Menstrual HygieneNCT07370259
Gamification Method on the Menstruation and Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Female Students
A study testing Gamified Training Program in people with Menstrual Hygiene and Genital Hygiene Behaviors, run by Lokman Hekim University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of a gamification-based educational intervention on menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors among female students. The study was conducted with 77 female students aged 10-15 years who were attending a public secondary school in Ankara, Türkiye, during the… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 15 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Menstrual Hygiene, Genital Hygiene Behaviors, Adolescent Health
- What is being tested?
- Gamified Training Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 77 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2023to 1 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 15 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Female students enrolled in a public secondary school in Ankara
- Aged between 10 and 15 years
- Having experienced menarche (menstruating)
- Able to read and understand Turkish
- Having internet access to complete online training
- Willing to participate voluntarily in the study
- Parental written consent provided
Who cannot join
- Students who have not yet experienced menarche
- Incomplete questionnaire or missing data
- Lack of parental consent
- Students who did not complete all four gamified education sessions
- Students with any condition limiting participation in online learning activities
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Training Provided Through Gamification Method on the Menstruation and Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Female Students
This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of a gamification-based educational intervention on menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors among female students. The study was conducted with 77 female students aged 10-15 years who were attending a public secondary school in Ankara, Türkiye, during the 2023-2024 academic year. The intervention consisted of a web-based gamified education program developed by the researchers using Web 2.0 tools and implemented through an interactive online platform in four sessions. Data were collected before and one month after the intervention using the Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors Form and the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale (GHBS). Findings indicated a significant improvement in general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal findings after the intervention (p < 0.05). The study suggests that gamified online education can be an effective and engaging approach to improving menstrual and genital hygiene behaviors among adolescent girls.
Read the detailed description
This study was designed as a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research to evaluate the effect of a gamification-based educational intervention on menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors among female students. The research was carried out with 77 female students aged 10-15 years who were attending a public secondary school in Ankara, Türkiye, during the 2023-2024 academic year. Participants were recruited on a voluntary basis, and written informed consent was obtained from their parents prior to participation.
The intervention consisted of a web-based gamified educational program developed by the researchers using Web 2.0 tools. The content was structured based on the D6 gamification design model (Discover, Define, Design, Develop, Deploy, Determine). The educational material was delivered in four interactive online sessions, each lasting approximately 20 minutes. The sessions included visual materials, short videos, quizzes, badges, levels, and virtual rewards to increase motivation and engagement. The educational modules covered reproductive anatomy, the importance of hand and personal hygiene, perineal hygiene, the use of menstrual hygiene products, and waste management.
Data were collected using the Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors Form and the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale (GHBS), which evaluates three dimensions: general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal findings. Measurements were obtained before and one month after the intervention.
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27. Paired-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare pretest and posttest results. A statistically significant improvement was observed in students' general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal findings scores after the gamified education program (p < 0.05).
The study received ethical approval from the Lokman Hekim University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No: 2023/01-45; Date: February 28, 2023). Institutional permission was also obtained from the Ankara Provincial Directorate of the Ministry of National Education.
Overall, the findings suggest that gamified online education can effectively improve menstrual and genital hygiene behaviors among adolescent girls. Integrating gamification-based approaches into school health education programs may contribute to sustainable hygiene behaviors and promote adolescent health.
- Conditions
- Menstrual Hygiene, Genital Hygiene Behaviors, Adolescent Health, Health Education, Gamification
- Being tested
- Gamified Training Program
- Keywords
- Adolescent Health, Gamification, Genital Hygiene, Menstrual Hygiene
- Medical subject headings
- Health Education
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Gamified Training ProgramBehavioural
The intervention consisted of a web-based gamified educational program developed using Web 2.0 tools. The program included four interactive online sessions, each lasting approximately 20 minutes, and aimed to improve menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors among female students. Gamification elements such as avatars, badges, levels, and virtual rewards were integrated following the D6 design model (Discover, Define, Design, Develop, Deploy, Determine). The training combined visuals, videos, and quizzes to enhance engagement and motivation. Post-intervention assessments were conducted one month after the completion of all sessions to evaluate behavioral outcomes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Gamified Training Group | Experimental | All participants received the web-based gamified educational program designed to improve menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors. The program included four interactive online sessions of approximately 20 minutes each, incorporating gamification elements such as avatars, badges, levels, and virtual rewards to enhance engagement. Pre- and post-test assessments were administered to evaluate changes in hygiene behaviors. Receives: Behavioral: Gamified Training Program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale (GHBS) Total Score
The Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale (GHBS) is a 23-item Likert-type instrument designed to assess genital hygiene behaviors across three subdomains: general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal genital findings. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, yielding a total score ranging from 23 to 115, with higher scores indicating better genital hygiene behaviors.
Measured: From baseline (pre-test) to 1 month after completion of the gamified educational program
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change in General Hygiene Subscale Score (GHBS)
Evaluates basic hygiene practices such as handwashing, perineal cleaning, and drying habits. The General Hygiene subscale consists of 12 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Subscale scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating better general genital hygiene behaviors.
Measured: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Change in Menstrual Hygiene Subscale Score (GHBS)
Assesses menstrual hygiene management practices such as product use, cleaning, and waste disposal. The Menstrual Hygiene subscale consists of 8 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Subscale scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating better menstrual hygiene behaviors.
Measured: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Change in Awareness of Abnormal Findings Subscale Score (GHBS)
Measures students' awareness of symptoms indicating possible infection or abnormal genital conditions. The Awareness of Abnormal Findings subscale consists of 3 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Subscale scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater awareness of abnormal genital findings.
Measured: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Change in Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors Form Score
Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors Form: It was developed by the researchers based on the literature and consists of 4 categorical items assessing bathing style, cleaning method, genital cleansing direction, and drying practices during menstruation. The items are evaluated individually, and no total score is calculated
Measured: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2023
- Primary completion15 Jan 2024
- Study completion1 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Menstrual HygieneStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- The study was planned as a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study so as to evaluate the effect of gamification method on menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors of female students.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 77 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Lokman Hekim University
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Özlem Ülkü BULUT, Lokman Hekim University
- Investigators
- Ozlem Ulku Bulut, Assistant Professor, Study chair, Lokman Hekim University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07370259
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- genital hijyen
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 18 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 28 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the study involved minors and was conducted under strict ethical confidentiality agreements. Only aggregate (summary) data will be reported in publications.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Training Provided Through Gamification Method on the Menstruation and Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Female Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07370259
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- genital hijyen
- Conditions
- Menstrual Hygiene, Genital Hygiene Behaviors, Adolescent Health, Health Education, Gamification
- Keywords
- Adolescent Health, Gamification, Genital Hygiene, Menstrual Hygiene
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 77 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Lokman Hekim UniversityOther government
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of a gamification-based educational intervention on menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors among female students. The study was conducted with 77 female students aged 10-15 years who were attending a public secondary school in Ankara, Türkiye, during the 2023-2024 academic year. The intervention consisted of a web-based gamified education program developed by the researchers using Web 2.0 tools and implemented through an interactive online platform in four sessions. Data were collected before and one month after the intervention using the Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors Form and the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale (GHBS). Findings indicated a significant improvement in general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal findings after the intervention (p < 0.05). The study suggests that gamified online education can be an effective and engaging approach to improving menstrual and genital hygiene behaviors among adolescent girls.
Detailed description
This study was designed as a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research to evaluate the effect of a gamification-based educational intervention on menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors among female students. The research was carried out with 77 female students aged 10-15 years who were attending a public secondary school in Ankara, Türkiye, during the 2023-2024 academic year. Participants were recruited on a voluntary basis, and written informed consent was obtained from their parents prior to participation.
The intervention consisted of a web-based gamified educational program developed by the researchers using Web 2.0 tools. The content was structured based on the D6 gamification design model (Discover, Define, Design, Develop, Deploy, Determine). The educational material was delivered in four interactive online sessions, each lasting approximately 20 minutes. The sessions included visual materials, short videos, quizzes, badges, levels, and virtual rewards to increase motivation and engagement. The educational modules covered reproductive anatomy, the importance of hand and personal hygiene, perineal hygiene, the use of menstrual hygiene products, and waste management.
Data were collected using the Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors Form and the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale (GHBS), which evaluates three dimensions: general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal findings. Measurements were obtained before and one month after the intervention.
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27. Paired-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare pretest and posttest results. A statistically significant improvement was observed in students' general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal findings scores after the gamified education program (p < 0.05).
The study received ethical approval from the Lokman Hekim University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No: 2023/01-45; Date: February 28, 2023). Institutional permission was also obtained from the Ankara Provincial Directorate of the Ministry of National Education.
Overall, the findings suggest that gamified online education can effectively improve menstrual and genital hygiene behaviors among adolescent girls. Integrating gamification-based approaches into school health education programs may contribute to sustainable hygiene behaviors and promote adolescent health.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- The study was planned as a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study so as to evaluate the effect of gamification method on menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors of female students.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Gamified Training Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Gamified Training ProgramAll participants received the web-based gamified educational program designed to improve menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors. The program included four interactive online sessions of approximately 20 minutes each, incorporating gamification elements such as avatars, badges, levels, and virtual rewards to enhance engagement. Pre- and post-test assessments were administered to evaluate changes in hygiene behaviors. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 15 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Female students enrolled in a public secondary school in Ankara
- Aged between 10 and 15 years
- Having experienced menarche (menstruating)
- Able to read and understand Turkish
- Having internet access to complete online training
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Students who have not yet experienced menarche
- Incomplete questionnaire or missing data
- Lack of parental consent
- Students who did not complete all four gamified education sessions
- Students with any condition limiting participation in online learning activities
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Gamified Training ProgramThe intervention consisted of a web-based gamified educational program developed using Web 2.0 tools. The program included four interactive online sessions, each lasting approximately 20 minutes, and aimed to improve menstruation and genital hygiene behaviors among female students. Gamification elements such as avatars, badges, levels, and virtual rewards were integrated following the D6 design model (Discover, Define, Design, Develop, Deploy, Determine). The training combined visuals, videos, and quizzes to enhance engagement and motivation. Post-intervention assessments were conducted one month after the completion of all sessions to evaluate behavioral outcomes. | Behavioural | Gamified Training Group |
Primary outcome
Change in Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale (GHBS) Total Score
Time frame: From baseline (pre-test) to 1 month after completion of the gamified educational program
The Genital Hygiene Behavior Scale (GHBS) is a 23-item Likert-type instrument designed to assess genital hygiene behaviors across three subdomains: general hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and awareness of abnormal genital findings. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, yielding a total score ranging from 23 to 115, with higher scores indicating better genital hygiene behaviors.
4 secondary outcomes
Change in General Hygiene Subscale Score (GHBS)
Time frame: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Change in Menstrual Hygiene Subscale Score (GHBS)
Time frame: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Change in Awareness of Abnormal Findings Subscale Score (GHBS)
Time frame: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Change in Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors Form Score
Time frame: Baseline to 1 month post-intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jan 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the study involved minors and was conducted under strict ethical confidentiality agreements. Only aggregate (summary) data will be reported in publications.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ozlem Ulku Bulut, Assistant Professor study chair
Lokman Hekim University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Gamified Training Program in people with Menstrual Hygiene and Genital Hygiene Behaviors, run by Lokman Hekim University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale (GHBS) Total Score (time frame: From baseline (pre-test) to 1 month after completion of the gamified educational program). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jan 2026.