Healthy AdultNCT07541300
The Effects of Palm Olein and Palm Kernel Oil Diets on Gut Hormones and Appetite in Healthy Adults
A study testing Palm olein, Palm kernel oil and Sunflower Oil in people with Healthy Adult, run by Malaysia Palm Oil Board at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the postprandial effect of palm olein- and palm kernel oil- diets compared to PUFA-rich diet (sunflower oil in this study) on gut hormones response and appetite in healthy adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Adult
- What is being tested?
- Palm olein, Palm kernel oil and Sunflower Oil
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 12 Jan 2026to Aug 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 20 to 45 years.
- BMI 20 to 27.5 kg/m2.
- Blood pressure with 90 to 130 mmHg for systolic and 60 to 80 mmHg for diastolic measurements.
- Fasting blood glucose of 3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L.
- Fasting total cholesterol < 6.0 mmol/L.
- Fasting triglycerides < 2.3 mmol/L.
- Not using any form of nicotine and alcohol.
Who cannot join
- Diagnosed any form of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome with or without medication.
- Consuming any long term prescribed medications or supplements, including hormonal contraceptive pills.
- Having moderate anaemia with haemoglobin <110 g/l for men and <100 g/l for women.
- Having blood clotting problem
- Having difficulty in cannulation (small, thin or hard-to-find veins)
- Women who are pregnant or lactating.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the postprandial effect of palm olein- and palm kernel oil- diets compared to PUFA-rich diet (sunflower oil in this study) on gut hormones response and appetite in healthy adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Do palm olein- and palm kernel oil-diets postulate to improve satiety and lower appetite compared to PUFA rich diet (sunflower oil) in healthy adults? Researchers will compare diets prepared with palm olain or palm kernel oil to a diet prepared with sunflower oil to see the effects of these three diets on gut hormones and satiety score.
Read more
Participants will:
- Attend a health screening session for subjects selection according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.
- Visit the study center three times with 2 weeks apart.
- Provide blood samples and fill up questionnaires at different time point within 4 hours.
- Receive a ad libitum meal after 4 hours intervention.
Read the detailed description
Please refer to the protocol uploaded.
- Conditions
- Healthy Adult
- Being tested
- Palm olein, Palm kernel oil, Sunflower Oil
- Keywords
- Gut hormones, Appetite, Palm kernel oil, Palm oil, Satiety score
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Palm oleinOther
high-fat muffin prepared with 50g palm olein
Palm kernel oilOther
high-fat muffin prepared with 50g palm kernel oil
Sunflower OilOther
high-fat muffin prepared with 50g sunflower oil
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| P | Experimental | PO-PKO-SFO Receives: Other: Palm olein; Other: Palm kernel oil; Other: Sunflower Oil |
| Q | Experimental | PO-SFO-PKO Receives: Other: Palm olein; Other: Palm kernel oil; Other: Sunflower Oil |
| R | Experimental | PKO-PO-SFO Receives: Other: Palm olein; Other: Palm kernel oil; Other: Sunflower Oil |
| S | Experimental | PKO-SFO-PO Receives: Other: Palm olein; Other: Palm kernel oil; Other: Sunflower Oil |
| T | Experimental | SFO-PO-PKO Receives: Other: Palm olein; Other: Palm kernel oil; Other: Sunflower Oil |
| U | Experimental | SFO-PKO-PO Receives: Other: Palm olein; Other: Palm kernel oil; Other: Sunflower Oil |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
GIP analysed using ELISA kits using plasma sample.
Measured: postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
Secondary outcomes (5)
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)
GLP-1 is analysed with ELISA kit using plasma.
Measured: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
Peptide YY (PYY)
PYY is analysed with ELISA kit using plasma sample.
Measured: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
Ghrelin
Ghreli is analysed using ELISA kits using plasma sample.
Measured: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
HOMA IR
HOMA IR will be calculated using glucose, insulin and c-peptide levels measured.
Measured: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) up to 2 hours.
Cholecytokinin, CCK
CCK is analysed with ELISA kit using plasma.
Measured: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Apr 2026
- Study start12 Jan 2026
- Primary completionJul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionAug 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Healthy AdultStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- 3x6 arms, crossover-designed randomised feeding intervention.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Malaysia Palm Oil Board
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Collaborators
- IMU University, Malaysia
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07541300
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FN2-13/2024
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 13 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 21 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Palm Olein and Palm Kernel Oil Diets on Gut Hormones and Appetite in Healthy Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07541300
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FN2-13/2024
- Conditions
- Healthy Adult
- Keywords
- Gut hormones, Appetite, Palm kernel oil, Palm oil, Satiety score
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Malaysia Palm Oil BoardOther government
- Collaborators
- IMU University, Malaysia
- Study start
- 12 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Aug 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 21 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the postprandial effect of palm olein- and palm kernel oil- diets compared to PUFA-rich diet (sunflower oil in this study) on gut hormones response and appetite in healthy adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Do palm olein- and palm kernel oil-diets postulate to improve satiety and lower appetite compared to PUFA rich diet (sunflower oil) in healthy adults? Researchers will compare diets prepared with palm olain or palm kernel oil to a diet prepared with sunflower oil to see the effects of these three diets on gut hormones and satiety score.
Participants will:
- Attend a health screening session for subjects selection according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.
- Visit the study center three times with 2 weeks apart.
- Provide blood samples and fill up questionnaires at different time point within 4 hours.
- Receive a ad libitum meal after 4 hours intervention.
Detailed description
Please refer to the protocol uploaded.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 6
- Model description
- 3x6 arms, crossover-designed randomised feeding intervention.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| P | Experimental | Other: Palm olein, Other: Palm kernel oil, Other: Sunflower OilPO-PKO-SFO |
| Q | Experimental | Other: Palm olein, Other: Palm kernel oil, Other: Sunflower OilPO-SFO-PKO |
| R | Experimental | Other: Palm olein, Other: Palm kernel oil, Other: Sunflower OilPKO-PO-SFO |
| S | Experimental | Other: Palm olein, Other: Palm kernel oil, Other: Sunflower OilPKO-SFO-PO |
| T | Experimental | Other: Palm olein, Other: Palm kernel oil, Other: Sunflower OilSFO-PO-PKO |
| U | Experimental | Other: Palm olein, Other: Palm kernel oil, Other: Sunflower OilSFO-PKO-PO |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Age 20 to 45 years.
- BMI 20 to 27.5 kg/m2.
- Blood pressure with 90 to 130 mmHg for systolic and 60 to 80 mmHg for diastolic measurements.
- Fasting blood glucose of 3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L.
- Fasting total cholesterol < 6.0 mmol/L.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Diagnosed any form of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome with or without medication.
- Consuming any long term prescribed medications or supplements, including hormonal contraceptive pills.
- Having moderate anaemia with haemoglobin <110 g/l for men and <100 g/l for women.
- Having blood clotting problem
- Having difficulty in cannulation (small, thin or hard-to-find veins)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Palm oleinhigh-fat muffin prepared with 50g palm olein | Other | P, Q, R, S, T, U |
| Palm kernel oilhigh-fat muffin prepared with 50g palm kernel oil | Other | P, Q, R, S, T, U |
| Sunflower Oilhigh-fat muffin prepared with 50g sunflower oil | Other | P, Q, R, S, T, U |
Primary outcome
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
Time frame: postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
GIP analysed using ELISA kits using plasma sample.
5 secondary outcomes
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)
Time frame: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
Peptide YY (PYY)
Time frame: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
Ghrelin
Time frame: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours
HOMA IR
Time frame: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) up to 2 hours.
Cholecytokinin, CCK
Time frame: Postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Apr 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Healthy Adult
Not yet recruitingPhase 1
A Phase I Study of GLR2053 Tablets in Chinese Healthy Adult Participants
Atopic Dermatitis
RecruitingPhase 1
First-in-Human Trial to Assess REGN20423 in Healthy Adult Participants and Adult Participants With Atopic Dermatitis
Healthy Volunteer, Atopic Dermatitis
Not yet recruitingPhase 1/2
Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of a 10 Valent Human Papillomavirus Virus (10vHPV) Vaccine
Human Papillomavirus Infection
Not yet recruiting
REM Enhancement Sleep Technology for Well-being, Emotion, and Life Lift
Healthy Adult Participants
Not yet recruitingPhase 1
Safety and Immunogenicity of Chimeric Hemagglutinin mRNA Vaccine Candidates
Influenza
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Palm olein, Palm kernel oil and Sunflower Oil in people with Healthy Adult, run by Malaysia Palm Oil Board at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) (time frame: postprandial from baseline (0 min) to 4 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Apr 2026.