Chronic StrokeNCT07631169
The Effect of Action Observation Therapy Including Unimanual and Bimanual Activities in Chronic Stroke
A study testing Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities), Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities) and conventional physiotherapy in people with Chronic Stroke, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Functional impairments in the upper extremities following a stroke significantly restrict individuals' activities of daily living and overall quality of life; in this context, Action Observation Training (AOT) has emerged in recent years as an effective rehabilitation method that promotes motor learning processes and… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Stroke
- What is being tested?
- Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities), Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities) and conventional physiotherapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 45 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 18 May 2026to 18 May 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being over 18 years of age,
- Diagnosis of left hemiparetic stroke,
- Having passed between 6 months since the onset of stroke,
- Being in stage 4 or 5 of the hand and stage 4, 5 or 6 of the upper extremity --according to Brunnstrom staging,
- Being able to sit on a chair for 30 minutes without support (patients who scored 20 or more points in total from the Trunk Impairment Scale),
- Scoring 24 or more points from the Mini Mental Test
Who cannot join
- Unwillingness to participate in the study,
- Having spasticity that prevents grasping and releasing an object (levels 3 and 4 on the Modified Ashworth Scale),
- Having a contracture in any of the affected upper extremity joints,
- Having severe neglect disorder (scoring 21 or higher on the Catherine Bergego Scale),
- Having impaired cooperation, compliance, and behavior during the administration of tests used to obtain data,
- Having a mental impairment that prevents communication and following basic commands (scoring less than 24 on the Mini-Mental Test),
- Having additional neurological and/or orthopedic problems that may affect motor performance and sitting balance,
- Having severe visual and hearing problems (if any, these problems not corrected with assistive devices such as glasses, contact lenses, hearing aids, etc.)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Mustafa KAVAK
Karabük, Merkez, 78100
Mustafa KAVAK, Phd, +905065089564, mustafakavak@karabuk.edu.tr
Cihan Caner Aksoy, Ass. Professor
About this study
Official title: Investigation of the Effects of Action Observation Therapy Including Unimanual and Bimanual Activities on Upper Extremity Functions, Activities of Daily Living, and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke
Functional impairments in the upper extremities following a stroke significantly restrict individuals' activities of daily living and overall quality of life; in this context, Action Observation Training (AOT) has emerged in recent years as an effective rehabilitation method that promotes motor learning processes and cortical activity by activating the mirror neuron system. Although the literature acknowledges the positive effects on neural mechanisms of both unimanuel approaches, which focus on the paretic hand alone, and bimanual approaches, which involve the simultaneous use of both hands, there remains a gap regarding which method yields superior outcomes. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of AOT interventions consisting of exclusively unimanual versus exclusively bimanual activities on upper extremity functions, activities of daily living, and quality of life in chronic stroke patients, while investigating the potential differences between the outcomes of these two distinct approaches.
Read the detailed description
Stroke is defined as a neurological condition caused by focal damage to the central nervous system due to vascular problems such as cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Globally, stroke remains among the leading causes of mortality and disability.
Although stroke-related mortality rates have decreased due to advancements in the medical field, the number of individuals living with motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments following a stroke is increasing. Functional insufficiency of the upper extremity is one of the most common sequelae in stroke patients, significantly restricting grasp-release functions and, consequently, activities of daily living (ADL) such as eating, drinking, dressing, and self-care. Due to these limitations, stroke survivors become dependent at various levels and face inadequacies in fulfilling their physical, emotional, and social roles, which negatively impacts their quality of life. Scientists are conducting various studies to identify effective, low-cost, and easily applicable methods that can reduce the impact of stroke and enhance recovery, thereby alleviating the substantial economic, physical, social, and psychological burden on patients and their caregivers.
Action Observation Therapy (AOT), performed by observing simple actions frequently used in ADL followed by the imitation of those observed actions, has emerged in recent years as a rehabilitation approach used to improve upper extremity functions in the treatment of stroke and various neurological diseases. The neural basis of AOT is the activation of the mirror neuron system, which is active not only during one's own movements but also when observing the movements of others. Studies using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging have demonstrated increased mirror neuron activity during actions performed while observing the movements of others. It is stated that observing an action and subsequently attempting to imitate it reduces interhemispheric inhibition, thereby facilitating the activation of the primary motor cortex responsible for the observed movement, easing the execution of the action, resolving motor function impairments, and enabling the relearning of functions.
Research involving ADL and stroke rehabilitation examines the effectiveness, as well as the relative advantages and disadvantages, of treatment approaches involving activities where either a single hand (unimanual) or both hands (bimanual) are used together. Interventions utilizing unimanual movements in stroke patients aim to encourage the use of the patient's paretic upper extremity, achieve improvement in the structure and functions of the affected limb, and thus increase the patient's independence in ADL. In such applications, therapeutic effects are obtained by inducing significant changes in the cortical activities of hemispheres, both contralateral and ipsilateral to the paretic upper extremity. In interventions involving bimanual movements, the patient's paretic and non-paretic upper extremities are used simultaneously during common daily activities, helping the affected extremity reach the level of the less affected limb. This benefit is thought to be related to neural coupling via healthy pathways connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. Additionally, it has been determined via magnetic resonance imaging that motor areas in the brain are more activated during bimanual movements compared to unimanual movements.
Studies conducted using AOT in stroke patients include both unimanual and bimanual activities. However, no research has been found in the literature regarding which approach yields superior benefits. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the effects of AOT involving exclusively unimanual and exclusively bimanual activities on upper extremity functions, ADL, and quality of life in chronic stroke patients, and to investigate whether there is a significant difference between the outcomes of these two applications.
- Conditions
- Chronic Stroke
- Being tested
- Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities), Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities), conventional physiotherapy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities)Other
Participants will receive 30 minutes of unimanual-only activities in each session AOT (at home via telerahabilitation) in addition to 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy (stretching, strengthening, core mobility, balance, electrotherapy, and endurance exercises in the clinic). They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks.
Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities)Other
Participants will receive 30 minutes of bimanual-only activities in each session AOT(at home via telerahabilitation) in addition to 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy (stretching, strengthening, core mobility, balance, electrotherapy, and endurance exercises in the clinic). They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks.
conventional physiotherapyOther
Participants will receive 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy (stretching, strengthening, core mobility, balance, electrotherapy, and endurance exercises in the clinic). They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities) | Experimental | Participants will receive 45 minutes of general physiotherapy in addition to 30 minutes of unimanual-only activities in each session of Action Observation Therapy. Receives: Other: Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities); Other: conventional physiotherapy |
| Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities) | Experimental | Participants will receive 45 minutes of general physiotherapy in addition to 30 minutes of bimanual-only activities in each session of Action Observation Therapy. Receives: Other: Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities); Other: conventional physiotherapy |
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Other | Participants will receive 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy. Receives: Other: conventional physiotherapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Spasticity
Spasticity will assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale. As the score increases, spasticity increases. The minimum score for this scale is 1 and the maximum score is 5.
Measured: Baseline
Stage of hemiplegia
"Brunnstrom Hemiplegia Recovery Staging" will be used to determine the hemiplegic stage of the patients. This scale is scored between 1 and 6. As the score increases, the patient improves.
Measured: Baseline
Dominant side
The Edinburgh Hand Preference Test will be used to determine which hand the patient uses more in daily life (Score range: -100 to +100; high positive scores indicate right-handedness, high negative scores indicate left-handedness).
Measured: Baseline
Cognitif Function
Mini Mental Test will be used to evaluate cognitive functions. In the evaluation, 24-30 points indicate that cognitive functions are normal, 18-23 points indicate mild cognitive impairment, and 17 points and below indicate that cognitive status is severely affected.
Measured: Baseline
Neglect
The Catherine Bergego Scale will be used to assess the impact of unilateral neglect after stroke on activities of daily living. 1-10 indicates mild neglect, 11-20 indicates moderate neglect, and 21-30 indicates severe neglect.
Measured: Baseline
Motor function
The "Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment Scale" will be used to evaluate upper extremity motor functions. This scale ranges from 0 to 66 points. As the score increases, motor function improves.
Measured: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Upper extremity function
Evaluation of upper extremity functions (hand-arm) and motor speed will be done with the "Nine-Hole Peg Test".It is a widely used test in clinical practice that evaluates upper extremity function (hand and arm) and motor performance.
The test consists of 9 wooden sticks with a diameter of 9 millimeters (mm) and a standard wooden block with 9 holes with a diameter of 10 mm. The patient inserts the nine sticks one by one into the nine holes as quickly as possible and then removes them one by one in the same manner. The timer is started when the first stick is inserted and stopped when the last stick is removed and released from the hand. The time elapsed for the patient to insert and remove the sticks is recorded.
Measured: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Functional Independence
Evaluation of upper extremity functions will be done with the "The Functional Independence Scale (FIS)". Function decreases as the time spent on the test increases. It is used to assess the change and development in ADL (Applications for Daily Living) depending on the degree of disability experienced by individuals and rehabilitation programs. Consisting of a total of 18 items, the FIS is divided into two main subcategories: motor domain (FIS-motor; 13 items) and cognitive domain (FIS-cognitive; 5 items). All activities are rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (requires full assistance during activities) to 7 (performs the activity completely independently). The total FIS score ranges from 18 to 126 points. A decrease in the score indicates an increase in the individual's dependence during ADL.
Measured: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Life Quality
The Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale will be used to assess the quality of life of individuals with stroke. The higher the total score, the better the quality of life of the individual with stroke. This scale is scored between 49-245.As the score increases, the quality of life increases.
Measured: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Jun 2026
- Study start18 May 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion22 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion18 May 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mustafa Kavak, Karabuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07631169
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Karabuk-03
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 1 Jun 2026
- Last updated
- 9 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Mancuso M, Tondo SD, Costantini E, Damora A, Sale P, Abbruzzese L. Action Observation Therapy for Upper Limb Recovery in Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Brain Sci. 2021 Feb 26;11(3):290. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11030290.
PubMed 33652680Shamili A, Hassani Mehraban A, Azad A, Raissi GR, Shati M. Effects of Meaningful Action Observation Therapy on Occupational Performance, Upper Limb Function, and Corticospinal Excitability Poststroke: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial. Neural Plast. 2022 Sep 16;2022:5284044. doi: 10.1155/2022/5284044. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 36160327
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of the Effects of Action Observation Therapy Including Unimanual and Bimanual Activities on Upper Extremity Functions, Activities of Daily Living, and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07631169
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Karabuk-03
- Conditions
- Chronic Stroke
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Karabuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 May 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 22 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 18 May 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Functional impairments in the upper extremities following a stroke significantly restrict individuals' activities of daily living and overall quality of life; in this context, Action Observation Training (AOT) has emerged in recent years as an effective rehabilitation method that promotes motor learning processes and cortical activity by activating the mirror neuron system. Although the literature acknowledges the positive effects on neural mechanisms of both unimanuel approaches, which focus on the paretic hand alone, and bimanual approaches, which involve the simultaneous use of both hands, there remains a gap regarding which method yields superior outcomes. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of AOT interventions consisting of exclusively unimanual versus exclusively bimanual activities on upper extremity functions, activities of daily living, and quality of life in chronic stroke patients, while investigating the potential differences between the outcomes of these two distinct approaches.
Detailed description
Stroke is defined as a neurological condition caused by focal damage to the central nervous system due to vascular problems such as cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Globally, stroke remains among the leading causes of mortality and disability.
Although stroke-related mortality rates have decreased due to advancements in the medical field, the number of individuals living with motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments following a stroke is increasing. Functional insufficiency of the upper extremity is one of the most common sequelae in stroke patients, significantly restricting grasp-release functions and, consequently, activities of daily living (ADL) such as eating, drinking, dressing, and self-care. Due to these limitations, stroke survivors become dependent at various levels and face inadequacies in fulfilling their physical, emotional, and social roles, which negatively impacts their quality of life. Scientists are conducting various studies to identify effective, low-cost, and easily applicable methods that can reduce the impact of stroke and enhance recovery, thereby alleviating the substantial economic, physical, social, and psychological burden on patients and their caregivers.
Action Observation Therapy (AOT), performed by observing simple actions frequently used in ADL followed by the imitation of those observed actions, has emerged in recent years as a rehabilitation approach used to improve upper extremity functions in the treatment of stroke and various neurological diseases. The neural basis of AOT is the activation of the mirror neuron system, which is active not only during one's own movements but also when observing the movements of others. Studies using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging have demonstrated increased mirror neuron activity during actions performed while observing the movements of others. It is stated that observing an action and subsequently attempting to imitate it reduces interhemispheric inhibition, thereby facilitating the activation of the primary motor cortex responsible for the observed movement, easing the execution of the action, resolving motor function impairments, and enabling the relearning of functions.
Research involving ADL and stroke rehabilitation examines the effectiveness, as well as the relative advantages and disadvantages, of treatment approaches involving activities where either a single hand (unimanual) or both hands (bimanual) are used together. Interventions utilizing unimanual movements in stroke patients aim to encourage the use of the patient's paretic upper extremity, achieve improvement in the structure and functions of the affected limb, and thus increase the patient's independence in ADL. In such applications, therapeutic effects are obtained by inducing significant changes in the cortical activities of hemispheres, both contralateral and ipsilateral to the paretic upper extremity. In interventions involving bimanual movements, the patient's paretic and non-paretic upper extremities are used simultaneously during common daily activities, helping the affected extremity reach the level of the less affected limb. This benefit is thought to be related to neural coupling via healthy pathways connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. Additionally, it has been determined via magnetic resonance imaging that motor areas in the brain are more activated during bimanual movements compared to unimanual movements.
Studies conducted using AOT in stroke patients include both unimanual and bimanual activities. However, no research has been found in the literature regarding which approach yields superior benefits. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the effects of AOT involving exclusively unimanual and exclusively bimanual activities on upper extremity functions, ADL, and quality of life in chronic stroke patients, and to investigate whether there is a significant difference between the outcomes of these two applications.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities) | Experimental | Other: Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities), Other: conventional physiotherapyParticipants will receive 45 minutes of general physiotherapy in addition to 30 minutes of unimanual-only activities in each session of Action Observation Therapy. |
| Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities) | Experimental | Other: Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities), Other: conventional physiotherapyParticipants will receive 45 minutes of general physiotherapy in addition to 30 minutes of bimanual-only activities in each session of Action Observation Therapy. |
| Conventional Physiotherapy | Other | Other: conventional physiotherapyParticipants will receive 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Being over 18 years of age,
- Diagnosis of left hemiparetic stroke,
- Having passed between 6 months since the onset of stroke,
- Being in stage 4 or 5 of the hand and stage 4, 5 or 6 of the upper extremity --according to Brunnstrom staging,
- Being able to sit on a chair for 30 minutes without support (patients who scored 20 or more points in total from the Trunk Impairment Scale),
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Unwillingness to participate in the study,
- Having spasticity that prevents grasping and releasing an object (levels 3 and 4 on the Modified Ashworth Scale),
- Having a contracture in any of the affected upper extremity joints,
- Having severe neglect disorder (scoring 21 or higher on the Catherine Bergego Scale),
- Having impaired cooperation, compliance, and behavior during the administration of tests used to obtain data,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities)Participants will receive 30 minutes of unimanual-only activities in each session AOT (at home via telerahabilitation) in addition to 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy (stretching, strengthening, core mobility, balance, electrotherapy, and endurance exercises in the clinic). They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities) |
| Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities)Participants will receive 30 minutes of bimanual-only activities in each session AOT(at home via telerahabilitation) in addition to 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy (stretching, strengthening, core mobility, balance, electrotherapy, and endurance exercises in the clinic). They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities) |
| conventional physiotherapyParticipants will receive 45 minutes of conventional physiotherapy (stretching, strengthening, core mobility, balance, electrotherapy, and endurance exercises in the clinic). They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks. | Other | Conventional Physiotherapy, Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities), Conventional Physiotherapy+Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities) |
Primary outcome
Spasticity
Time frame: Baseline
Spasticity will assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale. As the score increases, spasticity increases. The minimum score for this scale is 1 and the maximum score is 5.
Stage of hemiplegia
Time frame: Baseline
"Brunnstrom Hemiplegia Recovery Staging" will be used to determine the hemiplegic stage of the patients. This scale is scored between 1 and 6. As the score increases, the patient improves.
Dominant side
Time frame: Baseline
The Edinburgh Hand Preference Test will be used to determine which hand the patient uses more in daily life (Score range: -100 to +100; high positive scores indicate right-handedness, high negative scores indicate left-handedness).
Cognitif Function
Time frame: Baseline
Mini Mental Test will be used to evaluate cognitive functions. In the evaluation, 24-30 points indicate that cognitive functions are normal, 18-23 points indicate mild cognitive impairment, and 17 points and below indicate that cognitive status is severely affected.
Neglect
Time frame: Baseline
The Catherine Bergego Scale will be used to assess the impact of unilateral neglect after stroke on activities of daily living. 1-10 indicates mild neglect, 11-20 indicates moderate neglect, and 21-30 indicates severe neglect.
Motor function
Time frame: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
The "Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment Scale" will be used to evaluate upper extremity motor functions. This scale ranges from 0 to 66 points. As the score increases, motor function improves.
Upper extremity function
Time frame: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Evaluation of upper extremity functions (hand-arm) and motor speed will be done with the "Nine-Hole Peg Test".It is a widely used test in clinical practice that evaluates upper extremity function (hand and arm) and motor performance. The test consists of 9 wooden sticks with a diameter of 9 millimeters (mm) and a standard wooden block with 9 holes with a diameter of 10 mm. The patient inserts the nine sticks one by one into the nine holes as quickly as possible and then removes them one by one in the same manner. The timer is started when the first stick is inserted and stopped when the last stick is removed and released from the hand. The time elapsed for the patient to insert and remove the sticks is recorded.
Functional Independence
Time frame: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Evaluation of upper extremity functions will be done with the "The Functional Independence Scale (FIS)". Function decreases as the time spent on the test increases. It is used to assess the change and development in ADL (Applications for Daily Living) depending on the degree of disability experienced by individuals and rehabilitation programs. Consisting of a total of 18 items, the FIS is divided into two main subcategories: motor domain (FIS-motor; 13 items) and cognitive domain (FIS-cognitive; 5 items). All activities are rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (requires full assistance during activities) to 7 (performs the activity completely independently). The total FIS score ranges from 18 to 126 points. A decrease in the score indicates an increase in the individual's dependence during ADL.
Life Quality
Time frame: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
The Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale will be used to assess the quality of life of individuals with stroke. The higher the total score, the better the quality of life of the individual with stroke. This scale is scored between 49-245.As the score increases, the quality of life increases.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Jun 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 33652680Mancuso M, Tondo SD, Costantini E, Damora A, Sale P, Abbruzzese L. Action Observation Therapy for Upper Limb Recovery in Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Brain Sci. 2021 Feb 26;11(3):290. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11030290.
- Results publication: PubMed 36160327Shamili A, Hassani Mehraban A, Azad A, Raissi GR, Shati M. Effects of Meaningful Action Observation Therapy on Occupational Performance, Upper Limb Function, and Corticospinal Excitability Poststroke: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial. Neural Plast. 2022 Sep 16;2022:5284044. doi: 10.1155/2022/5284044. eCollection 2022.
- Research studyLink provided by the sponsor.
- Research studyLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Action Observation Therapy(unimanuel activities), Action Observation Therapy(bimanuel activities) and conventional physiotherapy in people with Chronic Stroke, run by Karabuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Mustafa KAVAK, Phd (+905065089564, mustafakavak@karabuk.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Spasticity (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07631169, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Jun 2026.