Parkinson DiseaseNCT07525973
The Effect of Eye Exercises in Parkinson's Disease
A study testing Supervised In-Center Eye Exercises in people with Parkinson Disease, run by Pardis Specialized Wellness Institute at 1 site in Iran.
Trial summary
Parkinson's disease is commonly associated with impaired gait, postural instability, reduced physical function, and increased concern about falling, all of which contribute substantially to disability and reduced quality of life. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Parkinson Disease
- What is being tested?
- Supervised In-Center Eye Exercises
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 68 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIran
- Study dates
- 1 May 2026to Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18-80 years with clinically diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson's disease;
- Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3;
- Stable antiparkinsonian medication regimen for at least 4 weeks before enrollment;
- Able to stand unaided and walk independently with or without an assistive device;
- Adequate corrected vision to perform eye-exercise tasks;
- Able to understand and follow simple exercise instructions;
- Able to attend supervised in-center sessions three times per week for 8 weeks;
- Able to provide written informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Unstable cardiovascular, orthopedic, vestibular, or neurological condition interfering with safe participation;
- Active infection or acute medical illness;
- Severe uncorrected visual impairment preventing participation in eye-exercise tasks;
- Recent myocardial infarction or stroke within the past 3 months;
- Change in antiparkinsonian medication during the 4 weeks before enrollment or planned medication change during the intervention period;
- Severe dizziness, uncontrolled vertigo, or other condition that may be worsened by eye-head coordination exercises;
- Any other condition judged by the study physician to make participation unsafe.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Eye Exercises on Balance, Functional Mobility and Fall-Related Concern in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Parkinson's disease is commonly associated with impaired gait, postural instability, reduced physical function, and increased concern about falling, all of which contribute substantially to disability and reduced quality of life. Exercise-based rehabilitation is increasingly recommended as a core non-pharmacological strategy for improving mobility and balance in people with Parkinson's disease. In parallel, recent clinical and neurorehabilitation research suggests that eye-movement and gaze-stabilization training may influence postural control, visuomotor integration, and movement performance in neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease. This randomized controlled trial will evaluate whether a supervised in-center eye-exercise program can improve dynamic balance, functional mobility, gait performance, and fall-related concern in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Read the detailed description
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized not only by tremor and bradykinesia, but also by impaired gait, postural instability, reduced turning ability, slowed mobility, and increased fear of falling. These impairments are major contributors to functional limitation, reduced independence, and decreased quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease. Recent systematic reviews and network meta-analyses have demonstrated that exercise interventions can improve physical function, balance, gait performance, and mobility-related outcomes in this population. However, balance impairment and falls remain highly prevalent despite conventional rehabilitation approaches, highlighting the need for additional targeted non-pharmacological interventions.
Visual and oculomotor dysfunction are increasingly recognized as clinically relevant features of Parkinson's disease. Abnormalities in saccadic eye movements, smooth pursuit, gaze stabilization, and visuomotor control have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease and may contribute to impaired postural control, gait dysfunction, and difficulties with movement coordination. Recent studies in neurorehabilitation and eye-movement research suggest that eye exercises and visually guided training may positively influence balance control, mobility, and motor-related performance by enhancing sensory integration and visuomotor coordination.
Emerging rehabilitation studies have reported promising effects of structured eye-movement interventions on dynamic balance, walking performance, and functional mobility in individuals with Parkinson's disease. In addition, recent advances in eye-tracking and oculomotor assessment research further support the potential therapeutic relevance of visually guided interventions in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation. Nevertheless, high-quality randomized controlled trials investigating supervised eye-exercise programs in clinical settings remain limited.
Therefore, the present study will investigate the effects of a structured supervised in-center eye-exercise program on physical function, dynamic balance, and fall-related concern in patients with Parkinson's disease. The intervention will be delivered under direct supervision in a controlled rehabilitation/clinic setting. By focusing on clinically meaningful functional outcomes, this trial aims to determine whether supervised eye exercises may represent a practical and effective adjunct rehabilitation strategy for improving mobility- and balance-related outcomes in people with Parkinson's disease.
All functional assessments will be performed at approximately the same time of day and in the participant's usual "ON" medication state, preferably 1-2 hours after antiparkinsonian medication intake, where feasible. Medication timing will be recorded at each assessment.
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease
- Being tested
- Supervised In-Center Eye Exercises
- Keywords
- Parkinson disease, Eye exercises, Balance, Fall risk, Physical function, Functional mobility, Gait, Postural stability
- Medical subject headings
- Parkinson Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Supervised In-Center Eye ExercisesBehavioural
The participants in the study group will perform the eye-exercise program in a standardized seated position under supervision by trained study personnel in a rehabilitation/clinic setting. The exercises will be administered face-to-face and will include progressive visual fixation, smooth pursuit, saccadic eye movements, convergence/divergence, gaze stabilization, and combined eye-head coordination tasks. Progression will be based on increases in movement speed, number of repetitions, task complexity, and participant tolerance, while maintaining the standardized seated position and ensuring safety throughout the intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Supervised In-Center Eye Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants will receive a structured eye-exercise program designed to train oculomotor control, gaze stability, and eye-head coordination. The program will be delivered face-to-face in the center during supervised sessions. Each session will last approximately 30 to 45 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Supervised In-Center Eye Exercises |
| Control group | No intervention | Participants allocated to the control arm will receive standard neurological care and routine advice to maintain their usual daily activities. They will not receive the structured eye-exercise program during the intervention period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in dynamic balance
Dynamic balance will be assessed using the Mini-BESTest total score. The Mini-BESTest evaluates anticipatory postural adjustments, reactive postural control, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait. Higher scores indicate better dynamic balance and postural control.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (5)
Change in functional mobility
Assessed with the Timed Up and Go test. Shorter completion times indicate better functional mobility.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in gait speed
Assessed with the 10-Meter Walk Test. Faster walking speed indicates better gait performance.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in fall-related concern
Assessed with the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Higher scores indicate greater concern about falling.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in walking endurance
Assessed with the 6-Minute Walk Test. Greater distance indicates better walking endurance and physical function.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks
Number of participants with adverse events during the intervention period
Adverse events will include dizziness, nausea, headache, eye strain, worsening balance, near-falls, falls, musculoskeletal discomfort, or any event requiring session termination or medical evaluation.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Apr 2026
- Study start1 May 2026
- Primary completionOct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionOct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Parkinson DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly allocated to intervention group or control group and will be examined in the same way.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 68 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Pardis Specialized Wellness Institute
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Mohammad Ali Tabibi, Dr, Study director, Pardis Specialized Wellness Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07525973
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PA26PKD-2-01
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Apr 2026
- Last updated
- 15 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data underlying the published results will be made available upon reasonable request to qualified researchers after publication of the main article.
Publications
Zhu J, Cui Y, Zhang J, Yan R, Su D, Zhao D, Wang A, Feng T. Temporal trends in the prevalence of Parkinson's disease from 1980 to 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2024 Jul;5(7):e464-e479. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(24)00094-1.
PubMed 38945129Niering M, Wirth C, Beurskens R, Ueding E, Fischer T, Seifert J. Effects of a treadmill and oculomotor dual-task intervention vs. -nordic walking on balance in Parkinson's disease patients - a pilot study. Clin Park Relat Disord. 2025 Sep 8;13:100392. doi: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100392. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 41492353Su D, Cui Y, He C, Yin P, Bai R, Zhu J, Lam JST, Zhang J, Yan R, Zheng X, Wu J, Zhao D, Wang A, Zhou M, Feng T. Projections for prevalence of Parkinson's disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMJ. 2025 Mar 5;388:e080952. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-080952.
PubMed 40044233Bailo G, Saibene FL, Bandini V, Arcuri P, Salvatore A, Meloni M, Castagna A, Navarro J, Lencioni T, Ferrarin M, Carpinella I. Characterization of Walking in Mild Parkinson's Disease: Reliability, Validity and Discriminant Ability of the Six-Minute Walk Test Instrumented with a Single Inertial Sensor. Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jan 20;24(2):662. doi: 10.3390/s24020662.
PubMed 38276354Culicetto L, Cardile D, Marafioti G, Lo Buono V, Ferraioli F, Massimino S, Di Lorenzo G, Sorbera C, Brigandi A, Vicario CM, Quartarone A, Marino S. Recent advances (2022-2024) in eye-tracking for Parkinson's disease: a promising tool for diagnosing and monitoring symptoms. Front Aging Neurosci. 2025 May 21;17:1534073. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1534073. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 40469846Lorenzo-Garcia P, Cavero-Redondo I, Nunez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Guzman-Pavon MJ, Priego-Jimenez S, Alvarez-Bueno C. Effects of physical exercise interventions on balance, postural stability and general mobility in Parkinson's disease: a network meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2024 Feb 1;56:jrm10329. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v56.10329.
PubMed 38298133Yang Y, Wang G, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhou W, Ren F, Liang H, Wu D, Ji X, Hashimoto M, Wei J. Efficacy and evaluation of therapeutic exercises on adults with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Oct 21;22(1):813. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03510-9.
PubMed 36271367Waterston JA, Hawken MB, Tanyeri S, Jantti P, Kennard C. Influence of sensory manipulation on postural control in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993 Dec;56(12):1276-81. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.56.12.1276.
PubMed 8270927Liu WY, Tung TH, Zhang C, Shi L. Systematic review for the prevention and management of falls and fear of falling in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav. 2022 Aug;12(8):e2690. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2690. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
PubMed 35837986Ernst M, Folkerts AK, Gollan R, Lieker E, Caro-Valenzuela J, Adams A, Cryns N, Monsef I, Dresen A, Roheger M, Eggers C, Skoetz N, Kalbe E. Physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 5;1(1):CD013856. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013856.pub2.
PubMed 36602886Mildner S, Hotz I, Kubler F, Rausch L, Stampfer-Kountchev M, Panzl J, Brenneis C, Seebacher B. Effects of activity-oriented physiotherapy with and without eye movement training on dynamic balance, functional mobility, and eye movements in patients with Parkinson's disease: An assessor-blinded randomised controlled pilot trial. PLoS One. 2024 Jun 14;19(6):e0304788. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304788. eCollection 2024.
PubMed 38875243Yang R, Sun M, Chen W, Feng H, Chen B, Liu Y, He Q, Wang L, Zou C, Luo X, Li Z, Fu A, Qiao F, Tang H, Yang J, Ren H. Global, regional and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2021: Update from the GBD 2021 study. J Neurol Sci. 2026 Jan 15;480:125703. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2025.125703. Epub 2025 Dec 18.
PubMed 41435482Godi M, Arcolin I, Giardini M, Corna S, Schieppati M. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the Mini-BESTest in patients with Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture. 2020 Jul;80:14-19. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.004. Epub 2020 May 17.
PubMed 32464537
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Eye Exercises on Balance, Functional Mobility and Fall-Related Concern in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07525973
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PA26PKD-2-01
- Conditions
- Parkinson Disease
- Keywords
- Parkinson disease, Eye exercises, Balance, Fall risk, Physical function, Functional mobility, Gait, Postural stability
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 68 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Pardis Specialized Wellness InstituteUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Parkinson's disease is commonly associated with impaired gait, postural instability, reduced physical function, and increased concern about falling, all of which contribute substantially to disability and reduced quality of life. Exercise-based rehabilitation is increasingly recommended as a core non-pharmacological strategy for improving mobility and balance in people with Parkinson's disease. In parallel, recent clinical and neurorehabilitation research suggests that eye-movement and gaze-stabilization training may influence postural control, visuomotor integration, and movement performance in neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease. This randomized controlled trial will evaluate whether a supervised in-center eye-exercise program can improve dynamic balance, functional mobility, gait performance, and fall-related concern in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Detailed description
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized not only by tremor and bradykinesia, but also by impaired gait, postural instability, reduced turning ability, slowed mobility, and increased fear of falling. These impairments are major contributors to functional limitation, reduced independence, and decreased quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease. Recent systematic reviews and network meta-analyses have demonstrated that exercise interventions can improve physical function, balance, gait performance, and mobility-related outcomes in this population. However, balance impairment and falls remain highly prevalent despite conventional rehabilitation approaches, highlighting the need for additional targeted non-pharmacological interventions.
Visual and oculomotor dysfunction are increasingly recognized as clinically relevant features of Parkinson's disease. Abnormalities in saccadic eye movements, smooth pursuit, gaze stabilization, and visuomotor control have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease and may contribute to impaired postural control, gait dysfunction, and difficulties with movement coordination. Recent studies in neurorehabilitation and eye-movement research suggest that eye exercises and visually guided training may positively influence balance control, mobility, and motor-related performance by enhancing sensory integration and visuomotor coordination.
Emerging rehabilitation studies have reported promising effects of structured eye-movement interventions on dynamic balance, walking performance, and functional mobility in individuals with Parkinson's disease. In addition, recent advances in eye-tracking and oculomotor assessment research further support the potential therapeutic relevance of visually guided interventions in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation. Nevertheless, high-quality randomized controlled trials investigating supervised eye-exercise programs in clinical settings remain limited.
Therefore, the present study will investigate the effects of a structured supervised in-center eye-exercise program on physical function, dynamic balance, and fall-related concern in patients with Parkinson's disease. The intervention will be delivered under direct supervision in a controlled rehabilitation/clinic setting. By focusing on clinically meaningful functional outcomes, this trial aims to determine whether supervised eye exercises may represent a practical and effective adjunct rehabilitation strategy for improving mobility- and balance-related outcomes in people with Parkinson's disease.
All functional assessments will be performed at approximately the same time of day and in the participant's usual "ON" medication state, preferably 1-2 hours after antiparkinsonian medication intake, where feasible. Medication timing will be recorded at each assessment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly allocated to intervention group or control group and will be examined in the same way.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Supervised In-Center Eye Exercise Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Supervised In-Center Eye ExercisesParticipants will receive a structured eye-exercise program designed to train oculomotor control, gaze stability, and eye-head coordination. The program will be delivered face-to-face in the center during supervised sessions. Each session will last approximately 30 to 45 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. |
| Control group | No intervention | –Participants allocated to the control arm will receive standard neurological care and routine advice to maintain their usual daily activities. They will not receive the structured eye-exercise program during the intervention period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Adults aged 18-80 years with clinically diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson's disease;
- Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3;
- Stable antiparkinsonian medication regimen for at least 4 weeks before enrollment;
- Able to stand unaided and walk independently with or without an assistive device;
- Adequate corrected vision to perform eye-exercise tasks;
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Unstable cardiovascular, orthopedic, vestibular, or neurological condition interfering with safe participation;
- Active infection or acute medical illness;
- Severe uncorrected visual impairment preventing participation in eye-exercise tasks;
- Recent myocardial infarction or stroke within the past 3 months;
- Change in antiparkinsonian medication during the 4 weeks before enrollment or planned medication change during the intervention period;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Supervised In-Center Eye ExercisesThe participants in the study group will perform the eye-exercise program in a standardized seated position under supervision by trained study personnel in a rehabilitation/clinic setting. The exercises will be administered face-to-face and will include progressive visual fixation, smooth pursuit, saccadic eye movements, convergence/divergence, gaze stabilization, and combined eye-head coordination tasks. Progression will be based on increases in movement speed, number of repetitions, task complexity, and participant tolerance, while maintaining the standardized seated position and ensuring safety throughout the intervention. | Behavioural | Supervised In-Center Eye Exercise Group |
Primary outcome
Change in dynamic balance
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Dynamic balance will be assessed using the Mini-BESTest total score. The Mini-BESTest evaluates anticipatory postural adjustments, reactive postural control, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait. Higher scores indicate better dynamic balance and postural control.
5 secondary outcomes
Change in functional mobility
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in gait speed
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in fall-related concern
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Change in walking endurance
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Number of participants with adverse events during the intervention period
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 38945129Zhu J, Cui Y, Zhang J, Yan R, Su D, Zhao D, Wang A, Feng T. Temporal trends in the prevalence of Parkinson's disease from 1980 to 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2024 Jul;5(7):e464-e479. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(24)00094-1.
- Background: PubMed 41492353Niering M, Wirth C, Beurskens R, Ueding E, Fischer T, Seifert J. Effects of a treadmill and oculomotor dual-task intervention vs. -nordic walking on balance in Parkinson's disease patients - a pilot study. Clin Park Relat Disord. 2025 Sep 8;13:100392. doi: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100392. eCollection 2025.
- Background: PubMed 40044233Su D, Cui Y, He C, Yin P, Bai R, Zhu J, Lam JST, Zhang J, Yan R, Zheng X, Wu J, Zhao D, Wang A, Zhou M, Feng T. Projections for prevalence of Parkinson's disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMJ. 2025 Mar 5;388:e080952. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-080952.
- Background: PubMed 38276354Bailo G, Saibene FL, Bandini V, Arcuri P, Salvatore A, Meloni M, Castagna A, Navarro J, Lencioni T, Ferrarin M, Carpinella I. Characterization of Walking in Mild Parkinson's Disease: Reliability, Validity and Discriminant Ability of the Six-Minute Walk Test Instrumented with a Single Inertial Sensor. Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jan 20;24(2):662. doi: 10.3390/s24020662.
- Background: PubMed 40469846Culicetto L, Cardile D, Marafioti G, Lo Buono V, Ferraioli F, Massimino S, Di Lorenzo G, Sorbera C, Brigandi A, Vicario CM, Quartarone A, Marino S. Recent advances (2022-2024) in eye-tracking for Parkinson's disease: a promising tool for diagnosing and monitoring symptoms. Front Aging Neurosci. 2025 May 21;17:1534073. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1534073. eCollection 2025.
- Background: PubMed 38298133Lorenzo-Garcia P, Cavero-Redondo I, Nunez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Guzman-Pavon MJ, Priego-Jimenez S, Alvarez-Bueno C. Effects of physical exercise interventions on balance, postural stability and general mobility in Parkinson's disease: a network meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2024 Feb 1;56:jrm10329. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v56.10329.
- Background: PubMed 36271367Yang Y, Wang G, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhou W, Ren F, Liang H, Wu D, Ji X, Hashimoto M, Wei J. Efficacy and evaluation of therapeutic exercises on adults with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Oct 21;22(1):813. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03510-9.
- Background: PubMed 8270927Waterston JA, Hawken MB, Tanyeri S, Jantti P, Kennard C. Influence of sensory manipulation on postural control in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993 Dec;56(12):1276-81. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.56.12.1276.
- Background: PubMed 35837986Liu WY, Tung TH, Zhang C, Shi L. Systematic review for the prevention and management of falls and fear of falling in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav. 2022 Aug;12(8):e2690. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2690. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
- Background: PubMed 36602886Ernst M, Folkerts AK, Gollan R, Lieker E, Caro-Valenzuela J, Adams A, Cryns N, Monsef I, Dresen A, Roheger M, Eggers C, Skoetz N, Kalbe E. Physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 5;1(1):CD013856. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013856.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 38875243Mildner S, Hotz I, Kubler F, Rausch L, Stampfer-Kountchev M, Panzl J, Brenneis C, Seebacher B. Effects of activity-oriented physiotherapy with and without eye movement training on dynamic balance, functional mobility, and eye movements in patients with Parkinson's disease: An assessor-blinded randomised controlled pilot trial. PLoS One. 2024 Jun 14;19(6):e0304788. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304788. eCollection 2024.
- Background: PubMed 41435482Yang R, Sun M, Chen W, Feng H, Chen B, Liu Y, He Q, Wang L, Zou C, Luo X, Li Z, Fu A, Qiao F, Tang H, Yang J, Ren H. Global, regional and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2021: Update from the GBD 2021 study. J Neurol Sci. 2026 Jan 15;480:125703. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2025.125703. Epub 2025 Dec 18.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data underlying the published results will be made available upon reasonable request to qualified researchers after publication of the main article.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Mohammad Ali Tabibi, Dr study director
Pardis Specialized Wellness Institute
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Supervised In-Center Eye Exercises in people with Parkinson Disease, run by Pardis Specialized Wellness Institute at 1 site in Iran.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Iran. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in dynamic balance (time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07525973, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Sep 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.