Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program EducationNCT07544186
Effect of a Non-pharmacological Intervention on Endothelial Function, Body Composition, and Physical Functionality in Recovered COVID-19 Patients.
A study testing L-citrulline supplementation in people with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education and Post COVID Syndrome, run by Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias at 1 site in Mexico.
Trial summary
This study aims to evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological treatment (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function, body composition, and physical functionality in recovered COVID-19 patients. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education, Post COVID Syndrome, Endothelial Function
- What is being tested?
- L-citrulline supplementation
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 43 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMexico
- Study dates
- 9 Nov 2020to 10 Aug 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Recovered COVID-19 patients with a negative PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.
- Subjects between 40 and 80 years.
- Subjects who give written informed consent to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Subjects diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
- Subjects diagnosed with cancer.
- Subjects with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30 ml/min/1.73 m².
- Subjects currently enrolled in another interventional study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of a Non-pharmacological Intervention (Nutritional Therapy and Pulmonary Rehabilitation) on Endothelial Function, Body Composition, and Physical Functionality in Recovered COVID-19 Patients.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological treatment (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function, body composition, and physical functionality in recovered COVID-19 patients.
The primary research question is: What is the effect of a non-pharmacological treatment (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function, body composition, and physical capacity in recovered COVID-19 patients, compared to those receiving conventional medical management? A nutritional treatment combined with L-citrulline supplementation (intervention group) will be compared against conventional treatment alone (control group). Both groups will undergo pulmonary rehabilitation for a 3-month follow-up.
Read more
Subjects assigned to the intervention group will be required to:
- Take 4 g of L-citrulline daily for 3 months.
- Attend an interim session at 1.5 months for review of the nutritional treatment and supplementation.
- Keep a record of each supplement intake.
Read the detailed description
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a global public health crisis that has resulted in severe complications and death in more than 500,000 individuals worldwide.
The risk factors for severe COVID-19 include age over 70 years, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, coronary artery disease, and obesity, which have been associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED). The coexistence of chronic non-communicable diseases significantly exacerbates the inflammatory response, increasing the risk of adverse events and poor prognosis. Similarly, a high probability of cardiovascular diseases in subjects is at elevated risk of severe COVID-19, due to the overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In addition, in our country, the leading causes of death are related to metabolic diseases: 19% of men and women between the ages of 30 and 69 die from cardiovascular diseases, with diabetes ranking as the second leading cause of death. Furthermore, 76.6% of the population is overweight or obese, and 25.5% has hypertension, factors that render our population particularly susceptible to moderate to severe COVID-19.
Moreover, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have primarily focused on the acute phase of infection. However, it is essential to implement treatment protocols, including pulmonary rehabilitation and nutritional therapy with citrulline supplementation or immunonutrients with anti-inflammatory properties, to prevent Post-Intensive Care Syndrome, reduce systemic inflammation, and improve endothelial function. These interventions may collectively enhance protein synthesis, attenuate muscle mass loss, and promote patient autonomy, functional recovery, and overall quality of life.
Post-COVID-19 syndrome Post-COVID-19 syndrome has been defined as the persistence of symptoms and/or delayed long-term remission of complications arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection, occurring beyond 4 weeks after initial symptom onset.
Nutritional supplementation L-citrulline L-Citrulline is a non-essential, water-soluble alpha-amino acid and a potent endogenous precursor of L-arginine, which increases the bioavailability of NO. In endothelial cells, NO is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase, yielding NO and L-citrulline.
Endothelial dysfunction ED is a systemic condition in which the endothelium loses its physiological properties, including vascular permeability, vascular tone regulation, and neutrophil recruitment, thereby promoting a prothrombotic, proinflammatory, and pro-oxidant state.
General objective:
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function, body composition, and physical functionality in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Specific objectives:
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on body composition in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on physical functionality in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on quality of life in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Secondary objectives:
To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in recovered COVID-19 patients. To describe cardiovascular alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients. To describe alterations in body composition in recovered COVID-19 patients. To describe metabolic alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients. To evaluate the effect of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on muscle strength in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the effect of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on pulmonary function in recovered COVID-19 patients.
- Conditions
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education, Post COVID Syndrome, Endothelial Function
- Being tested
- L-citrulline supplementation
- Keywords
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome, Endothelial function, Body composition, L-citrulline, Physical functionality
- Medical subject headings
- Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
L-citrulline supplementationDietary supplement
Subjects allocated to the intervention group receive 4 grams of L-citrulline supplementation daily, combined with nutritional therapy, over a 3-month period.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group. | Experimental | Intervention group: Subjects will receive conventional medical and nutritional treatment supplemented with 4 g/day L-citrulline supplementation for 3 months, as well as a home-based PR program prescribed by a rehabilitation physician according to each patient's individual needs and physical capacity, specifically for those whose clinical condition does not require attending in-person PR sessions three times per week at INER. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and 3 months. Receives: Dietary Supplement: L-citrulline supplementation |
| Control group. | No intervention | Control group: Subjects will receive conventional medical and nutritional treatment, as well as a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program prescribed by a rehabilitation physician according to each patient's individual needs and physical capacity, specifically for those whose clinical condition does not require attending in-person PR sessions three times per week at INER. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, and 3 months. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Endothelial disfunction markers
E-Selectin, ng/ml was
Serum nitric oxide concentration was assessed indirectly through the enzymatic conversion of nitrate to nitrite (pg/ml). sE-Selectin (ng/ml) and Endothelin-1 (ng/ml) levels were measured using a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (R\&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA).
ICAM-1 (ng/mg of protein )and VCAM-1 (ng/mg of protein) was assessed using a method is the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Measured: 3 months
Body composition
Body composition was measured using whole-body electrical bioimpedance with RJL Systems Quantum single-frequency. Weight was expressed in kilograms, fat-mass in percentage, phase angle in grades, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in kg/m2.
Measured: 3 months
Physical functionality
Handgrip strength was measured using a mechanical Smedley Hand Dynamometer, this outcome measure was expressed in kilograms.
Exercise tolerance was evaluated using a six-minute walk test, the distance covered was expressed in meters. Pulmonary rehabilitation: static and dynamic balance, gait, fall risk, cognitive function, peripheral strength assessed by manual muscle testing, quality of life, anxiety and depression screening, and perceived disability. The results were presented in scores obtained for each test.
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Apr 2026
- Study start9 Nov 2020
- Primary completion11 Nov 2022
- Study completion10 Aug 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- An open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 43 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dulce González Islas, PhD, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07544186
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- C71-20
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 7 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 22 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV, McGroder C, Stevens JS, Cook JR, Nordvig AS, Shalev D, Sehrawat TS, Ahluwalia N, Bikdeli B, Dietz D, Der-Nigoghossian C, Liyanage-Don N, Rosner GF, Bernstein EJ, Mohan S, Beckley AA, Seres DS, Choueiri TK, Uriel N, Ausiello JC, Accili D, Freedberg DE, Baldwin M, Schwartz A, Brodie D, Garcia CK, Elkind MSV, Connors JM, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW, Wan EY. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med. 2021 Apr;27(4):601-615. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
PubMed 33753937Huertas A, Montani D, Savale L, Pichon J, Tu L, Parent F, Guignabert C, Humbert M. Endothelial cell dysfunction: a major player in SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)? Eur Respir J. 2020 Jul 30;56(1):2001634. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01634-2020. Print 2020 Jul.
PubMed 32554538Allerton TD, Proctor DN, Stephens JM, Dugas TR, Spielmann G, Irving BA. l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients. 2018 Jul 19;10(7):921. doi: 10.3390/nu10070921.
PubMed 30029482Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
PubMed 32171076Chen L, Hao G. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2020 Oct 1;116(12):1932-1936. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa093.
PubMed 32267499Del Turco S, Vianello A, Ragusa R, Caselli C, Basta G. COVID-19 and cardiovascular consequences: Is the endothelial dysfunction the hardest challenge? Thromb Res. 2020 Dec;196:143-151. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.039. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
PubMed 32871306Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Nota técnica: Estadística de Defunciones Registradas 2020 [Internet]. Aguascalientes: INEGI; 2021 Disponible en: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/edr/doc/defunciones_registradas_2020_nota_tecnica.pdf
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of a Non-pharmacological Intervention (Nutritional Therapy and Pulmonary Rehabilitation) on Endothelial Function, Body Composition, and Physical Functionality in Recovered COVID-19 Patients.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07544186
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- C71-20
- Conditions
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education, Post COVID Syndrome, Endothelial Function
- Keywords
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome, Endothelial function, Body composition, L-citrulline, Physical functionality
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 43 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades RespiratoriasOther government
- Study start
- 9 Nov 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 11 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Aug 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological treatment (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function, body composition, and physical functionality in recovered COVID-19 patients.
The primary research question is: What is the effect of a non-pharmacological treatment (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function, body composition, and physical capacity in recovered COVID-19 patients, compared to those receiving conventional medical management? A nutritional treatment combined with L-citrulline supplementation (intervention group) will be compared against conventional treatment alone (control group). Both groups will undergo pulmonary rehabilitation for a 3-month follow-up.
Subjects assigned to the intervention group will be required to:
- Take 4 g of L-citrulline daily for 3 months.
- Attend an interim session at 1.5 months for review of the nutritional treatment and supplementation.
- Keep a record of each supplement intake.
Detailed description
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a global public health crisis that has resulted in severe complications and death in more than 500,000 individuals worldwide.
The risk factors for severe COVID-19 include age over 70 years, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, coronary artery disease, and obesity, which have been associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED). The coexistence of chronic non-communicable diseases significantly exacerbates the inflammatory response, increasing the risk of adverse events and poor prognosis. Similarly, a high probability of cardiovascular diseases in subjects is at elevated risk of severe COVID-19, due to the overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In addition, in our country, the leading causes of death are related to metabolic diseases: 19% of men and women between the ages of 30 and 69 die from cardiovascular diseases, with diabetes ranking as the second leading cause of death. Furthermore, 76.6% of the population is overweight or obese, and 25.5% has hypertension, factors that render our population particularly susceptible to moderate to severe COVID-19.
Moreover, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have primarily focused on the acute phase of infection. However, it is essential to implement treatment protocols, including pulmonary rehabilitation and nutritional therapy with citrulline supplementation or immunonutrients with anti-inflammatory properties, to prevent Post-Intensive Care Syndrome, reduce systemic inflammation, and improve endothelial function. These interventions may collectively enhance protein synthesis, attenuate muscle mass loss, and promote patient autonomy, functional recovery, and overall quality of life.
Post-COVID-19 syndrome Post-COVID-19 syndrome has been defined as the persistence of symptoms and/or delayed long-term remission of complications arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection, occurring beyond 4 weeks after initial symptom onset.
Nutritional supplementation L-citrulline L-Citrulline is a non-essential, water-soluble alpha-amino acid and a potent endogenous precursor of L-arginine, which increases the bioavailability of NO. In endothelial cells, NO is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase, yielding NO and L-citrulline.
Endothelial dysfunction ED is a systemic condition in which the endothelium loses its physiological properties, including vascular permeability, vascular tone regulation, and neutrophil recruitment, thereby promoting a prothrombotic, proinflammatory, and pro-oxidant state.
General objective:
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function, body composition, and physical functionality in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Specific objectives:
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on endothelial function in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on body composition in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on physical functionality in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the impact of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on quality of life in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Secondary objectives:
To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in recovered COVID-19 patients. To describe cardiovascular alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients. To describe alterations in body composition in recovered COVID-19 patients. To describe metabolic alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients. To evaluate the effect of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on muscle strength in recovered COVID-19 patients.
To evaluate the effect of a non-pharmacological intervention (nutritional therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation) on pulmonary function in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- An open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group. | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: L-citrulline supplementationIntervention group: Subjects will receive conventional medical and nutritional treatment supplemented with 4 g/day L-citrulline supplementation for 3 months, as well as a home-based PR program prescribed by a rehabilitation physician according to each patient's individual needs and physical capacity, specifically for those whose clinical condition does not require attending in-person PR sessions three times per week at INER. Assessments will be conducted at baseline and 3 months. |
| Control group. | No intervention | –Control group: Subjects will receive conventional medical and nutritional treatment, as well as a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program prescribed by a rehabilitation physician according to each patient's individual needs and physical capacity, specifically for those whose clinical condition does not require attending in-person PR sessions three times per week at INER. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, and 3 months. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Recovered COVID-19 patients with a negative PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.
- Subjects between 40 and 80 years.
- Subjects who give written informed consent to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Subjects diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
- Subjects diagnosed with cancer.
- Subjects with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30 ml/min/1.73 m².
- Subjects currently enrolled in another interventional study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| L-citrulline supplementationSubjects allocated to the intervention group receive 4 grams of L-citrulline supplementation daily, combined with nutritional therapy, over a 3-month period. | Dietary supplement | Intervention group. |
Primary outcome
Endothelial disfunction markers
Time frame: 3 months
E-Selectin, ng/ml was Serum nitric oxide concentration was assessed indirectly through the enzymatic conversion of nitrate to nitrite (pg/ml). sE-Selectin (ng/ml) and Endothelin-1 (ng/ml) levels were measured using a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (R\&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). ICAM-1 (ng/mg of protein )and VCAM-1 (ng/mg of protein) was assessed using a method is the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Body composition
Time frame: 3 months
Body composition was measured using whole-body electrical bioimpedance with RJL Systems Quantum single-frequency. Weight was expressed in kilograms, fat-mass in percentage, phase angle in grades, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in kg/m2.
Physical functionality
Time frame: 3 months
Handgrip strength was measured using a mechanical Smedley Hand Dynamometer, this outcome measure was expressed in kilograms. Exercise tolerance was evaluated using a six-minute walk test, the distance covered was expressed in meters. Pulmonary rehabilitation: static and dynamic balance, gait, fall risk, cognitive function, peripheral strength assessed by manual muscle testing, quality of life, anxiety and depression screening, and perceived disability. The results were presented in scores obtained for each test.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Apr 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33753937Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV, McGroder C, Stevens JS, Cook JR, Nordvig AS, Shalev D, Sehrawat TS, Ahluwalia N, Bikdeli B, Dietz D, Der-Nigoghossian C, Liyanage-Don N, Rosner GF, Bernstein EJ, Mohan S, Beckley AA, Seres DS, Choueiri TK, Uriel N, Ausiello JC, Accili D, Freedberg DE, Baldwin M, Schwartz A, Brodie D, Garcia CK, Elkind MSV, Connors JM, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW, Wan EY. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med. 2021 Apr;27(4):601-615. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
- Background: PubMed 32554538Huertas A, Montani D, Savale L, Pichon J, Tu L, Parent F, Guignabert C, Humbert M. Endothelial cell dysfunction: a major player in SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)? Eur Respir J. 2020 Jul 30;56(1):2001634. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01634-2020. Print 2020 Jul.
- Background: PubMed 30029482Allerton TD, Proctor DN, Stephens JM, Dugas TR, Spielmann G, Irving BA. l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients. 2018 Jul 19;10(7):921. doi: 10.3390/nu10070921.
- Background: PubMed 32171076Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
- Background: PubMed 32267499Chen L, Hao G. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2020 Oct 1;116(12):1932-1936. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa093.
- Background: PubMed 32871306Del Turco S, Vianello A, Ragusa R, Caselli C, Basta G. COVID-19 and cardiovascular consequences: Is the endothelial dysfunction the hardest challenge? Thromb Res. 2020 Dec;196:143-151. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.039. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
- BackgroundInstituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Nota técnica: Estadística de Defunciones Registradas 2020 [Internet]. Aguascalientes: INEGI; 2021 Disponible en: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/edr/doc/defunciones_registradas_2020_nota_tecnica.pdf
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing L-citrulline supplementation in people with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education and Post COVID Syndrome, run by Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias at 1 site in Mexico.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Mexico. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Endothelial disfunction markers (time frame: 3 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07544186, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Apr 2026.