Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)NCT07432711
The Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Relieving Postoperative Pain After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
A study testing Bupivacaine hydrochloride and Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine in people with Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and Pain Management, run by Beijing Tiantan Hospital at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy. It is reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 64 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS), Pain Management, Liposomal Bupivacaine
- What is being tested?
- Bupivacaine hydrochloride and Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 2 Mar 2026to 30 Jun 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 64 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy or wedge resection under general anesthesia;
- Ages 18 to 64 years old；
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III；
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15；
- Patients must be able to understand the nature and potential personal consequences of the clinical trial, signing of the informed consent form.
Who cannot join
- History of chronic pain syndrome of any cause.
- Patients with heart conduction block (sinus block or atrioventricular block).
- Patients with unstable coronary artery disease.
- Patients with gastric ulcer or gastric bleeding.
- Patients with diabetes and are being treated with insulin.
- Subjects with coagulation dysfunction (prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time is higher than the normal threshold) or patients who are taking oral anticoagulants for other medical reasons and have not stopped it before surgery, such as warfarin or new anticoagulants rivaroxaban or dabigatran.
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- Patients with abnormal liver function: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin (TBIL) ≥ 1.5×ULN.
- Patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine > 176 µmol/L) or receiving dialysis treatment within 28 days before surgery.
- Patients with a history of diagnosed mental illness or currently taking psychotropic medication.
- Excessive alcohol or drug abuse, chronic opioid use (more than 2 weeks or 3 days per week for more than 1 month), use of drugs with confirmed or suspected sedative or analgesic effects, or use of any painkiller within 24 h before surgery.
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Extreme body mass index (BMI) (< 15 or > 35).
- Participation in another interventional trial that interferes with the intervention or outcome of this trial.
- Patients with a history of allergy to local anaesthetics or one of the study drugs.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
China1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Beijing Tiantan Hospital
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, 100070
Fang Luo, +86 13611326978, 13611326978@163.com
About this study
Official title: The Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Bupivacaine Local Incisional Infiltration for Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy. It is reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative complications, and affect the rehabilitation process.If acute pain is not managed promptly and sufficiently, nearly one-quarter of patients may develop chronic pain, impacting normal life and sleep quality after discharge. Local infiltration anesthesia at the incision site is one of the simplest, safest, and most effective methods for preventing postoperative incision pain. Liposomal bupivacaine(LB) is a novel, long-acting, sustained-release amide-type local anesthetic, providing localized analgesic effects for up to 72 hours. Some researchers have reported the analgesic effects of LB VS traditional local anesthetics infiltration, but the current research results are highly heterogeneous. More prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether LB infiltration is superior to the traditional local anesthetics for the management of postoperative pain. The investigators designed this study to compare the analgesic effect of using LB plus bupivacaine for local infiltration with bupivacaine along for patients after VATS.
- Conditions
- Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS), Pain Management, Liposomal Bupivacaine, Local Injection
- Being tested
- Bupivacaine hydrochloride, Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine
- Medical subject headings
- Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bupivacaine hydrochlorideDrug
The 40 mL 0.25% Bupivacaine hydrochloride (100 mg, normal saline dilution) for the Bupivacaine hydrochloride group.Local infiltration will be performed by the thoracic surgeon before closure. A total of 30-40 mL of fluid will be injected at the incision.The PCA solution is prepared by diluting 100 μg of sufentanil and 16 mg of ondansetron with normal saline to a total volume of 100 mL. Postoperatively, the patient may press the demand button for analgesia. Each activation delivers a 2 mL bolus, with a lockout interval of 10 minutes.If analgesia remains inadequate after four consecutive demands, one Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets (containing 5 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and 325 mg acetaminophen) is administered orally, with a minimum interval of 6 hours between repeated administrations. If pain persists, intravenous morphine 5 mg may be administered at intervals no shorter than 4 hours.
Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaineDrug
The 20 mL (266 mg) of liposomal bupivacaine will be mixed with a volume of 20 mL 0.25% Bupivacaine hydrochloride (50 mg, normal saline dilution) for the Liposomal Bupivacaine plus Bupivacaine hydrochloride group.Local infiltration will be performed by the thoracic surgeon before closure.A total of 30-40 mL of fluid will be injected at the incision.The PCA solution is prepared by diluting 100 μg of sufentanil and 16 mg of ondansetron with normal saline to a total volume of 100 mL. Postoperatively, the patient may press the demand button for analgesia. Each activation delivers a 2 mL bolus, with a lockout interval of 10 minutes.If analgesia remains inadequate after four consecutive demands, one Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets (containing 5 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and 325 mg acetaminophen) is administered orally, with a minimum interval of 6 hours between repeated administrations. If pain persists, intravenous morphine 5 mg may be administered at intervals no shorter than 4 hours.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine hydrochloride | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Bupivacaine hydrochloride |
| Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine | Experimental | Not described Receives: Drug: Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Intravenous Morphine Equivalents of Rescue Analgesic Medications Within 48 Hours Postoperatively
Measured: The postoperative period 48 hours.
Secondary outcomes (16)
Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Numeric Rating Scale at rest (NRSr) Within 0-72 Hours Postoperatively
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) designates 0 as representing no pain and 10 as representing the most severe pain; scores of 1-3 indicate mild pain, 4-6 denote moderate pain, and 7-10 signify severe pain.
Measured: Data will be collected at 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively.
Numeric Rating Scale at rest (NRSr) at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) designates 0 as representing no pain and 10 as representing the most severe pain; scores of 1-3 indicate mild pain, 4-6 denote moderate pain, and 7-10 signify severe pain.
Measured: Postoperative day 7, month 1, and month 3.
Time to request of first analgesia
Measured: Within 48 hours postoperatively.
Cumulative sufentanil dose for four separate periods (0-4, 4-8, 8-24, and 24-48 h), a total press count including both valid and invalid presses
Measured: Postoperative Hours 4, 8, 24, and 48.
Duration days of Oral Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets Administration
Measured: Within 3 months postoperatively.
Patient Satisfaction Scale，PSS
On a scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 denotes "completely dissatisfied" and 10 signifies "extremely satisfied."
Measured: Postoperative hours 2, 24, 48, and 72; week 1; month 1; and month 3.
Ramsay Sedation Scale，RSS
The RSS utilizes a six-point scale to evaluate sedation levels. The total score ranges from 1 to 6 as follows: anxious or agitated (1 point); oriented, calm, and cooperative (2 points); responsive to commands (3 points); drowsy with brisk response to glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus (4 points); drowsy with sluggish response to glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus (5 points)；and drowsy with no response whatsoever（6）points. A score of 1 reflects inadequate sedation, scores of 2 to 4 indicate satisfactory sedation, while scores of 5 to 6 denote oversedation.
Measured: Postoperative at 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours.
Quality of Recovery-40，QoR-40
The Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) serves as a globally recognized metric for evaluating the quality of recovery. It encompasses five dimensions-emotional state, physical comfort, physiological independence, psychological support, and pain-comprising a total of 40 items, each rated on a 1-5 scoring scale. The overall QoR-40 score ranges from 40 (indicating extremely poor recovery quality) to 200 (representing excellent recovery quality).
Measured: Postoperative hours 24, 48, and 72.
The length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit（PACU）
The time from the end of surgery until the patient regains consciousness and has stable vital signs after extubating and is subsequently transferred back to the ward.
Measured: The time from the end of surgery until transferred back to the ward.Typically, patients are transferred back to the ward after approximately 30 to 60 minute.
Length of Stay (LOS)
Measured: Perioperation.
Total hospitalization expenses incurred during the patient's inpatient stay
Measured: Perioperation.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting，PONV
Measured: Postoperatively within 72 hours.
Adverse events，AEs
Systemic Toxicity of Local Anesthetics (LAST), localized hematoma, pruritus, hypotension, arrhythmia, delirium, etl.
Measured: Within 72 hours postoperatively.
Area under the curve (AUC) of the Numerical Rating Scale during movement (NRSm) within 0-72 hours postoperatively
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) designates 0 as representing no pain and 10 as representing the most severe pain; scores of 1-3 indicate mild pain, 4-6 denote moderate pain, and 7-10 signify severe pain.
Measured: Data will be collected at 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively.
Numeric Rating Scale during movement (NRSm) at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) designates 0 as representing no pain and 10 as representing the most severe pain; scores of 1-3 indicate mild pain, 4-6 denote moderate pain, and 7-10 signify severe pain.
Measured: Postoperative day 7, month 1, and month 3.
Total dosage of orally oxycodone and acetaminophen tablets
Measured: Within 3 months postoperatively.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Feb 2026
- Study start2 Mar 2026
- Primary completion30 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Beijing Tiantan HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Fang Luo, Beijing Tiantan Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07432711
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KY2025-289-02-1
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Feb 2026
- Last updated
- 14 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after de-identification (text, tables, figures and appendices) are available. Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author Fang Luo on request.
Publications
Zhao HX, Dou W, Meng XT, Shi YF, Shan XS, Ji FH, Chen SM, Peng K. Liposomal bupivacaine vs. Ropivacaine for wound infiltration on chronic postsurgical pain after video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2543522. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2543522. Epub 2025 Aug 4.
PubMed 40760826Dikici M, Akesen S, Yavascaoglu B, Bayram AS, Kaya FN, Gurbet A. Comparison of intraoperative and post-operative effects of serratus anterior plane block performed with ultrasound and infiltration block in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Agri. 2022 Jan;34(1):23-32. doi: 10.14744/agri.2021.22605.
PubMed 34988957
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Bupivacaine Local Incisional Infiltration for Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07432711
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KY2025-289-02-1
- Conditions
- Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS), Pain Management, Liposomal Bupivacaine, Local Injection
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Beijing Tiantan HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is less invasive compared to traditional thoracotomy. It is reported that the incidence of acute pain following VATS exceeds 80%. Inadequate postoperative analgesia may trigger a series of adverse physiological stress responses, increase the occurrence of postoperative complications, and affect the rehabilitation process.If acute pain is not managed promptly and sufficiently, nearly one-quarter of patients may develop chronic pain, impacting normal life and sleep quality after discharge. Local infiltration anesthesia at the incision site is one of the simplest, safest, and most effective methods for preventing postoperative incision pain. Liposomal bupivacaine(LB) is a novel, long-acting, sustained-release amide-type local anesthetic, providing localized analgesic effects for up to 72 hours. Some researchers have reported the analgesic effects of LB VS traditional local anesthetics infiltration, but the current research results are highly heterogeneous. More prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether LB infiltration is superior to the traditional local anesthetics for the management of postoperative pain. The investigators designed this study to compare the analgesic effect of using LB plus bupivacaine for local infiltration with bupivacaine along for patients after VATS.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine hydrochloride | Active comparator | Drug: Bupivacaine hydrochloride |
| Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine | Experimental | Drug: Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 64 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy or wedge resection under general anesthesia;
- Ages 18 to 64 years old；
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I-III；
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15；
- Patients must be able to understand the nature and potential personal consequences of the clinical trial, signing of the informed consent form.
Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)
- History of chronic pain syndrome of any cause.
- Patients with heart conduction block (sinus block or atrioventricular block).
- Patients with unstable coronary artery disease.
- Patients with gastric ulcer or gastric bleeding.
- Patients with diabetes and are being treated with insulin.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bupivacaine hydrochlorideThe 40 mL 0.25% Bupivacaine hydrochloride (100 mg, normal saline dilution) for the Bupivacaine hydrochloride group.Local infiltration will be performed by the thoracic surgeon before closure. A total of 30-40 mL of fluid will be injected at the incision.The PCA solution is prepared by diluting 100 μg of sufentanil and 16 mg of ondansetron with normal saline to a total volume of 100 mL. Postoperatively, the patient may press the demand button for analgesia. Each activation delivers a 2 mL bolus, with a lockout interval of 10 minutes.If analgesia remains inadequate after four consecutive demands, one Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets (containing 5 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and 325 mg acetaminophen) is administered orally, with a minimum interval of 6 hours between repeated administrations. If pain persists, intravenous morphine 5 mg may be administered at intervals no shorter than 4 hours. | Drug | Bupivacaine hydrochloride |
| Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaineThe 20 mL (266 mg) of liposomal bupivacaine will be mixed with a volume of 20 mL 0.25% Bupivacaine hydrochloride (50 mg, normal saline dilution) for the Liposomal Bupivacaine plus Bupivacaine hydrochloride group.Local infiltration will be performed by the thoracic surgeon before closure.A total of 30-40 mL of fluid will be injected at the incision.The PCA solution is prepared by diluting 100 μg of sufentanil and 16 mg of ondansetron with normal saline to a total volume of 100 mL. Postoperatively, the patient may press the demand button for analgesia. Each activation delivers a 2 mL bolus, with a lockout interval of 10 minutes.If analgesia remains inadequate after four consecutive demands, one Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets (containing 5 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and 325 mg acetaminophen) is administered orally, with a minimum interval of 6 hours between repeated administrations. If pain persists, intravenous morphine 5 mg may be administered at intervals no shorter than 4 hours. | Drug | Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine |
Primary outcome
Intravenous Morphine Equivalents of Rescue Analgesic Medications Within 48 Hours Postoperatively
Time frame: The postoperative period 48 hours.
16 secondary outcomes
Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Numeric Rating Scale at rest (NRSr) Within 0-72 Hours Postoperatively
Time frame: Data will be collected at 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively.
Numeric Rating Scale at rest (NRSr) at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively
Time frame: Postoperative day 7, month 1, and month 3.
Time to request of first analgesia
Time frame: Within 48 hours postoperatively.
Cumulative sufentanil dose for four separate periods (0-4, 4-8, 8-24, and 24-48 h), a total press count including both valid and invalid presses
Time frame: Postoperative Hours 4, 8, 24, and 48.
Duration days of Oral Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets Administration
Time frame: Within 3 months postoperatively.
Patient Satisfaction Scale，PSS
Time frame: Postoperative hours 2, 24, 48, and 72; week 1; month 1; and month 3.
Ramsay Sedation Scale，RSS
Time frame: Postoperative at 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours.
Quality of Recovery-40，QoR-40
Time frame: Postoperative hours 24, 48, and 72.
The length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit（PACU）
Time frame: The time from the end of surgery until transferred back to the ward.Typically, patients are transferred back to the ward after approximately 30 to 60 minute.
Length of Stay (LOS)
Time frame: Perioperation.
Total hospitalization expenses incurred during the patient's inpatient stay
Time frame: Perioperation.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting，PONV
Time frame: Postoperatively within 72 hours.
Adverse events，AEs
Time frame: Within 72 hours postoperatively.
Area under the curve (AUC) of the Numerical Rating Scale during movement (NRSm) within 0-72 hours postoperatively
Time frame: Data will be collected at 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postoperatively.
Numeric Rating Scale during movement (NRSm) at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively
Time frame: Postoperative day 7, month 1, and month 3.
Total dosage of orally oxycodone and acetaminophen tablets
Time frame: Within 3 months postoperatively.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jul 2026.
- Background: PubMed 40760826Zhao HX, Dou W, Meng XT, Shi YF, Shan XS, Ji FH, Chen SM, Peng K. Liposomal bupivacaine vs. Ropivacaine for wound infiltration on chronic postsurgical pain after video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2543522. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2543522. Epub 2025 Aug 4.
- Background: PubMed 34988957Dikici M, Akesen S, Yavascaoglu B, Bayram AS, Kaya FN, Gurbet A. Comparison of intraoperative and post-operative effects of serratus anterior plane block performed with ultrasound and infiltration block in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Agri. 2022 Jan;34(1):23-32. doi: 10.14744/agri.2021.22605.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after de-identification (text, tables, figures and appendices) are available. Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author Fang Luo on request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bupivacaine hydrochloride and Liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine in people with Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and Pain Management, run by Beijing Tiantan Hospital at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Fang Luo (+86 13611326978, 13611326978@163.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Intravenous Morphine Equivalents of Rescue Analgesic Medications Within 48 Hours Postoperatively (time frame: The postoperative period 48 hours.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07432711, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jul 2026.