Chronic Stroke PatientNot anyNCT07587463
Efficacy of Swiss Ball Exercises Versus Kinesthetic Training for Improving Balance and Functional Mobility in Chronic Stroke Patients.
A study testing Swiss Ball Exercise Training and Kinesthetic Training in people with Chronic Stroke Patient, run by Nisha Fazal at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability and commonly results in impaired balance, reduced trunk control, and difficulty in functional mobility. Chronic stroke patients often experience limitations in daily activities due to poor postural stability and decreased motor coordination. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 45 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Stroke Patient
- What is being tested?
- Swiss Ball Exercise Training and Kinesthetic Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 7 May 2026to 30 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 45 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients diagnosed with stroke for past 6 or more then 6 months both sides (R, L).
- Age: 45-65 years . Absence of cognitive impairment ( Mini Mental State Examination Score >23). Able to follow 3 step command. Medically stable. Both genders. Who can manage to come to the medical centre. Who score 21-50 on berg balance scale (BBS). Able to participate in the exercise program. Who don't have any cardiovascular or musculoskeletal problem.
Who cannot join
- Cognitive impairment hindering performance. Other neurological problems. Acute or subacute stroke. Impair vision without correction. Other health problem ( cardiovascular, DM etc). Pain during standing or walking. Lake the ability to participate.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Shadman Medical Center
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
Nisha Fazal, MSPT N, 03220000138, nishafazal38@gmail.com
Montiha Azeem, MSPTN, 03479717317, muntahaazeem9@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Efficacy of Swiss Ball Exercises Versus Kinesthetic Training for Improving Balance and Functional Mobility in Chronic Stroke Patients
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability and commonly results in impaired balance, reduced trunk control, and difficulty in functional mobility. Chronic stroke patients often experience limitations in daily activities due to poor postural stability and decreased motor coordination. Various rehabilitation approaches are used to improve balance and mobility, among which Swiss ball exercises and kinesthetic training are considered beneficial interventions.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of Swiss ball exercises versus kinesthetic training in improving balance and functional mobility in patients with chronic stroke. A total of 36 participants diagnosed with chronic stroke for more than six months will be recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. Group A will receive Swiss ball exercises focusing on trunk stability, coordination, and balance control, while Group B will receive kinesthetic training aimed at improving proprioception, sensory feedback, and motor control.
Read more
The intervention program will continue for 8 weeks under the supervision of qualified physiotherapists in the Physiotherapy Department of Shalimar Health Centre. Balance and functional mobility will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.
This study aims to determine which intervention is more effective in enhancing balance and mobility in chronic stroke patients and may help improve rehabilitation strategies for stroke recovery.
Read the detailed description
Stroke commonly leads to long-term physical impairments including poor balance, impaired proprioception, decreased trunk stability, and reduced functional mobility. These deficits negatively affect independence in activities of daily living and increase the risk of falls in chronic stroke patients. Rehabilitation strategies focusing on balance retraining and motor control are essential for improving functional outcomes and quality of life.
Swiss ball exercises are widely used in neurorehabilitation to improve trunk control, postural stability, coordination, and balance through unstable surface training. These exercises stimulate core muscle activation and enhance neuromuscular control during functional movements. On the other hand, kinesthetic training focuses on proprioceptive input, sensory feedback, motor relearning, and coordinated movement patterns to improve postural control and mobility.
Although both treatment approaches have shown beneficial effects in stroke rehabilitation, limited evidence is available comparing their effectiveness specifically in chronic stroke patients. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial aims to compare the efficacy of Swiss ball exercises and kinesthetic training in improving balance and functional mobility among individuals with chronic stroke.
A total of 36 participants meeting the eligibility criteria will be recruited from the Physiotherapy Department of Shalimar Health Centre. Participants will be randomly allocated into two equal groups using computerized randomization. Group A will receive a structured Swiss ball exercise program, while Group B will receive kinesthetic training exercises. Both intervention protocols will be supervised by qualified physiotherapists and conducted for 8 weeks.
Outcome measures will include the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for assessment of balance and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for assessment of functional mobility. Measurements will be recorded at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. Data collection will be performed by an assessor blinded to group allocation to minimize assessment bias.
The findings of this study may provide evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of Swiss ball exercises and kinesthetic training and may assist physiotherapists in selecting appropriate rehabilitation interventions for chronic stroke patients.
- Conditions
- Chronic Stroke Patient
- Being tested
- Swiss Ball Exercise Training, Kinesthetic Training
- Keywords
- Chronic Stroke, Swiss Ball Exercises, Kinesthetic Training, Balance Training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Swiss Ball Exercise TrainingBehavioural
Participants assigned to this intervention will perform a progressive Swiss ball exercise program aimed at improving trunk stability, postural control, balance, coordination, and functional mobility in chronic stroke patients. The intervention includes sitting balance activities, pelvic tilts, bridging exercises, dynamic reaching tasks, weight-shifting activities, wall squats, and gait-related exercises using a Swiss ball. Exercises will be supervised by qualified physiotherapists and performed over an 8-week treatment period with gradual progression in difficulty.
Kinesthetic TrainingBehavioural
Participants assigned to this intervention will receive kinesthetic training focused on improving proprioception, sensory feedback, postural stability, motor control, and functional mobility. The program includes static and dynamic balance activities, weight-shifting exercises, tandem standing, gait training, obstacle navigation, dual-task activities, and proprioceptive exercises performed under physiotherapist supervision. The intervention will be conducted progressively over 8 weeks according to participant performance and tolerance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| group A Swiss Ball Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive a structured Swiss ball exercise program designed to improve balance, trunk control, coordination, and functional mobility in chronic stroke patients. The intervention will include progressive sitting, standing, weight-shifting, bridging, and dynamic balance exercises performed using a Swiss ball under physiotherapist supervision for 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Swiss Ball Exercise Training |
| Kinesthetic Training Group | Active comparator | Participants in this group will receive kinesthetic training focused on proprioception, postural control, sensory feedback, balance retraining, and functional mobility enhancement. The intervention will include weight-shifting activities, balance exercises, gait training, and motor control exercises supervised by physiotherapists for 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Kinesthetic Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) will be used to assess static and dynamic balance in chronic stroke patients. It consists of 14 functional tasks such as sitting, standing, turning, and reaching activities. Each item is scored from 0 to 4, with a maximum total score of 56. Higher scores indicate better balance and lower risk of falls. The BBS is a reliable and validated tool widely used in stroke rehabilitation to evaluate postural control and functional balance.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention after 6 weeks of treatment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 May 2026
- Study start7 May 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion27 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Chronic Stroke PatientStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Nisha Fazal
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Nisha Fazal, University of Lahore
- Investigators
- Nisha Fazal, MSPTN, Principal investigator, The University of Lahore, Lahore
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07587463
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 70177165
- Acronym
- Not any
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 7 May 2026
- Last updated
- 20 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of Swiss Ball Exercises Versus Kinesthetic Training for Improving Balance and Functional Mobility in Chronic Stroke Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07587463
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Not any / 70177165
- Conditions
- Chronic Stroke Patient
- Keywords
- Chronic Stroke, Swiss Ball Exercises, Kinesthetic Training, Balance Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Nisha FazalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 May 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 27 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 14 May 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability and commonly results in impaired balance, reduced trunk control, and difficulty in functional mobility. Chronic stroke patients often experience limitations in daily activities due to poor postural stability and decreased motor coordination. Various rehabilitation approaches are used to improve balance and mobility, among which Swiss ball exercises and kinesthetic training are considered beneficial interventions.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of Swiss ball exercises versus kinesthetic training in improving balance and functional mobility in patients with chronic stroke. A total of 36 participants diagnosed with chronic stroke for more than six months will be recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. Group A will receive Swiss ball exercises focusing on trunk stability, coordination, and balance control, while Group B will receive kinesthetic training aimed at improving proprioception, sensory feedback, and motor control.
The intervention program will continue for 8 weeks under the supervision of qualified physiotherapists in the Physiotherapy Department of Shalimar Health Centre. Balance and functional mobility will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.
This study aims to determine which intervention is more effective in enhancing balance and mobility in chronic stroke patients and may help improve rehabilitation strategies for stroke recovery.
Detailed description
Stroke commonly leads to long-term physical impairments including poor balance, impaired proprioception, decreased trunk stability, and reduced functional mobility. These deficits negatively affect independence in activities of daily living and increase the risk of falls in chronic stroke patients. Rehabilitation strategies focusing on balance retraining and motor control are essential for improving functional outcomes and quality of life.
Swiss ball exercises are widely used in neurorehabilitation to improve trunk control, postural stability, coordination, and balance through unstable surface training. These exercises stimulate core muscle activation and enhance neuromuscular control during functional movements. On the other hand, kinesthetic training focuses on proprioceptive input, sensory feedback, motor relearning, and coordinated movement patterns to improve postural control and mobility.
Although both treatment approaches have shown beneficial effects in stroke rehabilitation, limited evidence is available comparing their effectiveness specifically in chronic stroke patients. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial aims to compare the efficacy of Swiss ball exercises and kinesthetic training in improving balance and functional mobility among individuals with chronic stroke.
A total of 36 participants meeting the eligibility criteria will be recruited from the Physiotherapy Department of Shalimar Health Centre. Participants will be randomly allocated into two equal groups using computerized randomization. Group A will receive a structured Swiss ball exercise program, while Group B will receive kinesthetic training exercises. Both intervention protocols will be supervised by qualified physiotherapists and conducted for 8 weeks.
Outcome measures will include the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for assessment of balance and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for assessment of functional mobility. Measurements will be recorded at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. Data collection will be performed by an assessor blinded to group allocation to minimize assessment bias.
The findings of this study may provide evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of Swiss ball exercises and kinesthetic training and may assist physiotherapists in selecting appropriate rehabilitation interventions for chronic stroke patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| group A Swiss Ball Exercise Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Swiss Ball Exercise TrainingParticipants in this group will receive a structured Swiss ball exercise program designed to improve balance, trunk control, coordination, and functional mobility in chronic stroke patients. The intervention will include progressive sitting, standing, weight-shifting, bridging, and dynamic balance exercises performed using a Swiss ball under physiotherapist supervision for 8 weeks. |
| Kinesthetic Training Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Kinesthetic TrainingParticipants in this group will receive kinesthetic training focused on proprioception, postural control, sensory feedback, balance retraining, and functional mobility enhancement. The intervention will include weight-shifting activities, balance exercises, gait training, and motor control exercises supervised by physiotherapists for 8 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 45 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Patients diagnosed with stroke for past 6 or more then 6 months both sides (R, L).
- Age: 45-65 years . Absence of cognitive impairment ( Mini Mental State Examination Score >23). Able to follow 3 step command. Medically stable. Both genders. Who can manage to come to the medical centre. Who score 21-50 on berg balance scale (BBS). Able to participate in the exercise program. Who don't have any cardiovascular or musculoskeletal problem.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Cognitive impairment hindering performance. Other neurological problems. Acute or subacute stroke. Impair vision without correction. Other health problem ( cardiovascular, DM etc). Pain during standing or walking. Lake the ability to participate.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Swiss Ball Exercise TrainingParticipants assigned to this intervention will perform a progressive Swiss ball exercise program aimed at improving trunk stability, postural control, balance, coordination, and functional mobility in chronic stroke patients. The intervention includes sitting balance activities, pelvic tilts, bridging exercises, dynamic reaching tasks, weight-shifting activities, wall squats, and gait-related exercises using a Swiss ball. Exercises will be supervised by qualified physiotherapists and performed over an 8-week treatment period with gradual progression in difficulty. | Behavioural | group A Swiss Ball Exercise Group |
| Kinesthetic TrainingParticipants assigned to this intervention will receive kinesthetic training focused on improving proprioception, sensory feedback, postural stability, motor control, and functional mobility. The program includes static and dynamic balance activities, weight-shifting exercises, tandem standing, gait training, obstacle navigation, dual-task activities, and proprioceptive exercises performed under physiotherapist supervision. The intervention will be conducted progressively over 8 weeks according to participant performance and tolerance. | Behavioural | Kinesthetic Training Group |
Primary outcome
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention after 6 weeks of treatment
The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) will be used to assess static and dynamic balance in chronic stroke patients. It consists of 14 functional tasks such as sitting, standing, turning, and reaching activities. Each item is scored from 0 to 4, with a maximum total score of 56. Higher scores indicate better balance and lower risk of falls. The BBS is a reliable and validated tool widely used in stroke rehabilitation to evaluate postural control and functional balance.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 May 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Nisha Fazal, MSPTN principal investigator
The University of Lahore, Lahore
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Swiss Ball Exercise Training and Kinesthetic Training in people with Chronic Stroke Patient, run by Nisha Fazal at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Nisha Fazal, MSPTN (03220000138, nishafazal38@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention after 6 weeks of treatment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 May 2026.