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USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ANESTHESIANCT07395713

The Predictability of the Necessity for Cardiology Consultation in Patients Scheduled for Non-Cardiac Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence Models in Preoperative Anesthesia Assessment

An observational study of USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ANESTHESIA and PREOPERATIVE CARDIOLOGY CONSULTATION REQUIREMENT, run by Bursa City Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record
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Trial summary

Structured Summary Title Predictability of Cardiology Consultation Requirement in Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence Models Background Preoperative cardiac risk assessment is essential for minimizing perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 80 years
What is being tested?
Patient scenarios were presented to different AI models (ChatGPT 4.5, ChatGPT 5, Copilot, Deepseek, Grok, Claude, Gemini Flash, Gemini Pro) with and without prompts.
How many people
183 participants
Where
1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
Study dates
1 Jan 2025to 15 Mar 2026
How long will I take part?
1 Day
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 80 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: This study will be conducted with the participation of patients who will be referred to cardiology following an examination at the anesthesia clinic prior to undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Who may be able to join

  • Adults aged 18 years or older
  • ASA physical status classification I-IV
  • Scheduled for non-cardiac surgery
  • Patients evaluated preoperatively by anesthesia residents with less than two years of clinical experience
  • Availability of complete clinical data including medical history, ECG findings, and chest radiography
  • Ability to provide informed consent

Who cannot join

  • Patients younger than 18 years of age
  • Patients undergoing cardiac surgery
  • Patients with incomplete clinical data
  • Patients who declined participation
  • Emergency surgery cases
  • Patients unable to undergo standard preoperative evaluation

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
  • Bursa Şehir Hastanesi

    Bursa, Bursa, 16001

Other trials in Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Official title: The Effectiveness of Using Artificial Intelligence (Chat GPT) in Cardiac Assessment During Anesthesia Examination of Preoperative Cases

Structured Summary Title

Predictability of Cardiology Consultation Requirement in Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence Models

Read more

Background

Preoperative cardiac risk assessment is essential for minimizing perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Cardiology consultations are often requested to assess surgical eligibility and reduce complication risks. However, unnecessary consultations may contribute to inefficient healthcare resource utilization and procedural delays.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models, have demonstrated potential in clinical decision support systems. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2024 guidelines provide a structured framework for evaluating perioperative cardiac risk. This study aims to investigate whether AI-based models can assist in predicting the need for cardiology consultation and to examine the effect of prompted versus non-prompted input formats on AI recommendations.

Study Design

Prospective, observational, comparative study.

Ethical Approval

The study has been approved by the Bursa City Hospital Ethics Committee and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Sample Size

Sample size was calculated using G*Power software based on anticipated effect size and statistical power requirements.

Participants

Inclusion Criteria:

Adults aged 18 years or older

ASA physical status I-IV

Scheduled for non-cardiac surgery

Evaluated by anesthesia residents with less than two years of clinical experience

Exclusion Criteria:

Pediatric patients

Patients declining participation

Incomplete clinical data

Data Collection

The following patient data will be recorded:

Demographics (age, sex, BMI)

Medical history (comorbidities, medication use, allergies, substance use)

Functional capacity (METs score)

ECG findings

Chest radiography findings

Planned surgical procedure characteristics

AI Model Evaluation

Multiple AI language models will be tested using standardized patient scenarios. Each scenario will be presented in two formats:

Prompted format:

"You are a 10-year experienced anesthesiologist. According to ESC 2024 guidelines, evaluate whether this patient requires cardiology consultation."

Non-prompted format:

"Evaluate whether this patient requires cardiology consultation."

AI recommendations will not influence clinical decision-making.

Outcome Measures

Primary and secondary analyses will include:

Agreement between AI recommendations and expert anesthesiologist evaluations

Readability of AI-generated responses

Quality assessment of responses

Classification performance comparisons across models

Statistical Analysis

Statistical analyses will be performed using appropriate comparative and agreement tests. Readability and quality scores will be analyzed using non-parametric methods where applicable. ROC analysis will be used to assess classification ability. A significance level of p < 0.05 will be applied.

Study Objective

The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of AI-assisted decision support systems in predicting cardiology consultation requirements and to evaluate whether prompt engineering influences AI performance.

Read the detailed description

Structured Summary Title

Predictability of Cardiology Consultation Requirement in Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery Using Artificial Intelligence Models

Background

Preoperative cardiac risk assessment is essential for minimizing perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Cardiology consultations are often requested to assess surgical eligibility and reduce complication risks. However, unnecessary consultations may contribute to inefficient healthcare resource utilization and procedural delays.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models, have demonstrated potential in clinical decision support systems. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2024 guidelines provide a structured framework for evaluating perioperative cardiac risk. This study aims to investigate whether AI-based models can assist in predicting the need for cardiology consultation and to examine the effect of prompted versus non-prompted input formats on AI recommendations.

Study Design

Prospective, observational, comparative study.

Ethical Approval

The study has been approved by the Bursa City Hospital Ethics Committee and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Sample Size

Sample size was calculated using G*Power software based on anticipated effect size and statistical power requirements.

Participants

Inclusion Criteria:

Adults aged 18 years or older

ASA physical status I-IV

Scheduled for non-cardiac surgery

Evaluated by anesthesia residents with less than two years of clinical experience

Exclusion Criteria:

Pediatric patients

Patients declining participation

Incomplete clinical data

Data Collection

The following patient data will be recorded:

Demographics (age, sex, BMI)

Medical history (comorbidities, medication use, allergies, substance use)

Functional capacity (METs score)

ECG findings

Chest radiography findings

Planned surgical procedure characteristics

AI Model Evaluation

Multiple AI language models will be tested using standardized patient scenarios. Each scenario will be presented in two formats:

Prompted format:

"You are a 10-year experienced anesthesiologist. According to ESC 2024 guidelines, evaluate whether this patient requires cardiology consultation."

Non-prompted format:

"Evaluate whether this patient requires cardiology consultation."

AI recommendations will not influence clinical decision-making.

Outcome Measures

Primary and secondary analyses will include:

Agreement between AI recommendations and expert anesthesiologist evaluations

Readability of AI-generated responses

Quality assessment of responses

Classification performance comparisons across models

Statistical Analysis

Statistical analyses will be performed using appropriate comparative and agreement tests. Readability and quality scores will be analyzed using non-parametric methods where applicable. ROC analysis will be used to assess classification ability. A significance level of p < 0.05 will be applied.

Study Objective

The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of AI-assisted decision support systems in predicting cardiology consultation requirements and to evaluate whether prompt engineering influences AI performance.

Being tested
Patient scenarios were presented to different AI models (ChatGPT 4.5, ChatGPT 5, Copilot, Deepseek, Grok, Claude, Gemini Flash, Gemini Pro) with and without prompts.
Keywords
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ANESTHESIA, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CONSULTATION NEEDS

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Patient scenarios were presented to different AI models (ChatGPT 4.5, ChatGPT 5, Copilot, Deepseek, Grok, Claude, Gemini Flash, Gemini Pro) with and without prompts.Other

    Responses:

    Compared with expert opinion according to the ESC 2024 guidelines

    Evaluated using the Ateşman readability score and the Global Quality Scale (GQS)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Agreement Between AI Model Recommendations and Expert Anesthesiologist Decision Regarding Cardiology Consultation Requirement

    The level of agreement between artificial intelligence model recommendations and expert anesthesiologist evaluations for cardiology consultation necessity will be assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient based on ESC 2024 guidelines.

    Measured: At baseline preoperative evaluation (Day 1)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted9 Feb 2026
  2. Study start1 Jan 2025
  3. Primary completion30 Jun 2025
  4. Study completion15 Mar 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrolment
183 participants (estimated)
Target duration
1 Day
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07395713
Sponsor's protocol ID
Bursa Şehir Hastanesi
Status last verified
Jan 2026
First submitted
20 Dec 2025
Last updated
9 Feb 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: Due to our commitment to patient rights, data privacy, and the consent form

Publications

  • 1.M. Graeßner et al., "Enabling personalized perioperative risk prediction by using a machinelearning model based on preoperative data," Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, May 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33981-8. 2.B. Choi et al., "Prediction Model for 30-Day Mortality after Non-Cardiac Surgery Using MachineLearning Techniques Based on Preoperative Evaluation of Electronic Medical Records," Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 11, no. 21, p. 6487, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.3390/jcm11216487. 3.M. Vine et al., "Innovative approaches to preoperative care including feasibility, efficacy, and ethical implications: a narrative review," AME Surgical Journal, vol. 4. AME Publishing Company, p. 1, Feb. 01, 2024. doi: 10.21037/asj-23-41. 4.P. Chung, C. T. Fong, A. M. Walters, N. Aghaeepour, M. Yetişgen, and V. N. O'Reilly-Shah, "Large Language Model Capabilities in Perioperative Risk Prediction and Prognostication," JAMA Surgery, vol. 159, no. 8, American Medical Association, p. 928, Jun. 05, 2024. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1621 5.T. Yurttas, R. Hidvegi, and M. Filipovic, "Biomarker-Based Preoperative Risk Stratification for Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery," Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 351, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.3390/jcm9020351 6.J. Stones and D. Yates, "Clinical risk assessment tools in anaesthesia," BJA Education, vol. 19, no. 2. Elsevier BV, p. 47, Dec. 15, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2018.09.009. 7. Engineering as an Important Emerging Skill for Medical Professionals: Tutorial. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Oct 4;25:e50638. doi: 10.2196/50638. PMID: 37792434; PMCID: PMC10585440. 8. ATEŞMAN, Ender. (1997). Türkçe'de okunabilirliğin Ölçülmesi. A.Ü. Tömer Dil Dergisi, sayı:58,s.171174. 9. Coskun B, Ocakoglu G, Yetemen M, Kaygisiz O. Can ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence Language Model, Provide Accurate and High-quality Patient Information on Prostate Cancer? Urology. 2023 Oct;180:35-58. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.05.040. Epub 2023 Jul 4. PMID: 37406

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ANESTHESIA and PREOPERATIVE CARDIOLOGY CONSULTATION REQUIREMENT, run by Bursa City Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Agreement Between AI Model Recommendations and Expert Anesthesiologist Decision Regarding Cardiology Consultation Requirement (time frame: At baseline preoperative evaluation (Day 1)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07395713, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Feb 2026.

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