Breast CancerNCT07436169
2D:4D Finger Ratio and Breast Cancer in Women
An observational study of Breast Cancer and Anthropometric Measurements, run by Malatya Turgut Ozal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This prospective study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to healthy controls and to examine its potential association with tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 70 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Breast Cancer, Anthropometric Measurements, Females
- How many people
- 132 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2024to 7 Aug 2025
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 70 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Women aged 18 years and older who attended the breast clinic during the study period, including patients with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer and age-matched healthy controls.
Who may be able to join
- Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed primary breast cancer who were evaluated and/or treated at the breast clinic during the study period and who provided written informed consent were included in the study.
Who cannot join
- Individuals with hand deformities, a history of finger fractures, or finger deformities were excluded from the study during finger measurements
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Malatya Turgut Ozal University
Malatya, Central, 44100
About this study
Official title: Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Finger 2d-4d Ratios And Cancer In Breast Cancer Patients. A Randomized Controlled Trial
This prospective study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to healthy controls and to examine its potential association with tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3).
A total of 132 women are included in the study, comprising 79 patients with breast cancer and 53 healthy controls. Participants are recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios, and serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded. Statistical analyses are performed to assess correlations between finger morphometry and tumor marker levels.
The study seeks to explore whether finger length patterns and 2D:4D ratios are associated with breast cancer status and selected tumor markers, and to evaluate their potential relevance as non-invasive indicators related to hormonal exposure history.
Read the detailed description
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Prenatal hormonal exposure has been proposed as a potential factor influencing the development of hormone-related cancers. The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is considered an indirect marker of prenatal androgen and estrogen exposure and has been investigated in relation to various health conditions.
This prospective study is designed to evaluate differences in 2D:4D finger ratios between women diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy controls and to examine potential associations between digit ratios and tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3).
A total of 132 women are included in the study, consisting of 79 breast cancer patients and 53 healthy controls recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths of both hands are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios. Serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded as part of routine clinical evaluation.
Statistical analyses are conducted to assess correlations between finger measurements, digit ratios, and tumor marker levels. The study aims to explore whether finger morphometry may provide additional insight into hormonal exposure patterns and their potential relevance in breast cancer assessment.
- Conditions
- Breast Cancer, Anthropometric Measurements, Females
- Keywords
- breast cancer, 2D:4D Ratio, CEA, Anatomy, CA 15-3, Anthropometry
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Neoplasms, Medullary cystic kidney disease 1
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer Patients | Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer. | |
| Healthy Controls | Age-matched women without a history of breast cancer or other malignancies. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
only description measurement
The lengths of the second (index) and fourth (ring) digits were measured on both hands of all participants to calculate the 2D:4D digit ratio. Measurements were obtained using a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. Each digit was measured from the midpoint of the basal crease (proximal flexion crease) to the tip of the finger, with the hand placed flat and fully extended on a stable surface.
Measured: 1 patientt's measurements have taken nearly 20 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Feb 2026
- Study start1 Apr 2024
- Primary completion2 Jul 2024
- Study completion7 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Breast CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 132 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Malatya Turgut Ozal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Muhammed Furkan ARPACI, Malatya Turgut Ozal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07436169
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- B.270
- Other IDs
- B.270
- Status last verified
- Mar 2024
- First submitted
- 21 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 27 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be publicly shared to protect patient confidentiality and in accordance with institutional ethics committee policies. De-identified aggregate data may be available upon reasonable request.
Publications
1. Li C, Li H, Zhong H, Li X. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with survival outcomes in female breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 01 Eylül 2021;212:105947. 2. Bidard FC, Hajage D, Bachelot T, Delaloge S, Brain E, Campone M, vd. Assessment of circulating tumor cells and serum markers for progression-free survival prediction in metastatic breast cancer: a prospective observational study. Breast Cancer Res. 13 Şubat 2012;14(1):R29. 3. Falzarano R, Viggiani V, Michienzi S, Longo F, Tudini S, Frati L, vd. Evaluation of a CLEIA automated assay system for the detection of a panel of tumor markers. Tumour Biol. Ekim 2013;34(5):3093-100. 4. Hasan D. Diagnostic impact of CEA and CA 15-3 on chemotherapy monitoring of breast cancer patients. J Circ Biomark. 2022;11:57-63. 5. Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewther B, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D: 4D): a biomarker for prenatal sex steroids and adult sex steroids in challenge situations. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2014;5:9. 6. Manning JT, Churchill AJG, Peters M. The Effects of Sex, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation on Self-Measured Digit Ratio (2D:4D). Arch Sex Behav. Nisan 2007;36(2):223-33. 7. Bağci Uzun G, İnceoğlu F. Association of 2D:4D finger length ratio of People Working in different professions with personality traits. Heliyon. Haziran 2024;10(11):e32332. 8. Fonseca C de AD, Martelli DRB, Maia CMF, Dias VO, Carvalho AA, Júnior HM. Digital biomarker 2D:4D as a predictor of cancer: A systematic review. Early Hum Dev. Ocak 2022;164:105521. 9. Swift-Gallant A, Aung T, Salia S, Breedlove SM, Puts D. Sexual orientation is associated with 2D:4D finger length ratios in both sexes: an updated and expanded meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2025;16:1559158. 10. Muller DC, Baglietto L, Manning JT, McLean C, Hopper JL, English DR, vd. Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), breast cancer risk factors, and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Canc
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Finger 2d-4d Ratios And Cancer In Breast Cancer Patients. A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07436169
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- B.270
- Conditions
- Breast Cancer, Anthropometric Measurements, Females
- Keywords
- breast cancer, 2D:4D Ratio, CEA, Anatomy, CA 15-3, Anthropometry
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 132 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Malatya Turgut Ozal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 7 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This prospective study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to healthy controls and to examine its potential association with tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3).
A total of 132 women are included in the study, comprising 79 patients with breast cancer and 53 healthy controls. Participants are recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios, and serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded. Statistical analyses are performed to assess correlations between finger morphometry and tumor marker levels.
The study seeks to explore whether finger length patterns and 2D:4D ratios are associated with breast cancer status and selected tumor markers, and to evaluate their potential relevance as non-invasive indicators related to hormonal exposure history.
Detailed description
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Prenatal hormonal exposure has been proposed as a potential factor influencing the development of hormone-related cancers. The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is considered an indirect marker of prenatal androgen and estrogen exposure and has been investigated in relation to various health conditions.
This prospective study is designed to evaluate differences in 2D:4D finger ratios between women diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy controls and to examine potential associations between digit ratios and tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3).
A total of 132 women are included in the study, consisting of 79 breast cancer patients and 53 healthy controls recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths of both hands are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios. Serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded as part of routine clinical evaluation.
Statistical analyses are conducted to assess correlations between finger measurements, digit ratios, and tumor marker levels. The study aims to explore whether finger morphometry may provide additional insight into hormonal exposure patterns and their potential relevance in breast cancer assessment.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer Patients | – | –Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer. |
| Healthy Controls | – | –Age-matched women without a history of breast cancer or other malignancies. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 70 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Women aged 18 years and older who attended the breast clinic during the study period, including patients with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer and age-matched healthy controls.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Women aged 18 years and older with histopathologically confirmed primary breast cancer who were evaluated and/or treated at the breast clinic during the study period and who provided written informed consent were included in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Individuals with hand deformities, a history of finger fractures, or finger deformities were excluded from the study during finger measurements
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
only description measurement
Time frame: 1 patientt's measurements have taken nearly 20 minutes
The lengths of the second (index) and fourth (ring) digits were measured on both hands of all participants to calculate the 2D:4D digit ratio. Measurements were obtained using a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. Each digit was measured from the midpoint of the basal crease (proximal flexion crease) to the tip of the finger, with the hand placed flat and fully extended on a stable surface.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Feb 2026.
- Results publication1. Li C, Li H, Zhong H, Li X. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with survival outcomes in female breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 01 Eylül 2021;212:105947. 2. Bidard FC, Hajage D, Bachelot T, Delaloge S, Brain E, Campone M, vd. Assessment of circulating tumor cells and serum markers for progression-free survival prediction in metastatic breast cancer: a prospective observational study. Breast Cancer Res. 13 Şubat 2012;14(1):R29. 3. Falzarano R, Viggiani V, Michienzi S, Longo F, Tudini S, Frati L, vd. Evaluation of a CLEIA automated assay system for the detection of a panel of tumor markers. Tumour Biol. Ekim 2013;34(5):3093-100. 4. Hasan D. Diagnostic impact of CEA and CA 15-3 on chemotherapy monitoring of breast cancer patients. J Circ Biomark. 2022;11:57-63. 5. Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewther B, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D: 4D): a biomarker for prenatal sex steroids and adult sex steroids in challenge situations. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2014;5:9. 6. Manning JT, Churchill AJG, Peters M. The Effects of Sex, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation on Self-Measured Digit Ratio (2D:4D). Arch Sex Behav. Nisan 2007;36(2):223-33. 7. Bağci Uzun G, İnceoğlu F. Association of 2D:4D finger length ratio of People Working in different professions with personality traits. Heliyon. Haziran 2024;10(11):e32332. 8. Fonseca C de AD, Martelli DRB, Maia CMF, Dias VO, Carvalho AA, Júnior HM. Digital biomarker 2D:4D as a predictor of cancer: A systematic review. Early Hum Dev. Ocak 2022;164:105521. 9. Swift-Gallant A, Aung T, Salia S, Breedlove SM, Puts D. Sexual orientation is associated with 2D:4D finger length ratios in both sexes: an updated and expanded meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2025;16:1559158. 10. Muller DC, Baglietto L, Manning JT, McLean C, Hopper JL, English DR, vd. Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), breast cancer risk factors, and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Canc
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be publicly shared to protect patient confidentiality and in accordance with institutional ethics committee policies. De-identified aggregate data may be available upon reasonable request.
Related trials for Breast Cancer
Active, not recruiting
Streamlined Geriatric and Oncological Evaluation Based On IC Technology
Breast Cancer, Comorbidities and Coexisting Conditions
RecruitingPhase 2
Gene Signatures to Guide HR+MBC Therapy in a Diverse Cohort
Invasive Mammary Carcinoma, Metastatic Breast Cancer
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Comparison of Reliability, Time Cost, and Participant Comfort of Lymphedema Assessments in Upper Extremity
Lymphedema, Upper Extremity Lymphedema
RecruitingPhase 3
A Study of Camrelizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Combination With or Without Famitinib as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Participants With Triple Negative Breast Cancer (BCTOP-T-N01)
TNBC - Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
RecruitingPhase 3
Testing Whether Hormone Therapy With Ribociclib is as Effective as Chemotherapy Followed by Hormone Therapy With Ribociclib for the Treatment of High Anatomic Stage Breast Cancer With Low Recurrence Risk, The RxFINE-Low Trial
Anatomic Stage II Breast Cancer AJCC v8, Anatomic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Breast Cancer and Anthropometric Measurements, run by Malatya Turgut Ozal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
only description measurement (time frame: 1 patientt's measurements have taken nearly 20 minutes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07436169, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Feb 2026.