Stroboscopic Visual TrainingEffects of SVTNCT07542457
Effects of SVT on Balance and Proprioception
A study testing Stroboscopic visual training in people with Stroboscopic Visual Training and Proprioception, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study was conducted to scientifically investigate the effects of a training program utilizing stroboscopic glasses on balance and proprioceptive performance in adolescent male volleyball players. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 18 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroboscopic Visual Training, Proprioception, Balance
- What is being tested?
- Stroboscopic visual training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 30 Jun 2025to 30 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 18 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- To have been a licensed volleyball player for at least one year.
- To participate in a regular training program at least twice per week.
Who cannot join
- A history of epilepsy, migraine, or photosensitive reactions.
- To have undergone a surgical procedure involving the upper or lower extremity within the past year.
- To have an acute injury that would prevent compliance with the tests.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi
Adapazarı, Sakarya, 54400
About this study
Official title: Effects of Stroboscopic Visual Training on Balance and Proprioception in Adolescent Male Volleyball Players: A Controlled Study
This study was conducted to scientifically investigate the effects of a training program utilizing stroboscopic glasses on balance and proprioceptive performance in adolescent male volleyball players. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and a pre-test-post-test experimental design with a control group was employed to rigorously examine the cause-effect relationships between variables.
The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent male volleyball players aged between 12 and 18 years. Inclusion criteria required participants to have been licensed volleyball players for at least one year and to be regularly engaged in training sessions at least twice per week. To ensure objectivity, participants were randomly assigned, using a computer-based randomization method, into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15).
Read more
The experimental intervention lasted six weeks and was specifically designed to complement volleyball-specific technical training. Both groups participated in training sessions twice per week, at the same time of day and with identical training volumes. Within the stroboscopic visual stimulus protocol, athletes in the experimental group used stroboscopic glasses continuously for a total of 2.5 minutes during each training session. This 150-second exposure was determined to encourage athletes to rely more heavily on proprioceptive and vestibular mechanisms under conditions of reduced visual input. The glasses, equipped with LED-filtered lenses that alternated between transparent and opaque states at specific frequencies, manipulated the transmission of visual information to the central nervous system, thereby forcing athletes to maintain motor control with limited visual input. In contrast, the control group completed the same 2.5-minute segment and the entire training protocol under normal visual conditions, without any visual restriction.
All training sessions were conducted in an indoor sports facility under the supervision of an experienced coach, ensuring a controlled environment free from external disturbances. Athletes' fatigue levels, adherence to the protocol, and overall health status were monitored on a session-by-session basis. Following the completion of the six-week intervention, both groups underwent post-intervention assessments to determine the effects of the training program on performance parameters.
Dynamic balance performance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, a widely accepted and validated assessment tool in the literature. During testing, participants performed barefoot while maintaining single-leg stance on the dominant limb and reaching as far as possible with the contralateral limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The best score from three trials in each direction was recorded. All reach distances were normalized to limb length to minimize the influence of anthropometric differences.
Proprioception was assessed through joint position sense and movement perception tests. During these assessments, participants' vision was occluded to eliminate visual input and isolate somatosensory function. The extremity was passively positioned at predetermined target angles by the researcher, and participants were then asked to actively reproduce the same position. The absolute angular difference between the target and reproduced positions was measured in degrees using a goniometer and recorded as the "proprioceptive error score."
Data collection was completed in two phases: baseline measurements conducted prior to the intervention (pre-test) and follow-up measurements performed after the six-week training program (post-test).
The findings of this study indicate that conventional volleyball training significantly improves both static and dynamic balance performance. However, stroboscopic visual training appears to produce more pronounced and selective improvements in proprioceptive awareness. These results suggest that, rather than directly enhancing overall performance outcomes, stroboscopic training may serve as an effective tool for targeting sensory-motor subcomponents that underpin athletic performance.
Read the detailed description
This study was conducted to scientifically investigate the effects of a training program utilizing stroboscopic glasses on balance and proprioceptive performance in adolescent male volleyball players. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and a pre-test-post-test experimental design with a control group was employed to rigorously examine the cause-effect relationships between variables.
The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent male volleyball players aged between 12 and 18 years. Inclusion criteria required participants to have been licensed volleyball players for at least one year and to be regularly engaged in training sessions at least twice per week. To ensure objectivity, participants were randomly assigned, using a computer-based randomization method, into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15).
The experimental intervention lasted six weeks and was specifically designed to complement volleyball-specific technical training. Both groups participated in training sessions twice per week, at the same time of day and with identical training volumes. Within the stroboscopic visual stimulus protocol, athletes in the experimental group used stroboscopic glasses continuously for a total of 2.5 minutes during each training session. This 150-second exposure was determined to encourage athletes to rely more heavily on proprioceptive and vestibular mechanisms under conditions of reduced visual input. The glasses, equipped with LED-filtered lenses that alternated between transparent and opaque states at specific frequencies, manipulated the transmission of visual information to the central nervous system, thereby forcing athletes to maintain motor control with limited visual input. In contrast, the control group completed the same 2.5-minute segment and the entire training protocol under normal visual conditions, without any visual restriction.
All training sessions were conducted in an indoor sports facility under the supervision of an experienced coach, ensuring a controlled environment free from external disturbances. Athletes' fatigue levels, adherence to the protocol, and overall health status were monitored on a session-by-session basis. Following the completion of the six-week intervention, both groups underwent post-intervention assessments to determine the effects of the training program on performance parameters.
Dynamic balance performance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, a widely accepted and validated assessment tool in the literature. During testing, participants performed barefoot while maintaining single-leg stance on the dominant limb and reaching as far as possible with the contralateral limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The best score from three trials in each direction was recorded. All reach distances were normalized to limb length to minimize the influence of anthropometric differences.
Proprioception was assessed through joint position sense and movement perception tests. During these assessments, participants' vision was occluded to eliminate visual input and isolate somatosensory function. The extremity was passively positioned at predetermined target angles by the researcher, and participants were then asked to actively reproduce the same position. The absolute angular difference between the target and reproduced positions was measured in degrees using a goniometer and recorded as the "proprioceptive error score."
Data collection was completed in two phases: baseline measurements conducted prior to the intervention (pre-test) and follow-up measurements performed after the six-week training program (post-test).
The findings of this study indicate that conventional volleyball training significantly improves both static and dynamic balance performance. However, stroboscopic visual training appears to produce more pronounced and selective improvements in proprioceptive awareness. These results suggest that, rather than directly enhancing overall performance outcomes, stroboscopic training may serve as an effective tool for targeting sensory-motor subcomponents that underpin athletic performance.
- Conditions
- Stroboscopic Visual Training, Proprioception, Balance, Volleyball
- Being tested
- Stroboscopic visual training, control group C
- Keywords
- Volleyball, Stroboscopic visual training, Balance, Proprioception
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Stroboscopic visual trainingOther
Volleyball training was conducted using stroboscopic glasses.
control group COther
The volleyball training program was implemented under normal visual conditions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Stroboscopic visual training | Experimental | Volleyball training sessions were performed with the use of stroboscopic glasses. Receives: Other: Stroboscopic visual training |
| control group | Active comparator | The volleyball training program was implemented under normal visual conditions. Receives: Other: control group C |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Balance
Dynamic balance performance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, a widely accepted and validated assessment tool in the literature. During testing, participants performed barefoot while maintaining single-leg stance on the dominant limb and reaching as far as possible with the contralateral limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The best score from three trials in each direction was recorded. All reach distances were normalized to limb length to minimize the influence of anthropometric differences.
Measured: Dynamic balance was assessed before the exercise program and after the 6-week intervention.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Proprioception
Proprioception was assessed through joint position sense and movement perception tests. During these assessments, participants' vision was occluded to eliminate visual input and isolate somatosensory function. The extremity was passively positioned at predetermined target angles by the researcher, and participants were then asked to actively reproduce the same position. The absolute angular difference between the target and reproduced positions was measured in degrees using a goniometer and recorded as the "proprioceptive error score.
Measured: Proprioception was assessed before the exercise program and after the 6-week intervention.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Apr 2026
- Study start30 Jun 2025
- Primary completion30 Aug 2025
- Study completion30 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Stroboscopic Visual TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hacettepe UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent male volleyball players aged between 12 and 18 years. Inclusion criteria required participants to have been licensed volleyball players for at least one year and to be regularly engaged in training sessions at least twice per week. To ensure objectivity, participants were randomly assigned, using a computer-based randomization method, into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The experimental intervention lasted six weeks and was specifically designed to complement volleyball-specific technical training. Both groups participated in training sessions twice per week, at the same time of day and with identical training volumes. Within the stroboscopic visual stimulus protocol, athletes in the experimental group used stroboscopic glasses continuously for a total of 2.5 minutes during each training session.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Birgül Dıngırdan, Hacettepe University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07542457
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SUBU 6
- Acronym
- Effects of SVT
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 21 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Stroboscopic Visual Training on Balance and Proprioception in Adolescent Male Volleyball Players: A Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07542457
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Effects of SVT / SUBU 6
- Conditions
- Stroboscopic Visual Training, Proprioception, Balance, Volleyball
- Keywords
- Volleyball, Stroboscopic visual training, Balance, Proprioception
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study was conducted to scientifically investigate the effects of a training program utilizing stroboscopic glasses on balance and proprioceptive performance in adolescent male volleyball players. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and a pre-test-post-test experimental design with a control group was employed to rigorously examine the cause-effect relationships between variables.
The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent male volleyball players aged between 12 and 18 years. Inclusion criteria required participants to have been licensed volleyball players for at least one year and to be regularly engaged in training sessions at least twice per week. To ensure objectivity, participants were randomly assigned, using a computer-based randomization method, into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15).
The experimental intervention lasted six weeks and was specifically designed to complement volleyball-specific technical training. Both groups participated in training sessions twice per week, at the same time of day and with identical training volumes. Within the stroboscopic visual stimulus protocol, athletes in the experimental group used stroboscopic glasses continuously for a total of 2.5 minutes during each training session. This 150-second exposure was determined to encourage athletes to rely more heavily on proprioceptive and vestibular mechanisms under conditions of reduced visual input. The glasses, equipped with LED-filtered lenses that alternated between transparent and opaque states at specific frequencies, manipulated the transmission of visual information to the central nervous system, thereby forcing athletes to maintain motor control with limited visual input. In contrast, the control group completed the same 2.5-minute segment and the entire training protocol under normal visual conditions, without any visual restriction.
All training sessions were conducted in an indoor sports facility under the supervision of an experienced coach, ensuring a controlled environment free from external disturbances. Athletes' fatigue levels, adherence to the protocol, and overall health status were monitored on a session-by-session basis. Following the completion of the six-week intervention, both groups underwent post-intervention assessments to determine the effects of the training program on performance parameters.
Dynamic balance performance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, a widely accepted and validated assessment tool in the literature. During testing, participants performed barefoot while maintaining single-leg stance on the dominant limb and reaching as far as possible with the contralateral limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The best score from three trials in each direction was recorded. All reach distances were normalized to limb length to minimize the influence of anthropometric differences.
Proprioception was assessed through joint position sense and movement perception tests. During these assessments, participants' vision was occluded to eliminate visual input and isolate somatosensory function. The extremity was passively positioned at predetermined target angles by the researcher, and participants were then asked to actively reproduce the same position. The absolute angular difference between the target and reproduced positions was measured in degrees using a goniometer and recorded as the "proprioceptive error score."
Data collection was completed in two phases: baseline measurements conducted prior to the intervention (pre-test) and follow-up measurements performed after the six-week training program (post-test).
The findings of this study indicate that conventional volleyball training significantly improves both static and dynamic balance performance. However, stroboscopic visual training appears to produce more pronounced and selective improvements in proprioceptive awareness. These results suggest that, rather than directly enhancing overall performance outcomes, stroboscopic training may serve as an effective tool for targeting sensory-motor subcomponents that underpin athletic performance.
Detailed description
This study was conducted to scientifically investigate the effects of a training program utilizing stroboscopic glasses on balance and proprioceptive performance in adolescent male volleyball players. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and a pre-test-post-test experimental design with a control group was employed to rigorously examine the cause-effect relationships between variables.
The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent male volleyball players aged between 12 and 18 years. Inclusion criteria required participants to have been licensed volleyball players for at least one year and to be regularly engaged in training sessions at least twice per week. To ensure objectivity, participants were randomly assigned, using a computer-based randomization method, into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15).
The experimental intervention lasted six weeks and was specifically designed to complement volleyball-specific technical training. Both groups participated in training sessions twice per week, at the same time of day and with identical training volumes. Within the stroboscopic visual stimulus protocol, athletes in the experimental group used stroboscopic glasses continuously for a total of 2.5 minutes during each training session. This 150-second exposure was determined to encourage athletes to rely more heavily on proprioceptive and vestibular mechanisms under conditions of reduced visual input. The glasses, equipped with LED-filtered lenses that alternated between transparent and opaque states at specific frequencies, manipulated the transmission of visual information to the central nervous system, thereby forcing athletes to maintain motor control with limited visual input. In contrast, the control group completed the same 2.5-minute segment and the entire training protocol under normal visual conditions, without any visual restriction.
All training sessions were conducted in an indoor sports facility under the supervision of an experienced coach, ensuring a controlled environment free from external disturbances. Athletes' fatigue levels, adherence to the protocol, and overall health status were monitored on a session-by-session basis. Following the completion of the six-week intervention, both groups underwent post-intervention assessments to determine the effects of the training program on performance parameters.
Dynamic balance performance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, a widely accepted and validated assessment tool in the literature. During testing, participants performed barefoot while maintaining single-leg stance on the dominant limb and reaching as far as possible with the contralateral limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The best score from three trials in each direction was recorded. All reach distances were normalized to limb length to minimize the influence of anthropometric differences.
Proprioception was assessed through joint position sense and movement perception tests. During these assessments, participants' vision was occluded to eliminate visual input and isolate somatosensory function. The extremity was passively positioned at predetermined target angles by the researcher, and participants were then asked to actively reproduce the same position. The absolute angular difference between the target and reproduced positions was measured in degrees using a goniometer and recorded as the "proprioceptive error score."
Data collection was completed in two phases: baseline measurements conducted prior to the intervention (pre-test) and follow-up measurements performed after the six-week training program (post-test).
The findings of this study indicate that conventional volleyball training significantly improves both static and dynamic balance performance. However, stroboscopic visual training appears to produce more pronounced and selective improvements in proprioceptive awareness. These results suggest that, rather than directly enhancing overall performance outcomes, stroboscopic training may serve as an effective tool for targeting sensory-motor subcomponents that underpin athletic performance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent male volleyball players aged between 12 and 18 years. Inclusion criteria required participants to have been licensed volleyball players for at least one year and to be regularly engaged in training sessions at least twice per week. To ensure objectivity, participants were randomly assigned, using a computer-based randomization method, into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The experimental intervention lasted six weeks and was specifically designed to complement volleyball-specific technical training. Both groups participated in training sessions twice per week, at the same time of day and with identical training volumes. Within the stroboscopic visual stimulus protocol, athletes in the experimental group used stroboscopic glasses continuously for a total of 2.5 minutes during each training session.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Stroboscopic visual training | Experimental | Other: Stroboscopic visual trainingVolleyball training sessions were performed with the use of stroboscopic glasses. |
| control group | Active comparator | Other: control group CThe volleyball training program was implemented under normal visual conditions. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 18 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- To have been a licensed volleyball player for at least one year.
- To participate in a regular training program at least twice per week.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- A history of epilepsy, migraine, or photosensitive reactions.
- To have undergone a surgical procedure involving the upper or lower extremity within the past year.
- To have an acute injury that would prevent compliance with the tests.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Stroboscopic visual trainingVolleyball training was conducted using stroboscopic glasses. | Other | Stroboscopic visual training |
| control group CThe volleyball training program was implemented under normal visual conditions. | Other | control group |
Primary outcome
Balance
Time frame: Dynamic balance was assessed before the exercise program and after the 6-week intervention.
Dynamic balance performance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, a widely accepted and validated assessment tool in the literature. During testing, participants performed barefoot while maintaining single-leg stance on the dominant limb and reaching as far as possible with the contralateral limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The best score from three trials in each direction was recorded. All reach distances were normalized to limb length to minimize the influence of anthropometric differences.
1 secondary outcome
Proprioception
Time frame: Proprioception was assessed before the exercise program and after the 6-week intervention.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Apr 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
Related trials for Stroboscopic Visual Training
Not yet recruiting
The Effects of Visual Input on Cognitive Function, Physical Performance, and Postural Stability in Adolescent Male Basketball Players
Sports Physical Therapy, Stroboscopic Visual Training
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Stroboscopic visual training in people with Stroboscopic Visual Training and Proprioception, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Balance (time frame: Dynamic balance was assessed before the exercise program and after the 6-week intervention.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Apr 2026.