Vergence DisordersOSTEOVERGNCT07452679
Effectiveness of Osteopathy as an Adjunct to Optometric Vision Therapy in Vergence Disorders
A study testing Optometric Vision Therapy and Osteopathic Manual Therapy in people with Vergence Disorders and Binocular Vision Dysfunction, run by Jordi Zaragoza at 1 site in Andorra.
Trial summary
Vergence disorders are common binocular vision conditions that can cause symptoms such as eyestrain, blurred vision, headaches, and difficulty maintaining clear vision during near tasks. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Vergence Disorders, Binocular Vision Dysfunction, Convergence Insufficiency
- What is being tested?
- Optometric Vision Therapy and Osteopathic Manual Therapy
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteAndorra
- Study dates
- 7 Sep 2026to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adult workers (≥18 years) whose regular occupational duties involve screen-based work.
- Presence of symptoms consistent with binocular vision dysfunction, defined as a Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS-V15) score ≥21 at baseline screening.
Who cannot join
- Severe ocular disease or systemic conditions affecting vision (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, retinopathies, glaucoma, keratoconus).
- Neurological disorders affecting ocular motility or visual function (e.g., multiple sclerosis; cranial nerve III, IV, V, or VI palsy).
- Manifest ocular deviation not suitable for management with visual therapy.
- Inadequate refractive correction or prism requirement >10 prism diopters (>10Δ).
- Refractive surgery (LASIK/PRK), cataract surgery, or any ocular surgery likely to influence binocular vision within the past 6 months.
- Use of medications known to affect ocular motility or accommodative function.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Cognitive impairment or neurological conditions interfering with adherence to therapy instructions.
- Suppression or severe amblyopia limiting response to visual therapy.
- Best-corrected visual acuity <0.5 decimal (equivalent to worse than 20/40) at distance or near.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Andorra1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Jordi Zaragoza osteopatia
Andorra la Vella, Andorra, AD500
JORDI Z ZARAGOZA BORT, MSc, +376828783, jzaragozaosteopatia@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Osteopathy as an Adjunct to Optometric Vision Therapy in Subjects With Vergence Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
Vergence disorders are common binocular vision conditions that can cause symptoms such as eyestrain, blurred vision, headaches, and difficulty maintaining clear vision during near tasks. These symptoms are particularly frequent in situations involving sustained near visual demand, such as prolonged use of digital devices, which is increasingly common in daily life.
Optometric vision therapy is considered the reference treatment for vergence disorders. However, not all individuals respond in the same way, and some continue to experience symptoms despite appropriate treatment. For this reason, adjunct therapeutic approaches are being explored to improve clinical outcomes.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether osteopathic manual therapy, when used as an adjunct to optometric vision therapy, provides additional benefits compared with vision therapy alone or vision therapy combined with a sham osteopathic intervention. This randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial will compare three parallel groups and will assess changes in vergence function, oculomotor performance measured by video-oculography, and symptom improvement related to vergence disorders.
Read the detailed description
Vergence disorders are binocular vision dysfunctions characterized by an impaired ability to coordinate eye movements during visual tasks, particularly at near distances. These disorders are associated with a range of symptoms, including visual discomfort, reduced visual efficiency, and decreased functional performance during sustained near-vision activities.
Optometric vision therapy is an evidence-based intervention aimed at improving vergence function and visual efficiency. Despite its effectiveness, clinical response varies among individuals, and a subset of participants may continue to experience persistent symptoms. This variability has prompted interest in adjunctive interventions that may influence neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, or functional components related to oculomotor control.
This study is designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with three parallel arms. Participants diagnosed with vergence disorders will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) optometric vision therapy combined with osteopathic treatment, (2) optometric vision therapy combined with a sham osteopathic intervention, or (3) optometric vision therapy alone.
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate whether the addition of osteopathy to optometric vision therapy results in greater improvements in ocular mobility and efficiency, assessed using video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Secondary objectives include the evaluation of symptom changes associated with vergence disorders using a validated questionnaire (CISS-V15), as well as the exploration of potential relationships between functional ocular impairment, identified somatic dysfunctions, and the anatomical distribution of reported symptoms.
Ocular motor performance will be objectively quantified through standardized vergence tasks recorded by video-oculography, including measures of reaction latency, amplitude variability, amplitude error, and neglect rate. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), post-intervention (within two weeks after completion of the visual therapy program), and at follow-up time points of three and six months after the intervention.
The osteopathic intervention consists of a standardized manual treatment protocol targeting somatic dysfunctions potentially related to binocular vision and vergence function. The sham osteopathic intervention is designed to mimic the context, duration, and therapist-participant interaction of the active manual treatment without applying therapeutic osteopathic techniques, in order to preserve participant blinding.
The results of this study are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of osteopathy as an adjunctive intervention in the management of vergence disorders and to provide clinically relevant data on the relationship between somatic dysfunctions and functional visual alterations in individuals with high visual demand.
- Being tested
- Optometric Vision Therapy, Osteopathic Manual Therapy, Sham Osteopathic Intervention
- Keywords
- Optometric Vision Therapy, Osteopathy, Sham Intervention, Video-oculography, Ocular Motility, Visual Symptoms, Randomized Controlled Trial
- Medical subject headings
- Ocular Motility Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Optometric Vision TherapyBehavioural
Structured optometric vision therapy program consisting of in-office and home-based visual exercises aimed at improving binocular vision and vergence function. The intervention is standardized across participants and delivered by qualified optometrists following a predefined protocol.
Osteopathic Manual TherapyBehavioural
Standardized manual osteopathic intervention delivered as an adjunct to optometric vision therapy. The intervention consists of predefined manual techniques targeting somatic dysfunctions potentially related to binocular vision and vergence, applied according to a fixed protocol and session schedule. The intervention protocol is predefined and documented in detail to ensure consistency across participants.
Sham Osteopathic InterventionBehavioural
Sham manual intervention designed to mimic the context, duration, and therapist-participant interaction of the osteopathic intervention without applying therapeutic osteopathic techniques. The procedure is standardized and intended to maintain participant blinding.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Vision Therapy Alone | Active comparator | Participants receive optometric vision therapy alone, consisting of structured in-office and home-based exercises targeting vergence and binocular vision dysfunctions. Receives: Behavioral: Optometric Vision Therapy |
| Vision Therapy + Osteopathic Treatment | Experimental | Participants receive two sessions of standardized osteopathic manual treatment separated by approximately three weeks, followed by a structured optometric vision therapy program consisting of 8 sessions delivered at a frequency of 1-2 sessions per week. Receives: Behavioral: Optometric Vision Therapy; Behavioral: Osteopathic Manual Therapy |
| Vision Therapy + Sham Osteopathic Intervention | Sham comparator | Participants receive two sessions of a standardized sham osteopathic intervention separated by approximately three weeks, designed to mimic the context and duration of manual treatment without applying therapeutic techniques, followed by the same structured optometric vision therapy program (8 sessions, 1-2 sessions per week). Receives: Behavioral: Optometric Vision Therapy; Behavioral: Sham Osteopathic Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in vergence reaction latency measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Reaction latency (milliseconds) during standardized binocular convergence and divergence tasks recorded using video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Lower latency values indicate better vergence motor performance.
Measured: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Change in vergence amplitude variability measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Variability of vergence response amplitude (%) during standardized binocular convergence and divergence tasks recorded using video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Higher variability indicates lower stability of vergence motor control.
Measured: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Change in vergence amplitude error measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Amplitude error (%) of vergence responses relative to the target stimulus during standardized convergence and divergence tasks, automatically quantified by video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Lower error values indicate more accurate vergence performance.
Measured: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Change in vergence neglect rate measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Neglect rate (%) defined as the proportion of trials with absent or undetected vergence response during standardized convergence and divergence tasks, recorded automatically by video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Lower neglect rates indicate improved vergence function.
Measured: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score (CISS-V15)
Total score of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS-V15; range 0-60). Higher scores indicate greater symptom burden related to binocular vision dysfunction.
Measured: Baseline (pre-intervention); immediately after the post-intervention assessment (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Mar 2026
- Study start7 Sep 2026
- Primary completionDec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Vergence DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with three parallel arms comparing: (1) optometric vision therapy combined with osteopathic treatment; (2) optometric vision therapy combined with sham osteopathic intervention; and (3) optometric vision therapy alone. Participants and outcome assessors will be blinded to group allocation.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Jordi Zaragoza
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Jordi Zaragoza, Jordi Zaragoza Bort
- Investigators
- JORDI Z ZARAGOZA BORT, DO, Principal investigator, Private Practice, Andorra
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07452679
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- JZB-OPT-OST-01
- Other IDs
- JZB-OPT-OST-01
- Acronym
- OSTEOVERG
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 13 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Rankin EA, Delashmutt MB. Finding spirituality and nursing presence: the student's challenge. J Holist Nurs. 2006 Dec;24(4):282-8. doi: 10.1177/0898010106294423.
PubMed 17098882DeMatteo RP, Maki RG, Singer S, Gonen M, Brennan MF, Antonescu CR. Results of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy followed by surgical resection for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Ann Surg. 2007 Mar;245(3):347-52. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000236630.93587.59.
PubMed 17435539Walker D. Autophagy: a new link in the chain. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Sep;11(9):604-5. doi: 10.1038/nrm2954. Epub 2010 Aug 4. No abstract available.
PubMed 20683468Brugger B. Lipidomics: analysis of the lipid composition of cells and subcellular organelles by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Annu Rev Biochem. 2014;83:79-98. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035324. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
PubMed 24606142Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Oct;126(10):1336-49. doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.10.1336.
PubMed 18852411Challacombe SJ, Scully C, Keevil B, Lehner T. Serum ferritin in recurrent oral ulceration. J Oral Pathol. 1983 Aug;12(4):290-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1983.tb00339.x.
PubMed 6411882Rouse MW, Borsting EJ, Mitchell GL, Scheiman M, Cotter SA, Cooper J, Kulp MT, London R, Wensveen J; Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Group. Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2004 Sep;24(5):384-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2004.00202.x.
PubMed 15315652Pringuey D, Fakra E, Cherikh F, Jover F, Giordana B, Clad C, Kohl F, Azorin JM. [Endophenotypes of the biorhythms and the sleep in depression]. Encephale. 2012 Dec;38 Suppl 3:S116-20. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7006(12)70089-1. French.
PubMed 23279985SPIRIT 2013 24606142
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Osteopathy as an Adjunct to Optometric Vision Therapy in Subjects With Vergence Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07452679
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- OSTEOVERG / JZB-OPT-OST-01
- Keywords
- Optometric Vision Therapy, Osteopathy, Sham Intervention, Video-oculography, Ocular Motility, Visual Symptoms, Randomized Controlled Trial
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Jordi ZaragozaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Vergence disorders are common binocular vision conditions that can cause symptoms such as eyestrain, blurred vision, headaches, and difficulty maintaining clear vision during near tasks. These symptoms are particularly frequent in situations involving sustained near visual demand, such as prolonged use of digital devices, which is increasingly common in daily life.
Optometric vision therapy is considered the reference treatment for vergence disorders. However, not all individuals respond in the same way, and some continue to experience symptoms despite appropriate treatment. For this reason, adjunct therapeutic approaches are being explored to improve clinical outcomes.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether osteopathic manual therapy, when used as an adjunct to optometric vision therapy, provides additional benefits compared with vision therapy alone or vision therapy combined with a sham osteopathic intervention. This randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial will compare three parallel groups and will assess changes in vergence function, oculomotor performance measured by video-oculography, and symptom improvement related to vergence disorders.
Detailed description
Vergence disorders are binocular vision dysfunctions characterized by an impaired ability to coordinate eye movements during visual tasks, particularly at near distances. These disorders are associated with a range of symptoms, including visual discomfort, reduced visual efficiency, and decreased functional performance during sustained near-vision activities.
Optometric vision therapy is an evidence-based intervention aimed at improving vergence function and visual efficiency. Despite its effectiveness, clinical response varies among individuals, and a subset of participants may continue to experience persistent symptoms. This variability has prompted interest in adjunctive interventions that may influence neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, or functional components related to oculomotor control.
This study is designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with three parallel arms. Participants diagnosed with vergence disorders will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) optometric vision therapy combined with osteopathic treatment, (2) optometric vision therapy combined with a sham osteopathic intervention, or (3) optometric vision therapy alone.
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate whether the addition of osteopathy to optometric vision therapy results in greater improvements in ocular mobility and efficiency, assessed using video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Secondary objectives include the evaluation of symptom changes associated with vergence disorders using a validated questionnaire (CISS-V15), as well as the exploration of potential relationships between functional ocular impairment, identified somatic dysfunctions, and the anatomical distribution of reported symptoms.
Ocular motor performance will be objectively quantified through standardized vergence tasks recorded by video-oculography, including measures of reaction latency, amplitude variability, amplitude error, and neglect rate. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), post-intervention (within two weeks after completion of the visual therapy program), and at follow-up time points of three and six months after the intervention.
The osteopathic intervention consists of a standardized manual treatment protocol targeting somatic dysfunctions potentially related to binocular vision and vergence function. The sham osteopathic intervention is designed to mimic the context, duration, and therapist-participant interaction of the active manual treatment without applying therapeutic osteopathic techniques, in order to preserve participant blinding.
The results of this study are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of osteopathy as an adjunctive intervention in the management of vergence disorders and to provide clinically relevant data on the relationship between somatic dysfunctions and functional visual alterations in individuals with high visual demand.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with three parallel arms comparing: (1) optometric vision therapy combined with osteopathic treatment; (2) optometric vision therapy combined with sham osteopathic intervention; and (3) optometric vision therapy alone. Participants and outcome assessors will be blinded to group allocation.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Vision Therapy Alone | Active comparator | Behavioral: Optometric Vision TherapyParticipants receive optometric vision therapy alone, consisting of structured in-office and home-based exercises targeting vergence and binocular vision dysfunctions. |
| Vision Therapy + Osteopathic Treatment | Experimental | Behavioral: Optometric Vision Therapy, Behavioral: Osteopathic Manual TherapyParticipants receive two sessions of standardized osteopathic manual treatment separated by approximately three weeks, followed by a structured optometric vision therapy program consisting of 8 sessions delivered at a frequency of 1-2 sessions per week. |
| Vision Therapy + Sham Osteopathic Intervention | Sham comparator | Behavioral: Optometric Vision Therapy, Behavioral: Sham Osteopathic InterventionParticipants receive two sessions of a standardized sham osteopathic intervention separated by approximately three weeks, designed to mimic the context and duration of manual treatment without applying therapeutic techniques, followed by the same structured optometric vision therapy program (8 sessions, 1-2 sessions per week). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Adult workers (≥18 years) whose regular occupational duties involve screen-based work.
- Presence of symptoms consistent with binocular vision dysfunction, defined as a Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS-V15) score ≥21 at baseline screening.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Severe ocular disease or systemic conditions affecting vision (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, retinopathies, glaucoma, keratoconus).
- Neurological disorders affecting ocular motility or visual function (e.g., multiple sclerosis; cranial nerve III, IV, V, or VI palsy).
- Manifest ocular deviation not suitable for management with visual therapy.
- Inadequate refractive correction or prism requirement >10 prism diopters (>10Δ).
- Refractive surgery (LASIK/PRK), cataract surgery, or any ocular surgery likely to influence binocular vision within the past 6 months.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Optometric Vision TherapyStructured optometric vision therapy program consisting of in-office and home-based visual exercises aimed at improving binocular vision and vergence function. The intervention is standardized across participants and delivered by qualified optometrists following a predefined protocol. | Behavioural | Vision Therapy + Osteopathic Treatment, Vision Therapy + Sham Osteopathic Intervention, Vision Therapy Alone |
| Osteopathic Manual TherapyStandardized manual osteopathic intervention delivered as an adjunct to optometric vision therapy. The intervention consists of predefined manual techniques targeting somatic dysfunctions potentially related to binocular vision and vergence, applied according to a fixed protocol and session schedule. The intervention protocol is predefined and documented in detail to ensure consistency across participants. | Behavioural | Vision Therapy + Osteopathic Treatment |
| Sham Osteopathic InterventionSham manual intervention designed to mimic the context, duration, and therapist-participant interaction of the osteopathic intervention without applying therapeutic osteopathic techniques. The procedure is standardized and intended to maintain participant blinding. | Behavioural | Vision Therapy + Sham Osteopathic Intervention |
Primary outcome
Change in vergence reaction latency measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Reaction latency (milliseconds) during standardized binocular convergence and divergence tasks recorded using video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Lower latency values indicate better vergence motor performance.
Change in vergence amplitude variability measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Variability of vergence response amplitude (%) during standardized binocular convergence and divergence tasks recorded using video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Higher variability indicates lower stability of vergence motor control.
Change in vergence amplitude error measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Amplitude error (%) of vergence responses relative to the target stimulus during standardized convergence and divergence tasks, automatically quantified by video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Lower error values indicate more accurate vergence performance.
Change in vergence neglect rate measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Neglect rate (%) defined as the proportion of trials with absent or undetected vergence response during standardized convergence and divergence tasks, recorded automatically by video-oculography systems (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam). Lower neglect rates indicate improved vergence function.
1 secondary outcome
Change in Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score (CISS-V15)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention); immediately after the post-intervention assessment (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Oct 2026.
- Background: PubMed 17098882Rankin EA, Delashmutt MB. Finding spirituality and nursing presence: the student's challenge. J Holist Nurs. 2006 Dec;24(4):282-8. doi: 10.1177/0898010106294423.
- Background: PubMed 17435539DeMatteo RP, Maki RG, Singer S, Gonen M, Brennan MF, Antonescu CR. Results of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy followed by surgical resection for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Ann Surg. 2007 Mar;245(3):347-52. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000236630.93587.59.
- Background: PubMed 20683468Walker D. Autophagy: a new link in the chain. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Sep;11(9):604-5. doi: 10.1038/nrm2954. Epub 2010 Aug 4. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 24606142Brugger B. Lipidomics: analysis of the lipid composition of cells and subcellular organelles by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Annu Rev Biochem. 2014;83:79-98. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035324. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
- Background: PubMed 18852411Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Oct;126(10):1336-49. doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.10.1336.
- Background: PubMed 6411882Challacombe SJ, Scully C, Keevil B, Lehner T. Serum ferritin in recurrent oral ulceration. J Oral Pathol. 1983 Aug;12(4):290-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1983.tb00339.x.
- Background: PubMed 15315652Rouse MW, Borsting EJ, Mitchell GL, Scheiman M, Cotter SA, Cooper J, Kulp MT, London R, Wensveen J; Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Group. Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2004 Sep;24(5):384-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2004.00202.x.
- Background: PubMed 23279985Pringuey D, Fakra E, Cherikh F, Jover F, Giordana B, Clad C, Kohl F, Azorin JM. [Endophenotypes of the biorhythms and the sleep in depression]. Encephale. 2012 Dec;38 Suppl 3:S116-20. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7006(12)70089-1. French.
- BackgroundSPIRIT 2013 24606142
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Vergence Disorders
Recruiting
Vision Therapy Versus Prism Treatment in Small-angle Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia
Esotropia
RecruitingObservational study
A Comparative Study of Fusional Vergence According to Ocular Dominance in Healthy Subjects
No Eye Disorder
RecruitingObservational study
Longitudinal Measurements of Visual Diet in Children
Myopia, Visual Diet
Active, not recruitingObservational study
Exploring Eye Vergence Markers ADHD) and ASD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Not yet recruitingPhase 2
Natural History of MTBI-related Convergence Insufficiency & Effectiveness of Vision Therapy for MTBI-related CI
Convergence Insufficiency
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
JORDI Z ZARAGOZA BORT, DO principal investigator
Private Practice, Andorra
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Optometric Vision Therapy and Osteopathic Manual Therapy in people with Vergence Disorders and Binocular Vision Dysfunction, run by Jordi Zaragoza at 1 site in Andorra.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Andorra. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact JORDI Z ZARAGOZA BORT, MSc (+376342813, jzaragozaosteopatia@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in vergence reaction latency measured by video-oculography (REMOBI and EyeSeeCam) (time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention); post-intervention (within 2 weeks after the last visual therapy session); 3 months after post-intervention assessment; 6 months after post-intervention assessment.). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07452679, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Oct 2026.