Swimming KinematicsNCT07554248
Effects of Low-Intensity Technical Tethered Swimming on Front Crawl Kinematics in Adolescent Swimmers
A study testing Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming and Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl Swimming in people with Swimming Kinematics and Front Crawl Technique, run by Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education at 1 site in Poland.
Trial summary
This study evaluated the acute effects of two low-intensity front crawl training conditions on swimming kinematics in adolescent swimmers. After a standardized warm-up, participants performed either low-intensity tethered front crawl or low-intensity free-swimming front crawl. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 14 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Swimming Kinematics, Front Crawl Technique, Swimming Technique
- What is being tested?
- Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming and Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl Swimming
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePoland
- Study dates
- 14 Jun 2024to 21 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 14 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Competitive adolescent swimmers from a local sports club
- Regular swimming training history since approximately 9-10 years of age
- Current training frequency of approximately 7-8 sessions per week
- Regular participation in national-level swimming competitions
- At least 2 years of regular swimming training experience
- Ability to complete the study procedures, including low-intensity front crawl conditions and accelerometer-based measurement
Who cannot join
- Current injury or musculoskeletal condition preventing participation
- Failure to meet the required age criteria
- Less than 2 years of regular swimming training experience
- Inability to complete the study procedures
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Poland1 site
Swimming Pool at Koncertowa 4
Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, 02-785
About this study
Official title: Effect of Low-Intensity Technical Tethered Swimming Training on Front Crawl Kinematics in Adolescent Swimmers
This study evaluated the acute effects of two low-intensity front crawl training conditions on swimming kinematics in adolescent swimmers. After a standardized warm-up, participants performed either low-intensity tethered front crawl or low-intensity free-swimming front crawl. Kinematic measurements were obtained immediately after task completion using an accelerometer. One week later, the final exercise condition was rotated between groups so that both groups completed both training conditions.
Read the detailed description
This study investigated the effects of two low-intensity front crawl training conditions on swimming kinematics in adolescent swimmers. All participants completed the same standardized warm-up protocol. After the warm-up, Group A performed 6 × 10 cycles of low-intensity tethered front crawl with 10-second rest intervals between sets, while Group B performed 6 × 50 m of low-intensity front crawl starting every 60 seconds. During both exercise conditions, participants were instructed to focus on stroke length and correct body position in the water.
- Being tested
- Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming, Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl Swimming
- Keywords
- tethered swimming, front crawl, swimming kinematics, adolescent swimmers, accelerometer, swimming technique
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl SwimmingBehavioural
Participants performed 6 × 10 cycles of low-intensity front crawl while tethered, with 10-second rest intervals between sets. During the exercise, participants were instructed to focus on stroke length and correct body position in the water.
Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl SwimmingBehavioural
Participants performed 6 × 50 m of low-intensity front crawl, starting every 60 seconds. During the exercise, participants were instructed to focus on stroke length and correct body position in the water.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence A | Experimental | Participants completed low-intensity tethered front crawl in the first session and low-intensity free front crawl in the second session, one week later. Receives: Behavioral: Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming; Behavioral: Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl Swimming |
| Sequence B | Experimental | Participants completed low-intensity free front crawl in the first session and low-intensity tethered front crawl in the second session, one week later. Receives: Behavioral: Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming; Behavioral: Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl Swimming |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Front Crawl Kinematic Variables Measured by Accelerometer
ront crawl kinematic variables were assessed with an accelerometer during each 50 m front crawl trial performed after the assigned exercise condition. Variables included body roll (maximum angular velocity around the vertical axis [ωmaxR] and maximum pelvic tilt angle around the vertical axis [AmaxR]), yaw rotation (maximum angular velocity around the sagittal axis [ωmaxY] and acceleration along the transverse axis [atmax]), pitch rotation (maximum angular velocity around the transverse axis [ωmaxP] and acceleration along the sagittal axis [asmax]), and progressive movement (maximum acceleration along the vertical axis [avmax]).
Measured: Baseline and 1 week
Secondary outcomes (2)
Time to Achieve 50 m
Time required to complete 50 m front crawl, expressed in seconds.
Measured: Baseline and 1 week
Stroke Length
Stroke length during front crawl, expressed in meters.
Measured: Baseline and 1 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Apr 2026
- Study start14 Jun 2024
- Primary completion21 Jun 2024
- Study completion21 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Swimming KinematicsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Participants completed two low-intensity front crawl conditions in a crossover design. After a standardized warm-up, Group A performed tethered front crawl and Group B performed free-swimming front crawl. One week later, the final exercise condition was rotated between groups so that both groups completed both intervention conditions.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07554248
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SKE 01-31/2023
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 28 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared. Processed and aggregated research data used for analysis may be shared separately in a public repository.
Publications
Skorulski M, Kulis S, Olszewska M, Gajewski J. Acute kinematic changes following low-intensity tethered swimming as a constraints-led priming strategy in competitive swimmers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jul 27;18(1):516. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01896-2.
PubMed 42907917
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Low-Intensity Technical Tethered Swimming Training on Front Crawl Kinematics in Adolescent Swimmers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07554248
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SKE 01-31/2023
- Keywords
- tethered swimming, front crawl, swimming kinematics, adolescent swimmers, accelerometer, swimming technique
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical EducationUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 14 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluated the acute effects of two low-intensity front crawl training conditions on swimming kinematics in adolescent swimmers. After a standardized warm-up, participants performed either low-intensity tethered front crawl or low-intensity free-swimming front crawl. Kinematic measurements were obtained immediately after task completion using an accelerometer. One week later, the final exercise condition was rotated between groups so that both groups completed both training conditions.
Detailed description
This study investigated the effects of two low-intensity front crawl training conditions on swimming kinematics in adolescent swimmers. All participants completed the same standardized warm-up protocol. After the warm-up, Group A performed 6 × 10 cycles of low-intensity tethered front crawl with 10-second rest intervals between sets, while Group B performed 6 × 50 m of low-intensity front crawl starting every 60 seconds. During both exercise conditions, participants were instructed to focus on stroke length and correct body position in the water.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants completed two low-intensity front crawl conditions in a crossover design. After a standardized warm-up, Group A performed tethered front crawl and Group B performed free-swimming front crawl. One week later, the final exercise condition was rotated between groups so that both groups completed both intervention conditions.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence A | Experimental | Behavioral: Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming, Behavioral: Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl SwimmingParticipants completed low-intensity tethered front crawl in the first session and low-intensity free front crawl in the second session, one week later. |
| Sequence B | Experimental | Behavioral: Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming, Behavioral: Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl SwimmingParticipants completed low-intensity free front crawl in the first session and low-intensity tethered front crawl in the second session, one week later. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 14 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Competitive adolescent swimmers from a local sports club
- Regular swimming training history since approximately 9-10 years of age
- Current training frequency of approximately 7-8 sessions per week
- Regular participation in national-level swimming competitions
- At least 2 years of regular swimming training experience
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Current injury or musculoskeletal condition preventing participation
- Failure to meet the required age criteria
- Less than 2 years of regular swimming training experience
- Inability to complete the study procedures
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl SwimmingParticipants performed 6 × 10 cycles of low-intensity front crawl while tethered, with 10-second rest intervals between sets. During the exercise, participants were instructed to focus on stroke length and correct body position in the water. | Behavioural | Sequence A, Sequence B |
| Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl SwimmingParticipants performed 6 × 50 m of low-intensity front crawl, starting every 60 seconds. During the exercise, participants were instructed to focus on stroke length and correct body position in the water. | Behavioural | Sequence A, Sequence B |
Primary outcome
Front Crawl Kinematic Variables Measured by Accelerometer
Time frame: Baseline and 1 week
ront crawl kinematic variables were assessed with an accelerometer during each 50 m front crawl trial performed after the assigned exercise condition. Variables included body roll (maximum angular velocity around the vertical axis [ωmaxR] and maximum pelvic tilt angle around the vertical axis [AmaxR]), yaw rotation (maximum angular velocity around the sagittal axis [ωmaxY] and acceleration along the transverse axis [atmax]), pitch rotation (maximum angular velocity around the transverse axis [ωmaxP] and acceleration along the sagittal axis [asmax]), and progressive movement (maximum acceleration along the vertical axis [avmax]).
2 secondary outcomes
Time to Achieve 50 m
Time frame: Baseline and 1 week
Stroke Length
Time frame: Baseline and 1 week
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Apr 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42907917Skorulski M, Kulis S, Olszewska M, Gajewski J. Acute kinematic changes following low-intensity tethered swimming as a constraints-led priming strategy in competitive swimmers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jul 27;18(1):516. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01896-2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared. Processed and aggregated research data used for analysis may be shared separately in a public repository.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Low-Intensity Tethered Front Crawl Swimming and Low-Intensity Free Front Crawl Swimming in people with Swimming Kinematics and Front Crawl Technique, run by Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education at 1 site in Poland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Poland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Front Crawl Kinematic Variables Measured by Accelerometer (time frame: Baseline and 1 week). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07554248, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Apr 2026.