Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2NCT07484672
Comparative Effects of Periodized Circuit Training and Conventional Strength Training in Patients With Diabetes Type II
A study testing Group A: Periodized Circuit Training and Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training Protocol in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Patients with type II diabetes are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to increased blood sugar, inflammation, insulin resistance, and physical inactivity. The effectiveness of exercises in improving cardiopulmonary fitness have not been well documented and practiced in Pakistan. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 70 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- What is being tested?
- Group A: Periodized Circuit Training and Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training Protocol
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2024to 5 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 70 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Both gender age between 40 to 70
- Participants who are hemodynamically stable
- Participants who don't have any orthopedic limitation and can perform test
- Diagnosed diabetes type II for at least one year
- HBA1C less than 10% insulin independent
- Without limitations in gait or balance, Independent living in the community
- Non-smokers
Who cannot join
- Patients with any neurological or other systemic disease
- Individuals who are already performing physical activity such as muscle strengthening exercises, aerobic training, yoga or Pilates in last 6 months.
- Uncontrolled blood pressure
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Severe cardiac disease
- Patients who went under surgery for cardiac condition.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Periodized Circuit Training And Conventional Strength Training on Cardiovascular Fitness, Pulmonary Functions, Health- Related Quality of Life and Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes Type II
Patients with type II diabetes are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to increased blood sugar, inflammation, insulin resistance, and physical inactivity. The effectiveness of exercises in improving cardiopulmonary fitness have not been well documented and practiced in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to determine the comparative effects of Periodized circuit and strength training in improving cardiovascular fitness, pulmonary functions , quality of life and glycemic control in type II diabetes patients. The study will be a randomized clinical trial. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria participants will be divided into 2 groups, Group A and Group B. The study will be 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week (18 sessions). Group A will be asked to perform Periodized circuit training 45 min per session (20 min aerobic exercise with 10 min warm up and cool down) with moderate intensity, 10min break and 15 min of resistance exercise while Group B will follow Conventional strength training 45 min per session, 35 min of strength and endurance training with 10 min of warm up and cool down. The study outcomes measures will be pulmonary functions (FEV1. FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) through digital spirometer quality of life through health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire , cardiopulmonary fitness ( heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation through 6MWT) and Glycemic control through (BCM). The data will be assessed at baseline, daily after the interventions and end of the study. Data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 23.
Key words: CT (Circuit training), CF (Cardiovascular fitness), PF (Pulmonary function), CST (Conventional strength training), CVD (cardiovascular disease), T2D (Type 2 diabetes), BCM (Blood Glucose Monitor)
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Being tested
- Group A: Periodized Circuit Training, Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training Protocol
- Keywords
- CT (Circuit training), CF (Cardiovascular fitness), PF (Pulmonary function), CST (Conventional strength training), CVD (cardiovascular disease), T2D (Type 2 diabetes), BCM (Blood Glucose Monitor)
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Group A: Periodized Circuit TrainingOther
Group A: Periodized Circuit Training Protocol The participants in this group performed Periodized circuit training 45 min per session, 10 min break. Before start exercises patients performed 5 min warm up session then 20 min of aerobic exercise and 15 min of resistance exercise. The exercise session were, Walking, jogging, body weight, scissor exercise and lastly cool down session of 5 minutes
Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training ProtocolOther
The participants in this group performed Conventional strength training 45 min per session, 10 min break. Before start exercises patients performed 5 min warm up session then 30 min of strength and endurance training. The exercise session were jogging or walking, Glute Bridge, prone back extension, and ankle planter flexion and lastly cool down session of 5 min.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | Periodized Circuit Training Receives: Other: Group A: Periodized Circuit Training |
| Group B | Experimental | Conventional Strength Training Receives: Other: Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training Protocol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Cardiovascular Fitness
A 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD) in meters were performed to determine the cardiovascular fitness pre-post exercise
Measured: 6 weeks
Pulmonary Functions
Digital Spirometer is a common tool used to test pulmonary functions through measuring the volume of air a person can inhale and exhale, as well as how quickly they can do so. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, and other conditions that affect lung function. The reliability is usually good with test results reproducibility generally being above 90%. The validity is also well-defined since spirometry is rated as gold standard of measuring the lung functioning. FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio were measured pre-post exercise through digital spirometer
Measured: 6 weeks
HRQoL
HRQoL questionnaire were used to access quality of life of diabetes II patients pre-post exercise
Measured: 6 weeks
Glycemic Control
Blood glucose monitor device were used to check the glucose level, pre-post exercise
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2026
- Study start10 Feb 2024
- Primary completion5 Jan 2025
- Study completion5 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Hafiza Muiam Ghani, MSCPPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484672
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/24/0388
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Castro-Rodriguez M, Carnicero JA, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Walter S, Morley JE, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Sinclair AJ, Rodriguez-Manas L. Frailty as a Major Factor in the Increased Risk of Death and Disability in Older People With Diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Oct 1;17(10):949-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.07.013. Epub 2016 Sep 3.
PubMed 27600194Fleck SJ. Periodized strength training: a critical review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 1999;13(1):82-9.
Ikenna UC, Ngozichi OG, Ijeoma I, Ijeoma N, Ifeanyichukwu N, Martin OC. Effect of circuit training on the cardiovascular endurance and quality of life: Findings from an apparently healthy female adult population. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International. 2020;23(3.1-8).
Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Apr;36(4):674-88. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61.
PubMed 15064596Suetta C, Andersen JL, Dalgas U, Berget J, Koskinen S, Aagaard P, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. Resistance training induces qualitative changes in muscle morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle function in elderly postoperative patients. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Jul;105(1):180-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01354.2007. Epub 2008 Apr 17.
PubMed 18420714Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):219-29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9.
PubMed 22818936
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Periodized Circuit Training And Conventional Strength Training on Cardiovascular Fitness, Pulmonary Functions, Health- Related Quality of Life and Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes Type II
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484672
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/24/0388
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
- Keywords
- CT (Circuit training), CF (Cardiovascular fitness), PF (Pulmonary function), CST (Conventional strength training), CVD (cardiovascular disease), T2D (Type 2 diabetes), BCM (Blood Glucose Monitor)
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Patients with type II diabetes are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to increased blood sugar, inflammation, insulin resistance, and physical inactivity. The effectiveness of exercises in improving cardiopulmonary fitness have not been well documented and practiced in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to determine the comparative effects of Periodized circuit and strength training in improving cardiovascular fitness, pulmonary functions , quality of life and glycemic control in type II diabetes patients. The study will be a randomized clinical trial. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria participants will be divided into 2 groups, Group A and Group B. The study will be 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week (18 sessions). Group A will be asked to perform Periodized circuit training 45 min per session (20 min aerobic exercise with 10 min warm up and cool down) with moderate intensity, 10min break and 15 min of resistance exercise while Group B will follow Conventional strength training 45 min per session, 35 min of strength and endurance training with 10 min of warm up and cool down. The study outcomes measures will be pulmonary functions (FEV1. FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) through digital spirometer quality of life through health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire , cardiopulmonary fitness ( heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation through 6MWT) and Glycemic control through (BCM). The data will be assessed at baseline, daily after the interventions and end of the study. Data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 23.
Key words: CT (Circuit training), CF (Cardiovascular fitness), PF (Pulmonary function), CST (Conventional strength training), CVD (cardiovascular disease), T2D (Type 2 diabetes), BCM (Blood Glucose Monitor)
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | Other: Group A: Periodized Circuit TrainingPeriodized Circuit Training |
| Group B | Experimental | Other: Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training ProtocolConventional Strength Training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Both gender age between 40 to 70
- Participants who are hemodynamically stable
- Participants who don't have any orthopedic limitation and can perform test
- Diagnosed diabetes type II for at least one year
- HBA1C less than 10% insulin independent
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients with any neurological or other systemic disease
- Individuals who are already performing physical activity such as muscle strengthening exercises, aerobic training, yoga or Pilates in last 6 months.
- Uncontrolled blood pressure
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Severe cardiac disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Group A: Periodized Circuit TrainingGroup A: Periodized Circuit Training Protocol The participants in this group performed Periodized circuit training 45 min per session, 10 min break. Before start exercises patients performed 5 min warm up session then 20 min of aerobic exercise and 15 min of resistance exercise. The exercise session were, Walking, jogging, body weight, scissor exercise and lastly cool down session of 5 minutes | Other | Group A |
| Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training ProtocolThe participants in this group performed Conventional strength training 45 min per session, 10 min break. Before start exercises patients performed 5 min warm up session then 30 min of strength and endurance training. The exercise session were jogging or walking, Glute Bridge, prone back extension, and ankle planter flexion and lastly cool down session of 5 min. | Other | Group B |
Primary outcome
Cardiovascular Fitness
Time frame: 6 weeks
A 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD) in meters were performed to determine the cardiovascular fitness pre-post exercise
Pulmonary Functions
Time frame: 6 weeks
Digital Spirometer is a common tool used to test pulmonary functions through measuring the volume of air a person can inhale and exhale, as well as how quickly they can do so. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, and other conditions that affect lung function. The reliability is usually good with test results reproducibility generally being above 90%. The validity is also well-defined since spirometry is rated as gold standard of measuring the lung functioning. FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio were measured pre-post exercise through digital spirometer
HRQoL
Time frame: 6 weeks
HRQoL questionnaire were used to access quality of life of diabetes II patients pre-post exercise
Glycemic Control
Time frame: 6 weeks
Blood glucose monitor device were used to check the glucose level, pre-post exercise
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 27600194Castro-Rodriguez M, Carnicero JA, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Walter S, Morley JE, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Sinclair AJ, Rodriguez-Manas L. Frailty as a Major Factor in the Increased Risk of Death and Disability in Older People With Diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Oct 1;17(10):949-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.07.013. Epub 2016 Sep 3.
- BackgroundFleck SJ. Periodized strength training: a critical review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 1999;13(1):82-9.
- BackgroundIkenna UC, Ngozichi OG, Ijeoma I, Ijeoma N, Ifeanyichukwu N, Martin OC. Effect of circuit training on the cardiovascular endurance and quality of life: Findings from an apparently healthy female adult population. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International. 2020;23(3.1-8).
- Background: PubMed 15064596Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Apr;36(4):674-88. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61.
- Background: PubMed 18420714Suetta C, Andersen JL, Dalgas U, Berget J, Koskinen S, Aagaard P, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. Resistance training induces qualitative changes in muscle morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle function in elderly postoperative patients. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Jul;105(1):180-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01354.2007. Epub 2008 Apr 17.
- Background: PubMed 22818936Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):219-29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly SHR-3167 Compared With Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Adults With Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Active, not recruiting
Digital Reinforcement of Motivational Interviewing Micro-Skills Among Primary Care Healthcare Professionals
Hypertension (Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)
Recruiting
Investigating Vascular Properties of HEMI and SPG Signals in Individuals With or at Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension (HTN)
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of the Drug AZD6234 for Managing Weight in Adults Who Are Obese or Overweight. These Participants May or May Not Also Have Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity, Overweight
Not yet recruiting
Impact of Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) in Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), Obesity (BMI>30)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hafiza Muiam Ghani, MSCPPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Group A: Periodized Circuit Training and Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training Protocol in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Cardiovascular Fitness (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07484672, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Mar 2026.