Psychological StressGREEN-OINCT07379164
Psychophysiological Effects of Green Exercise in Outdoor Green vs. Indoor Control
A study testing Outdoor Green Group in people with Psychological Stress and Mental Fatigue, run by Lincoln University College at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Core Purpose: Researchers want to learn if walking in an outdoor green environment helps people recover from mental tiredness and stress better than walking indoors. This study investigates how a 30-minute walk in an outdoor green setting affects the mind and body compared to a 30-minute walk on a treadmill in a room… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Psychological Stress, Mental Fatigue, Cognitive Dysfunction
- What is being tested?
- Outdoor Green Group
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2025to 15 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy adults aged 18 to 30 years.
- University students or individuals with equivalent educational background.
- Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing.
- Willingness to comply with all study procedures and sign the informed consent form.
Who cannot join
- Physical Health: History of cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, or chronic pain that may affect Heart Rate Variability (HRV).
- Mental Health: Diagnosis of clinical depression, anxiety disorders, or other psychiatric conditions.
- Substance Use: Current smokers or individuals with a history of alcohol or drug abuse.
- Medication: Recent use of any medications that affect the autonomic nervous system or endocrine function (e.g., steroids, beta-blockers, or hormonal medications) within the past month.
- Cognitive/Physical Impairment: Any disability that prevents walking for 30 minutes or completing the Digit Span cognitive task.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Psychophysiological Restorative Effects of Green Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Core Purpose: Researchers want to learn if walking in an outdoor green environment helps people recover from mental tiredness and stress better than walking indoors. This study investigates how a 30-minute walk in an outdoor green setting affects the mind and body compared to a 30-minute walk on a treadmill in a room without windows.
The Study Process: The study included 80 healthy young adults between the ages of 18 and 35. Researchers randomly split the participants into two groups.
Read more
- The Outdoor Green group: Participants walked for 30 minutes on a path in an outdoor green environment.
- The Indoor Control group: This group walked for 30 minutes on a treadmill in a windowless room.
What is Being Measured: To understand how the environment helps the brain recover, researchers used a "Sensory-to-Appraisal" model to measure several factors.
- Information Harvesting: Researchers used a new tool called the Nature Sensory Sensitivity Index (NSSI). This measures how well participants notice and "capture" sensory details from their surroundings, like the sounds of birds or the textures of plants.
- Restorative Feelings: Using the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS), participants reported if they felt the environment helped them "get away" from daily stress and if the setting was interesting or beautiful.
- Overall Mood Changes (POMS TMD): Researchers used the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to calculate a Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score. This helps show if participants feel less tense, angry, or tired, and more energetic after the walk.
- Connection to Nature (NR): Researchers measured each participant's Nature Relatedness (NR). This describes how much a person naturally feels connected to the natural world, which may influence how much they benefit from the green walk.
- Attention and Thinking: Participants performed a "Digit Span Task" (repeating sequences of numbers) to test if their focus improved.
- Physical Stress: The study used objective markers, including salivary cortisol (a stress hormone) and heart rate variability (a measure of how the nervous system relaxes).
Why This Matters: The goal of this research is to see if actively noticing an outdoor green environment (sensory harvesting) is the "key" that unlocks mental recovery. By comparing the Outdoor Green group with the Indoor Control group, this study helps us understand why nature is good for public health and how to design better spaces for stress relief.
Read the detailed description
Study Overview and Theoretical Framework This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to investigate the psychophysiological restorative effects of green exercise. The study is grounded in Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Stress Recovery Theory (SRT). It specifically tests a "Sensory-to-Appraisal" model, which proposes that the restorative benefits of nature are driven by an initial stage of objective sensory information harvesting, followed by subjective restorative appraisal.
Experimental Design A total of 80 healthy young adults (aged 18-35) were recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups with a 1:1 allocation ratio.
- The Outdoor Green group: Participants performed a standardized 30-minute walk along a pre-defined route in a forest park environment.
- The Indoor Control group: Participants performed a 30-minute walk on a treadmill in a controlled laboratory setting (windowless room, neutral environment) at a self-selected moderate pace to match the physical intensity of the outdoor group.
Experimental Procedure The experiment followed a five-stage longitudinal design.
- Baseline (T0): Collection of demographic data, Nature Relatedness (NR) scales, and initial physiological/psychological measurements.
- Stress Induction: Participants underwent a cognitive stressor to induce mental fatigue and psychological stress.
- Intervention (T1): The 30-minute walking intervention in the assigned environment.
- Post-Intervention (T2): Immediate post-test measurements including sensory harvesting (NSSI), perceived restorativeness (PRS), and emotional states.
- Recovery Monitoring: Follow-up assessment of cognitive function and physiological recovery markers.
Key Measures
- Sensory Harvesting: Measured by the Nature Sensory Sensitivity Index (NSSI), a tool designed to quantify the objective capture of environmental stimuli.
- Psychological Appraisal: Evaluated via the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS).
- Cognitive Function: Assessed through the Digit Span Task (Forward and Backward) to measure working memory and directed attention.
- Affective States: Measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to calculate Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) and self-esteem scales.
- Physiological Response: Objective stress recovery was monitored via salivary cortisol levels and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), specifically the RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences) to assess parasympathetic activation.
Statistical Analysis The study uses a serial mediation model to analyze how the environment intervention influences restorative outcomes through the sequential mediation of NSSI and PRS. Mixed-model ANOVAs are used to compare between-group differences across time points.
- Conditions
- Psychological Stress, Mental Fatigue, Cognitive Dysfunction, Emotional Well-being, Healthy Volunteers
- Being tested
- Outdoor Green Group, Indoor Control Group
- Keywords
- Green Exercise, Nature-based Interventio, Attention Restoration Theory, Psychophysiological Restoration, Urban Health
- Medical subject headings
- Stress, Psychological, Mental Fatigue, Cognitive Dysfunction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Outdoor Green GroupBehavioural
Participants perform a supervised 30-minute walk at a moderate pace (4.0-5.5 km/h) along a pre-defined 2.5 km loop trail within a suburban forest park. The environment is characterized by high canopy cover (>60%) and diverse natural vegetation. To ensure consistency, all sessions are conducted under stable weather conditions (Temperature: 20-26°C; Humidity: 40-60%). Participants walk individually to prevent social interaction, ensuring the restorative experience is derived solely from the individual-nature interaction.
Indoor Control GroupBehavioural
Participants perform a 30-minute walk on a treadmill in a windowless indoor laboratory. To ensure consistency with the outdoor environment, the laboratory is climate-controlled with a temperature range of 20-26°C and humidity of 40-60%. The treadmill is set to a fixed moderate speed (4.0-5.5 km/h) with a 1% incline. The 1% incline is specifically applied to compensate for the lack of air resistance indoors and to accurately match the physiological energy expenditure and biomechanical demands of outdoor ground walking. The laboratory walls are neutral-colored to eliminate visual nature stimuli.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Green Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm perform a standardized 30-minute walk at a moderate pace along a pre-defined route in an outdoor green enviroment. This arm focuses on the effects of exposure to natural environmental stimuli. Receives: Behavioral: Outdoor Green Group |
| Indoor Control Group | Active comparator | Participants walk on a treadmill at a fixed moderate speed (4.0-5.5 km/h) with a 1% incline. This specific incline is used to compensate for the lack of air resistance indoors and to more accurately match the physiological energy expenditure of outdoor ground walking. Receives: Behavioral: Indoor Control Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Profile of Mood States - Total Mood Disturbance (ΔTMD)
The POMS TMD is a self-report scale consisting of 6 subscales: Tension, Depression, Anger, Fatigue, Confusion, and Vigor. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale (0 = Not at all to 4 = Extremely). The TMD score is calculated as: (Tension + Depression + Anger + Fatigue + Confusion) - Vigor. The final outcome (ΔTMD) is the difference between the post-intervention TMD score and the pre-intervention (baseline) TMD score [ΔTMD = TMD (Post) - TMD (Pre)]. TMD scores range from -120 to 120. A larger negative ΔTMD value indicates a greater reduction in negative emotions and more significant psychological restoration.
Measured: From Baseline (Pre-test) to 30 minutes post-intervention (Post-test)
Secondary outcomes (5)
Nature Relatedness (NR)
This scale assesses the individual's levels of self-identification and connection with the natural world across three specific dimensions: NR-Self (e.g., "I feel that I am a part of nature"), NR-Experience (e.g., "I enjoy being outdoors, even in unpleasant weather"), and NR-Perspective (e.g., "Animals and plants should have rights similar to humans"). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree). The Nature Relatedness (Final Score) is calculated as the average of all item scores. Total scores range from 6 to 30, where higher scores represent a stronger subjective connection and identification with nature.
Measured: Baseline (T0, before intervention)
Nature Sensory Sensitivity Index (NSSI)
The NSSI is a composite index designed to quantify objective and subjective sensory information harvesting across three sections:1. Section A: Free Recall: Participants have 2 minutes to list specific natural details perceived through sight, sound, smell, or touch. The score is the total number of valid natural items recalled.2. Section B: Sensory Recognition: A checklist of sensory items (e.g., fragrance of pine, rustling leaves) where participants tick items actually perceived. The score is the number of correct hits, excluding distractors (e.g., traffic noise).3. Section C: Aesthetic Immersion: A 3-item scale assessing immersion and "oneness" with the environment. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).The final NSSI score is a weighted composite of these three sections. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, higher scores indicate a greater volume, accuracy, and depth of sensory stimuli captured during the intervention.
Measured: Immediately after the 10-minute intervention (T1)
Change in Perceived Restorativeness Scale (ΔPRS)
This scale assesses the participant's subjective perception of the environment's restorative qualities across four dimensions: Being Away, Fascination, Extent, and Compatibility. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale (1 = Not at all to 5 = Extremely). The final outcome (ΔPRS) is calculated as the difference between the post-intervention score and the pre-intervention baseline score [ΔPRS = PRS (Post) - PRS (Pre)]. The score for this change measure ranges from -4 to 4 (based on the average score difference). A positive ΔPRS indicates an increase in the perceived restorative quality of the environment.
Measured: From Baseline (T0) to Immediately after the 10-minute intervention (T1)
Change in Total Digit Span Score (ΔDigit Span)
This measure assesses the restoration of attention and working memory through two tasks: Digit Span Forward (Part A) and Digit Span Backward (Part B). For each task, participants are tested on span lengths from 3 to 9 digits, with two trials provided for each length. The Total Digit Span Score is the sum of the maximum spans or total successful trials from both tasks (A+B). The total score for this measure ranges from 0 to 18. The final outcome is the change score calculated as [ΔDigit Span = Digit Span (Post) - Digit Span (Pre)]. An increase in the score represents improved cognitive focus and restoration of directed attention.
Measured: From Baseline (T0) to immediately after the 30-minute intervention (T2)
Change in Self-Esteem (ΔSelf-Esteem)
This scale measures the participant's state self-esteem and sense of self-worth based on their feelings "RIGHT NOW". It consists of 4 items assessing self-worth, positive qualities, attitude toward oneself, and self-satisfaction. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly Disagree to 4=Agree). The total self-esteem score ranges from 4 to 16. The final outcome (ΔSelf-Esteem) is calculated as the difference between the post-intervention score and the pre-intervention baseline score [ΔSelf-Esteem = Self-Esteem (Post) - Self-Esteem (Pre)]. The score for this change measure ranges from -12 to 12. A positive ΔSelf-Esteem indicates an improvement in the individual's sense of self-worth following the intervention.
Measured: From Baseline (T0) to immediately after the 30-minute intervention (T2)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Mar 2025
- Primary completion1 May 2025
- Study completion15 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Psychological StressStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This is a randomized, two-arm, parallel-group controlled trial. Participants are randomly assigned to either the Outdoor Green group or the Indoor Control group with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Each participant stays in their assigned group throughout the study duration and completes a standardized 30-minute walking task in their respective environment (an outdoor forest park versus an indoor laboratory).
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Lincoln University College
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Linjun Liu, Lincoln University College
- Investigators
- Sheng Yan, Study director, Wuhan University of Technology
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07379164
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- WTU-IRB-2025-0113
- Acronym
- GREEN-OI
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 30 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: There is no plan to share individual participant data to protect the privacy of the participants and ensure data security.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Psychophysiological Restorative Effects of Green Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07379164
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GREEN-OI / WTU-IRB-2025-0113
- Conditions
- Psychological Stress, Mental Fatigue, Cognitive Dysfunction, Emotional Well-being, Healthy Volunteers
- Keywords
- Green Exercise, Nature-based Interventio, Attention Restoration Theory, Psychophysiological Restoration, Urban Health
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Lincoln University CollegeUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Core Purpose: Researchers want to learn if walking in an outdoor green environment helps people recover from mental tiredness and stress better than walking indoors. This study investigates how a 30-minute walk in an outdoor green setting affects the mind and body compared to a 30-minute walk on a treadmill in a room without windows.
The Study Process: The study included 80 healthy young adults between the ages of 18 and 35. Researchers randomly split the participants into two groups.
- The Outdoor Green group: Participants walked for 30 minutes on a path in an outdoor green environment.
- The Indoor Control group: This group walked for 30 minutes on a treadmill in a windowless room.
What is Being Measured: To understand how the environment helps the brain recover, researchers used a "Sensory-to-Appraisal" model to measure several factors.
- Information Harvesting: Researchers used a new tool called the Nature Sensory Sensitivity Index (NSSI). This measures how well participants notice and "capture" sensory details from their surroundings, like the sounds of birds or the textures of plants.
- Restorative Feelings: Using the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS), participants reported if they felt the environment helped them "get away" from daily stress and if the setting was interesting or beautiful.
- Overall Mood Changes (POMS TMD): Researchers used the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to calculate a Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score. This helps show if participants feel less tense, angry, or tired, and more energetic after the walk.
- Connection to Nature (NR): Researchers measured each participant's Nature Relatedness (NR). This describes how much a person naturally feels connected to the natural world, which may influence how much they benefit from the green walk.
- Attention and Thinking: Participants performed a "Digit Span Task" (repeating sequences of numbers) to test if their focus improved.
- Physical Stress: The study used objective markers, including salivary cortisol (a stress hormone) and heart rate variability (a measure of how the nervous system relaxes).
Why This Matters: The goal of this research is to see if actively noticing an outdoor green environment (sensory harvesting) is the "key" that unlocks mental recovery. By comparing the Outdoor Green group with the Indoor Control group, this study helps us understand why nature is good for public health and how to design better spaces for stress relief.
Detailed description
Study Overview and Theoretical Framework This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to investigate the psychophysiological restorative effects of green exercise. The study is grounded in Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Stress Recovery Theory (SRT). It specifically tests a "Sensory-to-Appraisal" model, which proposes that the restorative benefits of nature are driven by an initial stage of objective sensory information harvesting, followed by subjective restorative appraisal.
Experimental Design A total of 80 healthy young adults (aged 18-35) were recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups with a 1:1 allocation ratio.
- The Outdoor Green group: Participants performed a standardized 30-minute walk along a pre-defined route in a forest park environment.
- The Indoor Control group: Participants performed a 30-minute walk on a treadmill in a controlled laboratory setting (windowless room, neutral environment) at a self-selected moderate pace to match the physical intensity of the outdoor group.
Experimental Procedure The experiment followed a five-stage longitudinal design.
- Baseline (T0): Collection of demographic data, Nature Relatedness (NR) scales, and initial physiological/psychological measurements.
- Stress Induction: Participants underwent a cognitive stressor to induce mental fatigue and psychological stress.
- Intervention (T1): The 30-minute walking intervention in the assigned environment.
- Post-Intervention (T2): Immediate post-test measurements including sensory harvesting (NSSI), perceived restorativeness (PRS), and emotional states.
- Recovery Monitoring: Follow-up assessment of cognitive function and physiological recovery markers.
Key Measures
- Sensory Harvesting: Measured by the Nature Sensory Sensitivity Index (NSSI), a tool designed to quantify the objective capture of environmental stimuli.
- Psychological Appraisal: Evaluated via the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS).
- Cognitive Function: Assessed through the Digit Span Task (Forward and Backward) to measure working memory and directed attention.
- Affective States: Measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to calculate Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) and self-esteem scales.
- Physiological Response: Objective stress recovery was monitored via salivary cortisol levels and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), specifically the RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences) to assess parasympathetic activation.
Statistical Analysis The study uses a serial mediation model to analyze how the environment intervention influences restorative outcomes through the sequential mediation of NSSI and PRS. Mixed-model ANOVAs are used to compare between-group differences across time points.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This is a randomized, two-arm, parallel-group controlled trial. Participants are randomly assigned to either the Outdoor Green group or the Indoor Control group with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Each participant stays in their assigned group throughout the study duration and completes a standardized 30-minute walking task in their respective environment (an outdoor forest park versus an indoor laboratory).
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Green Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Outdoor Green GroupParticipants in this arm perform a standardized 30-minute walk at a moderate pace along a pre-defined route in an outdoor green enviroment. This arm focuses on the effects of exposure to natural environmental stimuli. |
| Indoor Control Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Indoor Control GroupParticipants walk on a treadmill at a fixed moderate speed (4.0-5.5 km/h) with a 1% incline. This specific incline is used to compensate for the lack of air resistance indoors and to more accurately match the physiological energy expenditure of outdoor ground walking. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Healthy adults aged 18 to 30 years.
- University students or individuals with equivalent educational background.
- Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing.
- Willingness to comply with all study procedures and sign the informed consent form.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Physical Health: History of cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, or chronic pain that may affect Heart Rate Variability (HRV).
- Mental Health: Diagnosis of clinical depression, anxiety disorders, or other psychiatric conditions.
- Substance Use: Current smokers or individuals with a history of alcohol or drug abuse.
- Medication: Recent use of any medications that affect the autonomic nervous system or endocrine function (e.g., steroids, beta-blockers, or hormonal medications) within the past month.
- Cognitive/Physical Impairment: Any disability that prevents walking for 30 minutes or completing the Digit Span cognitive task.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Green GroupParticipants perform a supervised 30-minute walk at a moderate pace (4.0-5.5 km/h) along a pre-defined 2.5 km loop trail within a suburban forest park. The environment is characterized by high canopy cover (>60%) and diverse natural vegetation. To ensure consistency, all sessions are conducted under stable weather conditions (Temperature: 20-26°C; Humidity: 40-60%). Participants walk individually to prevent social interaction, ensuring the restorative experience is derived solely from the individual-nature interaction. | Behavioural | Outdoor Green Group |
| Indoor Control GroupParticipants perform a 30-minute walk on a treadmill in a windowless indoor laboratory. To ensure consistency with the outdoor environment, the laboratory is climate-controlled with a temperature range of 20-26°C and humidity of 40-60%. The treadmill is set to a fixed moderate speed (4.0-5.5 km/h) with a 1% incline. The 1% incline is specifically applied to compensate for the lack of air resistance indoors and to accurately match the physiological energy expenditure and biomechanical demands of outdoor ground walking. The laboratory walls are neutral-colored to eliminate visual nature stimuli. | Behavioural | Indoor Control Group |
Primary outcome
Change in Profile of Mood States - Total Mood Disturbance (ΔTMD)
Time frame: From Baseline (Pre-test) to 30 minutes post-intervention (Post-test)
The POMS TMD is a self-report scale consisting of 6 subscales: Tension, Depression, Anger, Fatigue, Confusion, and Vigor. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale (0 = Not at all to 4 = Extremely). The TMD score is calculated as: (Tension + Depression + Anger + Fatigue + Confusion) - Vigor. The final outcome (ΔTMD) is the difference between the post-intervention TMD score and the pre-intervention (baseline) TMD score [ΔTMD = TMD (Post) - TMD (Pre)]. TMD scores range from -120 to 120. A larger negative ΔTMD value indicates a greater reduction in negative emotions and more significant psychological restoration.
5 secondary outcomes
Nature Relatedness (NR)
Time frame: Baseline (T0, before intervention)
Nature Sensory Sensitivity Index (NSSI)
Time frame: Immediately after the 10-minute intervention (T1)
Change in Perceived Restorativeness Scale (ΔPRS)
Time frame: From Baseline (T0) to Immediately after the 10-minute intervention (T1)
Change in Total Digit Span Score (ΔDigit Span)
Time frame: From Baseline (T0) to immediately after the 30-minute intervention (T2)
Change in Self-Esteem (ΔSelf-Esteem)
Time frame: From Baseline (T0) to immediately after the 30-minute intervention (T2)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Jan 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. There is no plan to share individual participant data to protect the privacy of the participants and ensure data security.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sheng Yan study director
Wuhan University of Technology
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Outdoor Green Group in people with Psychological Stress and Mental Fatigue, run by Lincoln University College at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Profile of Mood States - Total Mood Disturbance (ΔTMD) (time frame: From Baseline (Pre-test) to 30 minutes post-intervention (Post-test)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Jan 2026.