
Constraint-induced movement therapyOther
Constraint-induced movement therapy: Participant were given Constraint-induced movement therapy for a total duration of 12 weeks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror Therapy | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Other: mirror therapy |
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Other: PNF |
| Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Other: Constraint-induced movement therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Action Research Arm Test
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Measured: 12 weeks
Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Measured: 12 weeks
Modified Ashworth Scale
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Measured: 12 weeks
grip strength via hand-held dynamometry
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Measured: 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Jul 2026
- Study start3 Jul 2025
- Primary completion3 Jan 2026
- Study completion3 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation of Medical Research and Laboratories, Pakistan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07683130
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FMRL_02_26
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 27 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 6 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Mirror Therapy, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Stroke Survivors: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07683130
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FMRL_02_26
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- Stroke, Mirror Therapy, Rehabilitation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation of Medical Research and Laboratories, PakistanUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 3 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to compare the effects of these three interventions on upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors.
A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in which eligible participants (N=90) with post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each: MT group, PNF group, and CIMT group. All groups received their respective interventions alongside conventional physiotherapy, five sessions per week for six weeks.
Detailed description
Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with upper limb motor impairment being one of the most prevalent and debilitating consequences. While several neurorehabilitation approaches have demonstrated efficacy individually, limited evidence existed comparing the relative effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) within a single trial framework. This study aimed to compare the effects of these three interventions on upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors.
A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in which eligible participants (N=90) with post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each: MT group, PNF group, and CIMT group. All groups received their respective interventions alongside conventional physiotherapy, five sessions per week for six weeks. The outcome measure were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and grip strength via hand-held dynamometry. Assessments were performed at baseline and at after 12 weeks post-intervention.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror Therapy | Active comparator | Other: mirror therapy |
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation | Active comparator | Other: PNF |
| Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy | Active comparator | Other: Constraint-induced movement therapy |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 25 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Stroke Patients Both male and female Age: 25-65 years -
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- unable to perform exercises Do not provide consent Cognitive Impairment
- -
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| mirror therapyMirror Therapy: Participant in the group were provided mirror therapy for a duration of 12 weeks | Other | Mirror Therapy |
| PNFPNF Group: Participant were given PNF therapy for a total duration of 12 weeks | Other | Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation |
| Constraint-induced movement therapyConstraint-induced movement therapy: Participant were given Constraint-induced movement therapy for a total duration of 12 weeks | Other | Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy |
Primary outcome
Action Research Arm Test
Time frame: 12 weeks
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity
Time frame: 12 weeks
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Modified Ashworth Scale
Time frame: 12 weeks
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
grip strength via hand-held dynamometry
Time frame: 12 weeks
The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Jul 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Stroke
Not yet recruiting
Temporal Interference Stimulation for Upper-Limb Motor Recovery in Early Subacute Stroke
Acute Ischemic Stroke
RecruitingObservational study
ELATE Study: Evaluating Large-vessel Acute Thrombectomy in Extended Time Window
Acute Ichemic Stroke
Recruiting
Web-Based Tele-Rehabilitation Using Action Observation and Mirror Therapy for Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Stroke, Upper Extremity Paresis
Recruiting
Early Motor-Cognitive Integrative Training on Cognitive and Motor Performance in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Aneurysm Hemorrhage
Not yet recruiting
Selective Intra-Arterial Hypothermia After Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Acute Ischemic Stroke, Basilar Artery Occlusion
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing mirror therapy, PNF and Constraint-induced movement therapy in people with Stroke, run by Foundation of Medical Research and Laboratories, Pakistan at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Action Research Arm Test (time frame: 12 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jul 2026.