Adhesive Capsulitis of ShoulderNCT07484386
Combined Effects of Niel Asher Technique and Scapular Clock Exercises in Adhesive Capsulitis
A study testing Niel Asher Technique, Scapular clock exercises and Conventional Physical Therapy in people with Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
One of the most common shoulder condition in developed and developing countries is Adhesive Capsulitis, also known as Frozen Shoulder. Adhesive Capsulitis is a major cause of shoulder functional disability in patient as it is characterized by painful, restricted range of motion and capsular stiffness leading to… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 55 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder
- What is being tested?
- Niel Asher Technique, Scapular clock exercises and Conventional Physical Therapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 34 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 28 Oct 2024to 1 Feb 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 55 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- • Age Group between 40-55 years
- Gender: Both Male and Female
- Pain Persisted for more than 3 months.
- Primary Adhesive Capsulitis Stage II and III
- Limited passive range of motion (PROM) with 40% reduction in atleast two of these shoulder movements (flexion, external rotation, internal rotation, and abduction) compared to unaffected side for more than 3 months atleast.
- Capsular Pattern +ve
- Impingement Tests (Neers Test, Hawkins Kennedy Test) -ve
- NPRS score of >3 to ≤8 of having shoulder pain
Who cannot join
- • Patient with systemic disease (Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorders, RA, Trauma, rotator cuff tears, malignancy, shoulder ligament injuries).
- Previous shoulder surgery or Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA)
- Prior history of shoulder dislocation
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Combined Effects of Niel Asher Technique and Scapular Clock Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis
One of the most common shoulder condition in developed and developing countries is Adhesive Capsulitis, also known as Frozen Shoulder. Adhesive Capsulitis is a major cause of shoulder functional disability in patient as it is characterized by painful, restricted range of motion and capsular stiffness leading to difficulty in performing normal ADLs, causing an individual's activity limitations in dressing one's self, performing household chores and participation in the society. This study aims to determine the combined effects of Niel Asher Technique (NAT) and Scapular Clock Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in patients with Adhesive Capsulitis.
This Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted was conducted in RC medical Centre Lahore, over a 9-month period. A sample of 34 participants, aged 40-55 years were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Informed
Read more
Consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were divided into two groups:
Group A received Niel Asher Technique and Scapular Clock Exercises along with conventional physical therapy, while Group B received only conventional physical therapy which included a moist hot pack, Therapeutic ultrasound, Shoulder Active Range of Motion Exercises and Maitland's Mobilization. Treatment duration will be 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures including Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Universal Goniometer and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) Urdu were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks. Inclusion Criteria includes Stage II and III Adhesive Capsulitis, Positive Capsular pattern with limited both Active and Passive range of motion, shoulder pain with an NPRS score >3 to ≤8. Exclusion Criteria includes patients with any systemic illness, metabolic disorder, prior history of shoulder surgery or shoulder dislocation. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27.0.
Read the detailed description
One of the most common shoulder condition in developed and developing countries is Adhesive Capsulitis, also known as Frozen Shoulder. Adhesive Capsulitis is a major cause of shoulder functional disability in patient as it is characterized by painful, restricted range of motion and capsular stiffness leading to difficulty in performing normal ADLs, causing an individual's activity limitations in dressing one's self, performing household chores and participation in the society. This study aims to determine the combined effects of Niel Asher Technique (NAT) and Scapular Clock Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in patients with Adhesive Capsulitis.
This Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted was conducted in RC medical Centre Lahore, over a 9-month period. A sample of 34 participants, aged 40-55 years were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Informed
Consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were divided into two groups:
Group A received Niel Asher Technique and Scapular Clock Exercises along with conventional physical therapy, while Group B received only conventional physical therapy which included a moist hot pack, Therapeutic ultrasound, Shoulder Active Range of Motion Exercises and Maitland's Mobilization. Treatment duration will be 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures including Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Universal Goniometer and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) Urdu were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks. Inclusion Criteria includes Stage II and III Adhesive Capsulitis, Positive Capsular pattern with limited both Active and Passive range of motion, shoulder pain with an NPRS score >3 to ≤8. Exclusion Criteria includes patients with any systemic illness, metabolic disorder, prior history of shoulder surgery or shoulder dislocation. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27.0.
- Conditions
- Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder
- Being tested
- Niel Asher Technique, Scapular clock exercises, Conventional Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Adhesive Capsulitis, Diability, Pain, Range of Motion, SPADI
- Medical subject headings
- Bursitis, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Niel Asher TechniqueOther
For the management of these taut areas in the muscles, many techniques can be beneficial such as Niel Asher Technique, Ischemic pressure on these areas, Dry Needling, blocking the nerve supply of the muscle beneath the shoulder blade. NAT is a treatment that reinforces the natural healing process of the body for treating AC. This Novel technique consists of five-step treatment regimen involving Myofascial release technique + Deep stroking to manipulate the shoulder joint in a planned and precise order. Niel Asher technique is effective for two reasons, the tight structures surrounding shoulder joint are released first and then the stimulation of the neural pathway at the cortex level and spinal level.
Scapular clock exercisesOther
Scapulothoracic hypomobility issues often occur due to adaptive shortening, due to long- protracted immobility caused by adhesive capsulitis. Scapular clock exercises are helpful in improving and restoring normal upward, downward, forward and backward movement of the shoulder blade. The SCE are responsible in maintaining the normal pattern of muscle mobility, ultimately enhancing the joint function. The musculature surrounding the shoulder blade includes SA, PM and TM, LS, and RM, dynamic multi-plane stability is provided by these muscles and helps in restoring shoulder blade mobility. Thus, during rest and movements, the proper functioning of these muscles is crucial to prevent any soft tissue injury \& developing any faulty posture.
Conventional Physical TherapyOther
The control group received conventional physical therapy:
- Moist Hot Pack for 10 minutes.
- Therapeutic Ultrasound for 10 minutes.
- Maitland Mobilization glides passively 2 to 3 per second for 2 to 3 minutes. (Repeated 3 to 5 times) (for 4 weeks; 3 sessions/week).
- Shoulder Active ROM exercises.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Niel Asher Technique and Scapular clock exercises | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Niel Asher Technique; Other: Scapular clock exercises; Other: Conventional Physical Therapy |
| Conventional Physical Therapy | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Other: Conventional Physical Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
NPRS is a scale that has eleven points to rate the pain intensity in the individuals by assigning a numeric value from 0 (marked as "no pain") to 10 (marked as "worst possible pain") points. This outcome measure has been widely used in studies and has found to be effective and reliable in the assessment of shoulder pain.
Measured: From the start upto 4 weeks
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index
SPADI is a self-report questionnaire that is widely used for assessment of intensity of shoulder pain and its influence on activity of daily living and functional restrictions. It consists of 13 items further sub-divided into pain scale and disability scale that assesses the degree of pain intensity and the problems experiences by the subject in performing everyday tasks such as lifting, reaching activities and sleeping. For each item, the person must assign a score ranging from 0 to 10 points, where a higher score indicates a greater level of pain or disability. The total score of the SPADI is calculated by averaging the results of the two subscales. SPADI has been shown to have good reliability and construct validity for assessing shoulder impairments majorly in patients presenting at the primary care level with shoulder pain
Measured: From start of study upto 4 weeks
Universal Goniometer
Health care practitioners often use universal goniometer to assess objective measurements of joint mobility to find out the baseline mobility status and to evaluating efficacy of treatment
Measured: From start of study upto 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Mar 2026
- Study start28 Oct 2024
- Primary completion1 Dec 2025
- Study completion1 Feb 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Adhesive Capsulitis of ShoulderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Saba Rafique, Masters, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484386
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0182
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 16 Mar 2026
- Last updated
- 20 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gulwani AH. A study to find out the effect of scapular stabilization exercises on shoulder ROM and functional outcome in diabetic patients with stage 2 adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint: an interventional study. Int J Sci Healthc Res. 2020;5(2):320-33.
Malpani K, Mungikar S, Katage G. The effect of Shoulder Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with Scapular Stability Exercises on pain, range of motion and function in Adhesive capsulitis-A case study. 2022
Saeed M, Hafeez S, Asad F, Haider W, Nawaz S, Kocub S. Comparison of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and myofascial release techniques on pain and function in scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis: Scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. 2022:123-7.
Baheti MM, Jayswal P, Baheti B. The effect of scapular stabilization exercises on pain and function in patients with frozen shoulder. 2023.
Makwana A, Mishra N. The effect of cyriax soft tissue release and myofascial release on pain pressure threshold, flexibility and muscle length in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis-a comparative study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2023;10(11):4187
Raghav D, Krishnapandian PR, Dwivedi A. Comparative Effect of Niel-Asher Technique and Positional Release Technique on Pain, Active ROM and Functional Disability in Adhesive Capsulitis: An Experimental Study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. 2023;17(4):YC01-YC5
Balakrishnan R, Sudhakar S. Effects of scapular clock exercises and scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on pain and functional activities in subjects with adhesive capsulitis. 2024.
Ragapriyaa R, Kamalakannan M, Anitha A, Ramana K. Effect of Scapular Clock Exercise Versus Scapular PNF Exercise on Pain and ROM for Anterior Capsular Stiffness of Shoulder Joint. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy. 2024;18.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Combined Effects of Niel Asher Technique and Scapular Clock Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07484386
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR & AHS/24/0182
- Conditions
- Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder
- Keywords
- Adhesive Capsulitis, Diability, Pain, Range of Motion, SPADI
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 28 Oct 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
One of the most common shoulder condition in developed and developing countries is Adhesive Capsulitis, also known as Frozen Shoulder. Adhesive Capsulitis is a major cause of shoulder functional disability in patient as it is characterized by painful, restricted range of motion and capsular stiffness leading to difficulty in performing normal ADLs, causing an individual's activity limitations in dressing one's self, performing household chores and participation in the society. This study aims to determine the combined effects of Niel Asher Technique (NAT) and Scapular Clock Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in patients with Adhesive Capsulitis.
This Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted was conducted in RC medical Centre Lahore, over a 9-month period. A sample of 34 participants, aged 40-55 years were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Informed
Consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were divided into two groups:
Group A received Niel Asher Technique and Scapular Clock Exercises along with conventional physical therapy, while Group B received only conventional physical therapy which included a moist hot pack, Therapeutic ultrasound, Shoulder Active Range of Motion Exercises and Maitland's Mobilization. Treatment duration will be 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures including Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Universal Goniometer and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) Urdu were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks. Inclusion Criteria includes Stage II and III Adhesive Capsulitis, Positive Capsular pattern with limited both Active and Passive range of motion, shoulder pain with an NPRS score >3 to ≤8. Exclusion Criteria includes patients with any systemic illness, metabolic disorder, prior history of shoulder surgery or shoulder dislocation. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27.0.
Detailed description
One of the most common shoulder condition in developed and developing countries is Adhesive Capsulitis, also known as Frozen Shoulder. Adhesive Capsulitis is a major cause of shoulder functional disability in patient as it is characterized by painful, restricted range of motion and capsular stiffness leading to difficulty in performing normal ADLs, causing an individual's activity limitations in dressing one's self, performing household chores and participation in the society. This study aims to determine the combined effects of Niel Asher Technique (NAT) and Scapular Clock Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in patients with Adhesive Capsulitis.
This Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted was conducted in RC medical Centre Lahore, over a 9-month period. A sample of 34 participants, aged 40-55 years were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Informed
Consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were divided into two groups:
Group A received Niel Asher Technique and Scapular Clock Exercises along with conventional physical therapy, while Group B received only conventional physical therapy which included a moist hot pack, Therapeutic ultrasound, Shoulder Active Range of Motion Exercises and Maitland's Mobilization. Treatment duration will be 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures including Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Universal Goniometer and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) Urdu were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks. Inclusion Criteria includes Stage II and III Adhesive Capsulitis, Positive Capsular pattern with limited both Active and Passive range of motion, shoulder pain with an NPRS score >3 to ≤8. Exclusion Criteria includes patients with any systemic illness, metabolic disorder, prior history of shoulder surgery or shoulder dislocation. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27.0.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Niel Asher Technique and Scapular clock exercises | Experimental | Other: Niel Asher Technique, Other: Scapular clock exercises, Other: Conventional Physical Therapy |
| Conventional Physical Therapy | Active comparator | Other: Conventional Physical Therapy |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 55 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- • Age Group between 40-55 years
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- • Patient with systemic disease (Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorders, RA, Trauma, rotator cuff tears, malignancy, shoulder ligament injuries).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Niel Asher TechniqueFor the management of these taut areas in the muscles, many techniques can be beneficial such as Niel Asher Technique, Ischemic pressure on these areas, Dry Needling, blocking the nerve supply of the muscle beneath the shoulder blade. NAT is a treatment that reinforces the natural healing process of the body for treating AC. This Novel technique consists of five-step treatment regimen involving Myofascial release technique + Deep stroking to manipulate the shoulder joint in a planned and precise order. Niel Asher technique is effective for two reasons, the tight structures surrounding shoulder joint are released first and then the stimulation of the neural pathway at the cortex level and spinal level. | Other | Niel Asher Technique and Scapular clock exercises |
| Scapular clock exercisesScapulothoracic hypomobility issues often occur due to adaptive shortening, due to long- protracted immobility caused by adhesive capsulitis. Scapular clock exercises are helpful in improving and restoring normal upward, downward, forward and backward movement of the shoulder blade. The SCE are responsible in maintaining the normal pattern of muscle mobility, ultimately enhancing the joint function. The musculature surrounding the shoulder blade includes SA, PM and TM, LS, and RM, dynamic multi-plane stability is provided by these muscles and helps in restoring shoulder blade mobility. Thus, during rest and movements, the proper functioning of these muscles is crucial to prevent any soft tissue injury \& developing any faulty posture. | Other | Niel Asher Technique and Scapular clock exercises |
| Conventional Physical TherapyThe control group received conventional physical therapy: * Moist Hot Pack for 10 minutes. * Therapeutic Ultrasound for 10 minutes. * Maitland Mobilization glides passively 2 to 3 per second for 2 to 3 minutes. (Repeated 3 to 5 times) (for 4 weeks; 3 sessions/week). * Shoulder Active ROM exercises. | Other | Conventional Physical Therapy, Niel Asher Technique and Scapular clock exercises |
Primary outcome
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: From the start upto 4 weeks
NPRS is a scale that has eleven points to rate the pain intensity in the individuals by assigning a numeric value from 0 (marked as "no pain") to 10 (marked as "worst possible pain") points. This outcome measure has been widely used in studies and has found to be effective and reliable in the assessment of shoulder pain.
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index
Time frame: From start of study upto 4 weeks
SPADI is a self-report questionnaire that is widely used for assessment of intensity of shoulder pain and its influence on activity of daily living and functional restrictions. It consists of 13 items further sub-divided into pain scale and disability scale that assesses the degree of pain intensity and the problems experiences by the subject in performing everyday tasks such as lifting, reaching activities and sleeping. For each item, the person must assign a score ranging from 0 to 10 points, where a higher score indicates a greater level of pain or disability. The total score of the SPADI is calculated by averaging the results of the two subscales. SPADI has been shown to have good reliability and construct validity for assessing shoulder impairments majorly in patients presenting at the primary care level with shoulder pain
Universal Goniometer
Time frame: From start of study upto 4 weeks
Health care practitioners often use universal goniometer to assess objective measurements of joint mobility to find out the baseline mobility status and to evaluating efficacy of treatment
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Mar 2026.
- BackgroundGulwani AH. A study to find out the effect of scapular stabilization exercises on shoulder ROM and functional outcome in diabetic patients with stage 2 adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint: an interventional study. Int J Sci Healthc Res. 2020;5(2):320-33.
- BackgroundMalpani K, Mungikar S, Katage G. The effect of Shoulder Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with Scapular Stability Exercises on pain, range of motion and function in Adhesive capsulitis-A case study. 2022
- BackgroundSaeed M, Hafeez S, Asad F, Haider W, Nawaz S, Kocub S. Comparison of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and myofascial release techniques on pain and function in scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis: Scapular dyskinesia associated with adhesive capsulitis. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. 2022:123-7.
- BackgroundBaheti MM, Jayswal P, Baheti B. The effect of scapular stabilization exercises on pain and function in patients with frozen shoulder. 2023.
- BackgroundMakwana A, Mishra N. The effect of cyriax soft tissue release and myofascial release on pain pressure threshold, flexibility and muscle length in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis-a comparative study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2023;10(11):4187
- BackgroundRaghav D, Krishnapandian PR, Dwivedi A. Comparative Effect of Niel-Asher Technique and Positional Release Technique on Pain, Active ROM and Functional Disability in Adhesive Capsulitis: An Experimental Study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. 2023;17(4):YC01-YC5
- BackgroundBalakrishnan R, Sudhakar S. Effects of scapular clock exercises and scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on pain and functional activities in subjects with adhesive capsulitis. 2024.
- BackgroundRagapriyaa R, Kamalakannan M, Anitha A, Ramana K. Effect of Scapular Clock Exercise Versus Scapular PNF Exercise on Pain and ROM for Anterior Capsular Stiffness of Shoulder Joint. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy. 2024;18.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Saba Rafique, Masters principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Niel Asher Technique, Scapular clock exercises and Conventional Physical Therapy in people with Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (time frame: From the start upto 4 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07484386, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Mar 2026.