Sprint Force-Velocity-Power ProfileRST-FV Youth FNCT07418892
Effects of Resisted Versus Unresisted Sprint Training on Sprint Force-Velocity Profile in Youth Footballers
A study testing Resisted Sprint Training and Unresisted Sprint Training in people with Sprint Force-Velocity-Power Profile and Football (Soccer) Sprint Performance, run by Federal University of Vicosa at 1 site in Colombia.
Trial summary
This randomised, controlled, two-arm trial evaluates whether light resisted sprint training (sled towing at 20% of body mass) produces superior improvements in 30 m sprint mechanical outputs compared with matched-dose unresisted sprint training in youth footballers. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 17 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Sprint Force-Velocity-Power Profile, Football (Soccer) Sprint Performance
- What is being tested?
- Resisted Sprint Training and Unresisted Sprint Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 siteColombia
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2024to 20 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 17 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Male football (soccer) player aged 13 to 17 years.
- Registered Under-14 or Juvenile player in an organized football program/club/league.
- At least 1 year of organized football experience.
- Current health-system affiliation (e.g., EPS).
- Provided informed assent; parent/guardian provided written informed consent (for minors).
- Able to attend and comply with the sessional training and testing protocol.
Who cannot join
- Current musculoskeletal complaint or injury at baseline.
- Ongoing rehabilitation at baseline.
- Logistical constraints preventing participation in the sessional protocol (e.g., inability to attend required sessions/assessments).
- Injury incurred during the intervention that prevents safe continuation (participant will be withdrawn).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Resisted Versus Non-resisted Sprint Training on Countermovement Jump and Sprint Force-velocity Profile in Youth Footballers: a Randomised Controlled Trial
This randomised, controlled, two-arm trial evaluates whether light resisted sprint training (sled towing at 20% of body mass) produces superior improvements in 30 m sprint mechanical outputs compared with matched-dose unresisted sprint training in youth footballers.
Participants complete two supervised sessions per week for six consecutive weeks, integrated into normal academy microcycles on the same artificial-turf surface. Primary outcomes are changes in sprint-derived force-velocity-power profile parameters and 30 m sprint performance, with secondary outcomes including countermovement jump height and anthropometrics.
Read the detailed description
The study uses a parallel-group randomised design. Allocation is stratified by squad category (Under-14 and Juvenile) with simple randomisation within strata using computer-generated random numbers prepared by a researcher not involved in training delivery.
The intervention is delivered on a third-generation artificial-turf pitch at a youth academy integrated within a professional development pathway. Forty-four outfield players from two squads are enrolled.
Both arms complete 20 m maximal sprints with identical volume and rest structure (3 sets × 5 repetitions, 45 s inter-repetition rest, 3 min inter-set rest). The experimental arm performs sled towing at 20% body mass (sled tare 3 kg plus plates), whereas the comparator arm performs unresisted maximal sprints. No additional lower-limb strength or speed work beyond the head coach's standard plan is introduced during the intervention period.
Primary outcomes are derived from 30 m sprint profiling, using high-speed video and the MySprint application to compute split times and estimate sprint mechanical variables within the Morin-Samozino framework. Outcome assessors/video analysts and the statistician are blinded to group codes, while full participant blinding is not feasible due to the presence of the sled.
- Being tested
- Resisted Sprint Training, Unresisted Sprint Training
- Keywords
- Resisted sprint training, Sled towing, Unresisted sprinting, Youth footballers, force-velocity profile, Horizontal power, RF-peak, Countermovement jump
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Resisted Sprint TrainingOther
20 m maximal sprints towing a sled loaded to 20% of individual body mass (sled tare 3 kg; plates added). 3 sets × 5 repetitions, 45 s inter-rep rest, 3 min inter-set rest; two supervised sessions/week for six weeks, conducted at the start of squad training, on the same artificial-turf surface.
Unresisted Sprint TrainingOther
20 m maximal sprints without external resistance; dose and rest schedule identical to RST (3 × 5 × 20 m; 45 s; 3 min); two sessions/week for six weeks; same surface and session placement; standard team training continues.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Resisted Sprint Training (RST) | Experimental | 20 m maximal sprints towing a sled loaded to 20% of individual body mass (sled tare 3 kg; plates added). 3 sets × 5 repetitions, 45 s inter-rep rest, 3 min inter-set rest; two supervised sessions/week for six weeks, conducted at the start of squad training, on the same artificial-turf surface. Receives: Other: Resisted Sprint Training |
| Unresisted Sprint Training | Active comparator | 20 m maximal sprints without external resistance; dose and rest schedule identical to RST (3 × 5 × 20 m; 45 s; 3 min); two sessions/week for six weeks; same surface and session placement; standard team training continues. Receives: Other: Unresisted Sprint Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in best 30 m sprint time
Best (fastest) 30 m sprint time, expressed in seconds (s). The reported value is the best 30 m time (s).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Secondary outcomes (8)
Change from baseline to post-intervention in theoretical maximal horizontal force (F0)
Sprint-derived theoretical maximal horizontal force (F0), expressed relative to body mass (N/kg).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in peak sprint velocity
Peak velocity reached during the sprint assessment, expressed in meters per second (m/s).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in rate of decrease in RF with velocity (DRF)
Sprint-derived rate of decrease in RF with velocity (DRF), expressed as % per m.
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in peak ratio of horizontal force (RF_peak)
Sprint-derived peak ratio of horizontal force (RF_peak), expressed as percentage (%).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in ratio of horizontal force (RF)
Sprint-derived ratio of horizontal force (RF), expressed as percentage (%).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in maximal horizontal power (Pmax)
Sprint-derived maximal horizontal power (Pmax), expressed relative to body mass (W/kg).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in theoretical maximal running velocity (V0)
Sprint-derived theoretical maximal running velocity (V0), expressed in meters per second (m/s).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in countermovement jump (CMJ) height
Countermovement jump (CMJ) height, expressed in centimeters (cm). The reported value is CMJ height (cm).
Measured: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Feb 2026
- Study start1 Aug 2024
- Primary completion20 Sep 2024
- Study completion20 Sep 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sprint Force-Velocity-Power ProfileStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Federal University of Vicosa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07418892
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CE-042024-6-2024
- Acronym
- RST-FV Youth F
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 18 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Behm DG, Young JD, Whitten JHD, Reid JC, Quigley PJ, Low J, Li Y, Lima CD, Hodgson DD, Chaouachi A, Prieske O, Granacher U. Effectiveness of Traditional Strength vs. Power Training on Muscle Strength, Power and Speed with Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol. 2017 Jun 30;8:423. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00423. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28713281Baena-Raya A, Garcia-Mateo P, Garcia-Ramos A, Rodriguez-Perez MA, Soriano-Maldonado A. Delineating the potential of the vertical and horizontal force-velocity profile for optimizing sport performance: A systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2022 Feb;40(3):331-344. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1993641. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
PubMed 34727836Bachero-Mena B, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effects of resisted sprint training on acceleration with three different loads accounting for 5, 12.5, and 20% of body mass. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2954-60. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000492.
PubMed 24736770Aquino R, Goncalves LG, Galgaro M, Maria TS, Rostaiser E, Pastor A, Nobari H, Garcia GR, Moraes-Neto MV, Nakamura FY. Match running performance in Brazilian professional soccer players: comparisons between successful and unsuccessful teams. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Aug 17;13(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00324-x.
PubMed 34404461Amore M, Minciacchi D, Panconi G, Guarducci S, Bravi R, Sorgente V. Impact of Sled-Integrated Resisted Sprint Training on Sprint and Vertical Jump Performance in Young U-14 Male Football Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Dec 5;9(4):256. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040256.
PubMed 39728240Alcaraz PE, Carlos-Vivas J, Oponjuru BO, Martinez-Rodriguez A. The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018 Sep;48(9):2143-2165. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0947-8.
PubMed 29926369Ulloa-Guerrero T, Ruiz JS, Rodriguez R, Tadeo-Herazo R, Lopez-Betancourt S, Palacio-Bedoya H, Gaviria-Alzate S, Rojas-Jaramillo A. Effects of Resisted Versus Non-Resisted Sprint Training on Countermovement Jump and Sprint Force-Velocity Profile in Youth Footballers: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Sports (Basel). 2026 Jun 23;14(7):258. doi: 10.3390/sports14070258.
PubMed 42506801
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Resisted Versus Non-resisted Sprint Training on Countermovement Jump and Sprint Force-velocity Profile in Youth Footballers: a Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07418892
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RST-FV Youth F / CE-042024-6-2024
- Keywords
- Resisted sprint training, Sled towing, Unresisted sprinting, Youth footballers, force-velocity profile, Horizontal power, RF-peak, Countermovement jump
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Federal University of VicosaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Sep 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomised, controlled, two-arm trial evaluates whether light resisted sprint training (sled towing at 20% of body mass) produces superior improvements in 30 m sprint mechanical outputs compared with matched-dose unresisted sprint training in youth footballers.
Participants complete two supervised sessions per week for six consecutive weeks, integrated into normal academy microcycles on the same artificial-turf surface. Primary outcomes are changes in sprint-derived force-velocity-power profile parameters and 30 m sprint performance, with secondary outcomes including countermovement jump height and anthropometrics.
Detailed description
The study uses a parallel-group randomised design. Allocation is stratified by squad category (Under-14 and Juvenile) with simple randomisation within strata using computer-generated random numbers prepared by a researcher not involved in training delivery.
The intervention is delivered on a third-generation artificial-turf pitch at a youth academy integrated within a professional development pathway. Forty-four outfield players from two squads are enrolled.
Both arms complete 20 m maximal sprints with identical volume and rest structure (3 sets × 5 repetitions, 45 s inter-repetition rest, 3 min inter-set rest). The experimental arm performs sled towing at 20% body mass (sled tare 3 kg plus plates), whereas the comparator arm performs unresisted maximal sprints. No additional lower-limb strength or speed work beyond the head coach's standard plan is introduced during the intervention period.
Primary outcomes are derived from 30 m sprint profiling, using high-speed video and the MySprint application to compute split times and estimate sprint mechanical variables within the Morin-Samozino framework. Outcome assessors/video analysts and the statistician are blinded to group codes, while full participant blinding is not feasible due to the presence of the sled.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Resisted Sprint Training (RST) | Experimental | Other: Resisted Sprint Training20 m maximal sprints towing a sled loaded to 20% of individual body mass (sled tare 3 kg; plates added). 3 sets × 5 repetitions, 45 s inter-rep rest, 3 min inter-set rest; two supervised sessions/week for six weeks, conducted at the start of squad training, on the same artificial-turf surface. |
| Unresisted Sprint Training | Active comparator | Other: Unresisted Sprint Training20 m maximal sprints without external resistance; dose and rest schedule identical to RST (3 × 5 × 20 m; 45 s; 3 min); two sessions/week for six weeks; same surface and session placement; standard team training continues. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 17 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Male football (soccer) player aged 13 to 17 years.
- Registered Under-14 or Juvenile player in an organized football program/club/league.
- At least 1 year of organized football experience.
- Current health-system affiliation (e.g., EPS).
- Provided informed assent; parent/guardian provided written informed consent (for minors).
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Current musculoskeletal complaint or injury at baseline.
- Ongoing rehabilitation at baseline.
- Logistical constraints preventing participation in the sessional protocol (e.g., inability to attend required sessions/assessments).
- Injury incurred during the intervention that prevents safe continuation (participant will be withdrawn).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Resisted Sprint Training20 m maximal sprints towing a sled loaded to 20% of individual body mass (sled tare 3 kg; plates added). 3 sets × 5 repetitions, 45 s inter-rep rest, 3 min inter-set rest; two supervised sessions/week for six weeks, conducted at the start of squad training, on the same artificial-turf surface. | Other | Resisted Sprint Training (RST) |
| Unresisted Sprint Training20 m maximal sprints without external resistance; dose and rest schedule identical to RST (3 × 5 × 20 m; 45 s; 3 min); two sessions/week for six weeks; same surface and session placement; standard team training continues. | Other | Unresisted Sprint Training |
Primary outcome
Change from baseline to post-intervention in best 30 m sprint time
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Best (fastest) 30 m sprint time, expressed in seconds (s). The reported value is the best 30 m time (s).
8 secondary outcomes
Change from baseline to post-intervention in theoretical maximal horizontal force (F0)
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in peak sprint velocity
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in rate of decrease in RF with velocity (DRF)
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in peak ratio of horizontal force (RF_peak)
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in ratio of horizontal force (RF)
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in maximal horizontal power (Pmax)
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in theoretical maximal running velocity (V0)
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Change from baseline to post-intervention in countermovement jump (CMJ) height
Time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Feb 2026.
- Background: PubMed 28713281Behm DG, Young JD, Whitten JHD, Reid JC, Quigley PJ, Low J, Li Y, Lima CD, Hodgson DD, Chaouachi A, Prieske O, Granacher U. Effectiveness of Traditional Strength vs. Power Training on Muscle Strength, Power and Speed with Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol. 2017 Jun 30;8:423. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00423. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 34727836Baena-Raya A, Garcia-Mateo P, Garcia-Ramos A, Rodriguez-Perez MA, Soriano-Maldonado A. Delineating the potential of the vertical and horizontal force-velocity profile for optimizing sport performance: A systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2022 Feb;40(3):331-344. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1993641. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
- Background: PubMed 24736770Bachero-Mena B, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effects of resisted sprint training on acceleration with three different loads accounting for 5, 12.5, and 20% of body mass. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2954-60. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000492.
- Background: PubMed 34404461Aquino R, Goncalves LG, Galgaro M, Maria TS, Rostaiser E, Pastor A, Nobari H, Garcia GR, Moraes-Neto MV, Nakamura FY. Match running performance in Brazilian professional soccer players: comparisons between successful and unsuccessful teams. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Aug 17;13(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00324-x.
- Background: PubMed 39728240Amore M, Minciacchi D, Panconi G, Guarducci S, Bravi R, Sorgente V. Impact of Sled-Integrated Resisted Sprint Training on Sprint and Vertical Jump Performance in Young U-14 Male Football Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Dec 5;9(4):256. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040256.
- Background: PubMed 29926369Alcaraz PE, Carlos-Vivas J, Oponjuru BO, Martinez-Rodriguez A. The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018 Sep;48(9):2143-2165. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0947-8.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42506801Ulloa-Guerrero T, Ruiz JS, Rodriguez R, Tadeo-Herazo R, Lopez-Betancourt S, Palacio-Bedoya H, Gaviria-Alzate S, Rojas-Jaramillo A. Effects of Resisted Versus Non-Resisted Sprint Training on Countermovement Jump and Sprint Force-Velocity Profile in Youth Footballers: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Sports (Basel). 2026 Jun 23;14(7):258. doi: 10.3390/sports14070258.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Resisted Sprint Training and Unresisted Sprint Training in people with Sprint Force-Velocity-Power Profile and Football (Soccer) Sprint Performance, run by Federal University of Vicosa at 1 site in Colombia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Colombia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from baseline to post-intervention in best 30 m sprint time (time frame: From baseline assessment (within 1 week prior to first training session) to post-intervention assessment (within 1 week after the final training session), over the 6-week intervention period.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07418892, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Feb 2026.