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Systemic Lupus ErythematosusPRIMULA DUSNCT07431775

Saphnelo Use in Females of Child-bearing Potential

An observational study of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, run by AstraZeneca.

Not yet recruiting

Opening soon. The study is approved but enrolment has not started yet. Sites may already take enquiries.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by substantial clinical burden-including organ damage, increased morbidity, and mortality-that often presents in young adulthood and disproportionately affects female patients. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 15 to 50 years, women only
Conditions the study is for
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
What is being tested?
Anifrolumab
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
How many people
26,000,000 participants
Where
No sites listed yet
Study dates
1 Oct 2026to 31 Mar 2032
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 15 to 50 years
  • Women only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult

Study population: The study population for the primary objectives will be all female patients of reproductive potential (defined as females aged 15 to 50 years old) observed during the patient identification period. The study population for the secondary objectives will be female patients of reproductive potential who newly initiated anifrolumab use during the patient identification period. Secondary Objective 3 is restricted to a subset of the broader secondary objective population, and includes female patients of reproductive potential who initiate anifrolumab use and have a prior record of SLE diagnosis. Study populations will be identified separately within each country-specific secondary healthcare data source from Denmark, France, Germany, and the US.

Who may be able to join

  • Observability (enrollment or activity) in the data source for at least one day during the patient identification period within that calendar year (set earliest qualifying date as "index date" for primary objectives)
  • Female sex at index date
  • Age ≥15 and ≤50 years at index date
  • Receipt of anifrolumab therapy during the patient identification period (identify earliest record of anifrolumab in this period and set as "index date" for secondary objectives).
  • Female sex at index date.
  • Age ≥15 and ≤50 years at index date.
  • ≥180 days of continuous observability (e.g., enrollment or activity) in the dataset prior to and including the index date.
  • (For Secondary Objective 3 only) SLE diagnosis, defined as having at least one unique health care encounter record with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code of M32* (excluding M32.0: drug-induced SLE) within the 180-day baseline period prior to and including the index date.

Who cannot join

  • (Primary Objective 1a only) Evidence of prior anifrolumab use in all available data prior to the index date through 1 day prior to the index date
  • Patients will be included in the secondary objective cohort if they satisfy the following inclusion and exclusion criteria:
  • Evidence of prior anifrolumab use in all available data prior the index date through 1 day prior to the index date.

Trial locations and contacts

No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

AstraZeneca Clinical Study Information Center contact

1-877-240-9479

information.center@astrazeneca.com

About this study

Official title: A Non-Interventional Descriptive Multi-Country Study of Saphnelo™ (Anifrolumab-fnia) Utilization in Females of Reproductive Potential

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by substantial clinical burden-including organ damage, increased morbidity, and mortality-that often presents in young adulthood and disproportionately affects female patients. SAPHNELO™ (anifrolumab-fnia), a fully human IgG1 κ monoclonal antibody, is a novel therapeutic option approved for add-on treatment of moderate-to-severe SLE in the United States (US) on 30 July 2021 and in the European Union on 14 February 2022. To fulfill US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) post-marketing requirements for the evaluation of anifrolumab safety in pregnancy, additional evidence is needed to better understand the real-world drug utilization of anifrolumab in female patients of reproductive potential.

Read the detailed description

Research Questions:

  1. What is the incidence and prevalence of anifrolumab use among females of reproductive potential in selected countries where anifrolumab is marketed?
  2. What are the baseline characteristics and drug utilization patterns in females of reproductive potential who initiate treatment with anifrolumab in selected countries where anifrolumab is marketed?

Primary Objectives:

1a. To describe trends in the annual incidence of anifrolumab utilization among females of reproductive potential overall and stratified by age group and, separately, by SLE diagnosis status.

1b. To describe trends in the annual prevalence of anifrolumab utilization among females of reproductive potential overall and stratified by age group and, separately, by SLE diagnosis status.

Secondary Objectives:

  1. To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of females of reproductive potential who initiate anifrolumab use, at the point of treatment initiation.
  2. To describe SLE treatment regimens at anifrolumab initiation among females of reproductive potential with an SLE diagnosis.
  3. To describe anifrolumab utilization patterns among females of reproductive potential who initiate anifrolumab use.
  4. To enumerate and describe pregnancies with anifrolumab exposure among females of reproductive potential who initiate anifrolumab use.

This is a non-interventional, retrospective, descriptive cohort study using secondary healthcare data from selected countries where anifrolumab is marketed (specifically, Denmark, France, Germany, and the US) to assess trends in, and patterns of, anifrolumab use among females of reproductive potential.

The study population for the primary objectives will be female patients of reproductive potential (defined as females aged 15 to 50 years old) who are observable during the patient identification period (country-specific; market launch date through the end of available data). The study population for the secondary objectives will be female patients of reproductive potential who newly initiated anifrolumab use during the patient identification period. Secondary Objective 3 is restricted to female patients of reproductive potential who initiate anifrolumab use and have a prior record of SLE diagnosis. Study populations will be identified separately within each country-specific secondary healthcare data source from Denmark, France, Germany, and the US.

Final study report delivery is planned for April 2032.

Being tested
Anifrolumab
Keywords
chronic autoimmune disease, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, human monoclonal antibody (IgG1ƙ mAb), post Marketing Requirements (PMR) study, pregnancy, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Medical subject headings
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • AnifrolumabDrug

    Also called Saphnelo

    Anifrolumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to subunit 1 of the type 1 interferon receptor, which was developed based on the evidence supporting the role of type 1 interferon pathway in SLE. Clinical trial evidence from TULIP 1 and TULIP 2 have showed that monthly intravenous administration of anifrolumab led to a higher percentage of patients with a response, assessed with the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment, compared with patients receiving placebo. Moreover, the phase II MUSE study showed that administration of anifrolumab resulted in substantially reduce disease activity, as measured by the SLE Responder Index, compared to patients receiving placebo. Anifrolumab was approved by the FDA and EMA in July 2021 and February 2022, respectively, for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe SLE who are receiving standard therapy.

Study groups in NCT07431775
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Study population for primary objectivesPatients will be included in the primary objective cohort for a given calendar year interval, if they satisfy the following inclusion and exclusion criteria within that year: Inclusion criteria 1. Observability (enrollment or activity) in the data source for at least one day during the patient identification period within that calendar year (set earliest qualifying date as "index date" for primary objectives) 2. Female sex at index date 3. Age ≥15 and ≤50 years at index date Exclusion criteria 1. (Primary Objective 1a only) Evidence of prior anifrolumab use in all available data prior to the index date through 1 day prior to the index date Note: Cohort selection criteria for the primary objectives will be assessed repeatedly within calendar year intervals during the patient identification period to enable evaluation of annual anifrolumab use incidence and prevalence outcomes.
Receives: Drug: Anifrolumab
Study population for secondary objectivesPatients will be included in the secondary objective cohort if they satisfy the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria 1. Receipt of anifrolumab therapy during the patient identification period (identify earliest record of anifrolumab in this period and set as "index date" for secondary objectives) 2. Female sex at index date 3. Age ≥15 and ≤50 years at index date 4. ≥180 days of continuous observability (e.g., enrollment or activity) in the dataset prior to and including the index date. 5. (For Secondary Objective 3 only) SLE diagnosis, defined as having at least one unique health care encounter record with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code of M32* (excluding M32.0: drug-induced SLE) within the 180-day baseline period prior to and including the index date Exclusion criteria 1. Evidence of prior anifrolumab use in all available data prior the index date through 1 day prior to the index date
Receives: Drug: Anifrolumab

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Incidence of anifrolumab use

    Within each country, the incidence of anifrolumab will be assessed within each calendar year interval of the overall patient identification period. The follow-up period within each calendar year interval starts on the calendar year-specific index date and ends on the earliest of the following dates within that same year: (1) last date of observability (enrollment/activity), (2) death date, (3) 51st birthday, (4) end of the study period, (5) December 31st (end of calendar year), or (6) date of anifrolumab initiation (for objective 1a only). Incidence will be reported as the number of female patients of reproductive potential with incident anifrolumab use per (1) 1,000,000 females of reproductive potential (without prior anifrolumab use) in a given calendar year, with 95% CI and (2) per 1,000,000 person-years of follow-up among females of reproductive potential (without prior anifrolumab use) in a given calendar year, with 95% CI.

    Measured: 1 year

  2. Prevalence of anifrolumab use

    Within each country, the prevalence of anifrolumab use will be assessed within each calendar year interval of the follow-up period by calculating the number and percentage with prevalent anifrolumab use among all female patients of reproductive potential in a given calendar year (with 95% CI), as well as number of female patients of reproductive potential with prevalent anifrolumab use per 1,000,000 female patients of reproductive potential in a given calendar year (with 95% CI).

    Measured: 1 year

Secondary outcomes (4)
  1. Baseline patient characteristics

    Patient demographics and clinical characteristics for the secondary objective cohort will be assessed using descriptive statistics over the appropriate baseline period. Categorical variables will be reported as counts with percentages, and continuous variables will be reported as mean (SD) and median (IQR). The frequency (and proportion) of missing responses will be reported for baseline patient characteristics.

    Measured: At anifrolumab treatment initiation (index date)

  2. Baseline SLE treatment characteristics

    Baseline SLE treatment utilization characteristics will be assessed over the appropriate baseline period among the patients in the secondary objective cohort with a baseline SLE diagnosis. The number and percentage of patients who have a record for each unique SLE treatment during the baseline assessment period will be reported.

    Measured: At anifrolumab treatment initiation (index date)

  3. Anifrolumab treatment utilization patterns

    Anifrolumab treatment use outcomes will be assessed in the secondary objective cohort from one day after the index date until the earliest of: last date of observability, death, 51st birthday, end of study period, or anifrolumab discontinuation (end of first episode of use). Duration of anifrolumab use (in days) will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, summarized as (1) median time on treatment (with 95% CI) and (2) proportion of patients still on treatment at 84 days (with 95% CI). Additional outcome measures include total count of doses per patient (mean, SD, median, IQR, range), and proportion with anifrolumab discontinuation (defined as a gap of 90+ days between infusions, with discontinuation date as 28 days after last dose before discontinuation) during follow-up.

    Measured: From anifrolumab treatment initiation (index date) up to 84 days post-initiation

  4. Anifrolumab-exposed pregnancies

    Pregnancies that occur during anifrolumab exposure will be identified and assessed in the secondary objective cohort from one day after the index date until the earliest of: last date of observability, death, 51st birthday, end of study period, or last date of anifrolumab exposure (set as 93 days after last dose in first episode of use). Reported outcome measures will include: (1) total count of anifrolumab-exposed pregnancy episodes (cohort-level), (2) counts with percentages of patients who initiated anifrolumab use with 0, 1, or ≥2 unique anifrolumab-exposed pregnancy episodes, (3) number (and percentage) of patients who were pregnant at time of anifrolumab initiation, (4) trimester of pregnancy at anifrolumab initiation (counts/percentages for 1st, 2nd, or 3rd trimester), and (5) duration of anifrolumab exposure (mean, SD, median, IQR, range) among anifrolumab-exposed pregnancy episodes.

    Measured: From anifrolumab treatment initiation (index date) up to 93 days after date of last dose

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted25 Feb 2026
  2. Study start1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
  3. Primary completion31 Mar 2032 (estimated)
  4. Study completion31 Mar 2032 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrolment
26,000,000 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07431775
Sponsor's protocol ID
D3461R00086
Acronym
PRIMULA DUS
Status last verified
Feb 2026
First submitted
12 Jan 2026
Last updated
25 Feb 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: Qualified researchers can request access to anonymized individual patient-level data from AstraZeneca group of companies sponsored clinical trials via the request portal Vivli.org. All requests will be evaluated as per the AZ disclosure commitment: https://astrazenecagrouptrials.pharmacm.com/ST/Submission/Disclosure. "Yes", indicates that AZ are accepting requests for IPD, but this does not mean all requests will be shared.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, run by AstraZeneca.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact AstraZeneca Clinical Study Information Center (1-877-240-9479, information.center@astrazeneca.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Incidence of anifrolumab use (time frame: 1 year). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Feb 2026.

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